Applied Computing

Except for W.J.Hutchins books, no other book gives such a wide overview of the major concepts of machine translation (MT) and machine-aided translation (MAT). Indeed this volume of 300 pages presents (almost all) the major translation approaches argued with linguistic and technical implications for each kind of application. Moreover neighbouring concepts that are spontaneously involved in MT/MAT are introduced such as multilingual text processing, formal language theory and artificial intelligence. The audience is well defined by the author in the preface. This book is useful for anyone who is interested in translation. Linguists, computer specialists and professional translators can find useful resources in this book for their research, development, studies and other activities. Moreover the author's writing style is quite fluent making the key concepts accessible to non-specialist readers. Note that the author does not present a new approach to MT/MAT in this book, his own approach is mainly descriptive and less suggestive. Four parts containing ten chapters are intelligently arranged allowing the reader to go through them progressively. A conclusion and a list of complementary references end each one of the ten chapters.

Dr. Patricia Jean Flanagan and Dr. Angelo Fraietta. 2019. Tracing the Intangible: The Curious Gestures of Crafts’ Cultural Heritage. In Adjunct Proceedings of the
2019 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing and the 2019 International Symposium on Wearable Computing (UbiComp/ISWC’19
Adjunct), September 9--13, 2019, London, United Kingdom 4 pages. ACM New York, NY, USA, 4 pages. https://doi.org//10.1145/3341162.3343799

This article describes the methodology and technology for data collection of hand gestures of master craftspeople, with a case study tracing the Intangible Cultural Heritage practice of Horse Tail Embroiderers of Shui ethnic minority in collaboration with GYPEC 1 in Guiyang, Southwestern China. We describe unique technological design solutions to enable mobility to remote villages, and freedom of movement to capture the hand gestures of master craftspeople. The significance of this work is vitally important, as it outlines a technique to digitally record, analyse and archive the intricate dynamics of craft practices.We contextualise the research within a contemporary context, and describe the aims and objectives of the research for an interactive media museum interface to provide new insights into traditional practices. Finally, we propose future potential to investigate embodied knowledge and alternative pedagogical applications for innovative contemporary design.

Corruption is a major global financial problem with billions of dollars rendered lost or unaccountable annually. Corruption through contract fraud is often conducted by withholding and/or altering financial information. When such scandals are investigated by authorities, financial and legal documents are usually altered to conceal the paper trail. Smart contracts have emerged in recent years and appear promising for applications such as legal contracts where transparency is critical and of public interest. Transparency and auditability are inherent because smart contracts execute operations on the blockchain, a distributed public ledger. In this paper, we propose the Minimum Hybrid Contract (MHC), with the aim of introducing 1) auditability, 2) transparency, and 3) immutabil-ity to the contract's financial transactions. The MHC comprises an online smart contract and an o✏ine traditional legal contract. where the two are immutably linked. Secure peer-to-peer financial transactions, transparency, and cost accounting are automated by the smart contract, and legal issues or disputes are carried out by civil courts. The reliance on established legal processes facilitates an appropriate adoption of smart contracts in traditional contracts .

Except for W.J.Hutchins books, no other book gives such a wide overview of the major concepts of machine translation (MT) and machine-aided translation (MAT). Indeed this volume of 300 pages presents (almost all) the major translation approaches argued with linguistic and technical implications for each kind of application. Moreover neighbouring concepts that are spontaneously involved in MT/MAT are introduced such as multilingual text processing, formal language theory and artificial intelligence. The audience is well defined by the author in the preface. This book is useful for anyone who is interested in translation. Linguists, computer specialists and professional translators can find useful resources in this book for their research, development, studies and other activities. Moreover the author's writing style is quite fluent making the key concepts accessible to non-specialist readers. Note that the author does not present a new approach to MT/MAT in this book, his own approach is mainly descriptive and less suggestive. Four parts containing ten chapters are intelligently arranged allowing the reader to go through them progressively. A conclusion and a list of complementary references end each one of the ten chapters.

This study investigates COVID-19's impact on the education system. It captures a multidimensional representation of teachers, students, and parents' use of information communication technologies (ICTs) to mitigate this disruption caused by school closures. The study analyzes the evolving influences on individual and collective behaviour amid the pandemic. The methods consisted of a 5-week longitudinal study that included a survey and multiple interviews with the three stakeholder groups. The qualitative and quantitative data yielded the analysis of ICTs usage before and during social confinement. Further to our analysis, we categorize and discuss our findings. We also interpret results to capture design implications and generate a new concept for design. To finalize, we identified students' learning loss and learning variability as pressing issues, despite the availability of technological mediums. We believe that a collaborative learning system could mitigate such a challenge. We believe that such a system could connect students to a teaching community and imbue a sense of togetherness within the context of distance education. CCS CONCEPTS • Applied computing → Education; Collaborative learning; • Human-centered computing → Human computer interaction (HCI); Empirical studies in HCI.

1 In this paper, we present the results of the "City as a platform" case study which has been initiated to the city of Kavala, Greece. This is part of the EU-funded Digital Transformation Strategy programme to drive the transformation of the local region into an entrepreneurial ecosystem and into a number of sectors: tourism, agricultural, logistics and ICT leveraging upon citizens' and SME's digital skills and exploiting the local digital infrastructure. A methodology of transforming this strategy into an action plan of operational activities linked to the objectives of the programme, and its first accomplishments, is presented.

This piece explores algorithmic governance as a strength and a vulnerability in the experience of building participatory communities known as "Decentralized Autonomous Organizations". The Cypherpunks were terrified of surveillance. They envisaged the combination of cryptography and computer technology fundamentally altering the nature of trust and reputation and built cryptographically secure blockchain-based infrastructure to counter this threat. Now, not just on chain transactions are being tracked but every move of participants in blockchain communities. Reputation in blockchain systems could become the new algorithmic authoritarianism if mis-used for social control. This piece analyzes the ways in which decentralization efforts can be a threat to themselves by exploring the question, 'Are "Decentralized Autonomous Organizations" (DAOs) the next panopticon of algorithmic governance or a different panacea, and what does this mean for human autonomy in "autonomous" systems?'. By employing ethnographic methods and case study analysis, this piece provides an important qualitative contribution to the early dynamics of the aspirations and problems of decentralized, autonomous organizations.

Text mining is the process of discovering new, hidden information from texts- structured, semi-structured and unstructured. There are so many benefits, valuable insights, discoveries and useful information that can be derived from unstructured or semi- unstructured data. In this study, text mining techniques were used to identify trends of different topics that exist in the text and how they change over time. Keywords were crawled from the abstracts in Journal of Computer Science and Technology (JCST), one of the ISI indexed journals in the field of Computer Science from 1993 to 2013. Results of our analysis clearly showed a varying trend in the representation of various subfields in a Computer Science journal from decade to decade. It was discovered that the research direction was changing from pure mathematical foundations, Theory of Computation to Applied Computing, Artificial Intelligence in form of Robotics and Embedded Systems.

https://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/

Text mining is the process of discovering new, hidden information from texts-structured, semi-structured and unstructured. There are so many benefits, valuable insights, discoveries and useful information that can be derived from unstructured or semi-unstructured data. In this study, text mining techniques were used to identify trends of different topics that exist in the text and how they change over time. Keywords were crawled from the abstracts in Journal of Computer Science and Technology (JCST), one of the ISI indexed journals in the field of Computer Science from 1993 to 2013. Results of our analysis clearly showed a varying trend in the representation of various subfields in a Computer Science journal from decade to decade. It was discovered that the research direction was changing from pure mathematical foundations, Theory of Computation to Applied Computing, Artificial Intelligence in form of Robotics and Embedded Systems.

This paper describes our lightweight prototype XML based client-server architecture for creating, managing and presenting virtual cultural exhibitions. ARCOLite provides a low cost solution for museums to assemble multimedia content into an XML archive for dynamic presentation locally or over the Internet extended with virtual and augmented reality visualization.

Classification of coins is an important but laborious aspect of numismatics - the field that studies coins and currency. It is particularly challenging in the case of ancient coins. Due to the way they were manufactured, as well as wear from use and exposure to chemicals in the soil, the same ancient coin type can exhibit great variability in appearance. We demonstrate that geometry-free models of appearance do not perform better than chance on this task and that only a small improvement is gained by previously proposed models of combined appearance and geometry. Thus, our first major contribution is a new type of feature which is efficient in terms of computational time and storage requirements, and which effectively captures geometric configurations between descriptors corresponding to local features. Our second contribution is a description of a fully automatic system based on the proposed features, which robustly localizes, segments out and classifies coins from cluttered images. We also describe a large database of ancient coins that we collected and which will be made publicly available. Finally, we report the results of empirical comparison of different coin matching techniques. The features proposed in this paper are found to greatly outperform existing methods.

A large corpus of data obtained by means of empirical study of neuromuscular adaptation is currently of limited use to athletes and their coaches. One of the reasons lies in the unclear direct practical utility of many individual trials. This paper introduces a mathematical model of adaptation to resistance training, which derives its elements from physiological fundamentals on the one side, and empirical findings on the other. The key element of the proposed model is what is here termed the athlete's capability profile. This is a generalization of length and velocity dependent force production characteristics of individual muscles, to an exercise with arbitrary biomechanics. The capability profile - a two-dimensional function over the capability plane - plays the central role in the proposed model of the training-adaptation feedback loop. Together with a dynamic model of resistance the capability profile is used in the model's predictive stage when exercise performance is simulated using a numerical approximation of differential equations of motion. Simulation results are used to infer the adaptational stimulus, which manifests itself through a fed back modification of the capability profile. It is shown how empirical evidence of exercise specificity can be formulated mathematically and integrated in this framework. A detailed description of the proposed model is followed by examples of its application - new insights into the effects of accommodating loading for powerlifting are demonstrated. This is followed by a discussion of the limitations of the proposed model and an overview of avenues for future work.

The noticeable rise in electricity bills is one of the most major factors leading to an economic crisis for all parts of the world today. It causes many negative impacts on the economic lifestyle of society. This is due to the depletion of unnecessary energy which leads to financial losses for customers. Moreover, it leads to problems between customers and electric companies. Day by day, electricity bills increase further due to the increase in the number of electrical appliances, which in turn leads to an increase in the daily use of electricity. The absence of an energy consumption monitoring system exacerbates this problem. Therefore, it became necessary to develop a system to monitor energy consumption that can calculate daily consumption and display it to customers so that they can know their energy consumption without facing any difficulties. This paper aims to design and implement an energy meter system for optimized cost using internet of things (IOT) technology. This is to ...

IPv6 is the next Internet Protocol version designed to eventually replace IPv4 as the amount of potentially allocated IPv4 addresses is insufficient. The vulnerabilities of IPv6 protocols and the attacks against them demand more attention to be paid. The multicast mechanism is one of the crucial mechanisms that are related to the nature of IPv6 protocol. Despite its usefulness in performing basic tasks in IPv6 environments, the multicast mechanism is considered as a security hole that calls to be understood by the security specialists and IPv6 network administrators. To address the multicast security aspects, this paper presents the attacks that utilize the multicast vulnerability along with the identification of countermeasures for each attack. In particular, this paper analyzes the state-of-the-art attacks and ranks them based on a new severity ranking method to provide significant security guidance for deploying IPv6 networks.

We first consider network security services and then review threats, vulnerabilities and failure modes. This review is based on standard texts, using well-known concepts, categorizations, and methods, e.g. risk analysis using asset-based threat profiles and vulnerability profiles (attributes). The review is used to construct a framework which is then used to define an extensible ontology for network security attacks. We

This paper studies energy consumption in peer-to-peer protocols in the context of file distribution among border devices and wireless sensors, which are limited in processing power and battery duration. Gnutella, Chord, CAN, Pastry, and Tapestry protocols were compared to the client-server approach in simulations using SimGrid and Triva, analyzing the energy cost of message exchanging. The peer-topeer protocols presented less consumption to distribute a file among 10 devices, and the best results were achieved by the Chord protocol. The client-server architecture presented the worst results, as expected, due to the high concentration of load in a single server. Processing costs of the Gnutella protocol were compared to the client-server's, with very similar results.

This article presents an experience report on using Google Apps for Education in a computer science laboratory at the Federal University of Santa Maria, Brazil. Google Apps platform offers a range of applications in a SaaS (Software as a Service) cloud, bringing several facilities for members of the institution, but also some challenges for system administrators. Throughout the article, we describe the migration to the cloud platform, the current state of the migrated domain and some opportunities that are being explored to best meet our requirements.

This paper describes our lightweight prototype XML based client-server architecture for creating, managing and presenting virtual cultural exhibitions. ARCOLite provides a low cost solution for museums to assemble multimedia content into an XML archive for dynamic presentation locally or over the Internet extended with virtual and augmented reality visualization.

Deadly earthquakes are events that are unpredictable, relatively rare and have a huge impact upon the lives of those who suffer their consequences. Furthermore, each earthquake has specific characteristics (location, magnitude, directivity) which, combined to local amplification and de-amplification effects, makes their outcome very singular. Empirical relations are the main methodology used to make early assessment of an earthquake's impact. Nevertheless, the lack of sufficient data registers for large events makes such approaches very imprecise. Physics-based simulators, on the other hand, are powerful tools that provide highly accurate shaking information. However, physical simulations require considerable computational resources, a detailed geological model, and accurate earthquake source information. A better early assessment of the impact of earthquakes implies both technical and scientific challenges. We propose a novel HPCbased urgent seismic simulation workflow, hereafter referred to as Urgent Computing Integrated Services for EarthQuakes (UCIS4EQ), which can deliver, potentially, much more accurate short-time reports of the consequences of moderate to large earthquakes. UCIS4EQ is composed of four subsystems that are deployed as services and connected by means of a workflow manager. This paper describes those components and their functionality. The main objective of UCIS4EQ is to produce ground-shaking maps and other potentially useful information to civil protection agencies. The first demonstrator will be deployed in the framework of the Center of Excellence for Exascale in Solid Earth (ChEESE, https://cheese.coe.eu/, last access: 12 Feb. 2020).

This paper introduces a preliminary taxonomy to bring the condition of air into the foreground of human perception. To create this taxonomy, we drew on the foundations of atmospheric research and studies in the field of human-computer interaction to provide an overview of different inputs and outputs that enable an interaction with the air. In addition, we present a potential use case that could benefit from a taxonomy to allow the development of atmospheric interfaces and empower the transfer of knowledge. We discuss our findings and conclude with challenges that can be addressed in future research.

The authors present details of a stochastic, event-driven simulation model of the population dynamics of a representative herd of white-tailed deer. With the inclusion of simulated hunters into the model, it is shown how a variety of hunting season scenarios may be examined. The ability of the simulation model to predict optimal management strategies for wildlife management resource managers is one of the basic goals of this project.>

This paper presents the results regarding a technique that can be used as an underlying mechanism for situation prediction. We analysed a hybrid neural network called Multi-output Adaptive Neural Fuzzy Inference System (MANFIS) and compared its predictive ability with a Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP). The results demonstrate that, depending on the application, the use of neural networks can be considered to be a good approach for situation prediction, when combined with other techniques.

This article provides an empirical statistical analysis and discussion of the predictive abilities of selected customer lifetime value (CLV) models that could be used in online shopping within e-commerce business settings. The comparison of CLV predictive abilities, using selected evaluation metrics, is made on selected CLV models: Extended Pareto/NBD model (EP/NBD), Markov chain model and Status Quo model. The article uses six online store datasets with annual revenues in the order of tens of millions of euros for the comparison. The EP/NBD model has outperformed other selected models in a majority of evaluation metrics and can be considered good and stable for non-contractual relations in online shopping. The implications for the deployment of selected CLV models in practice, as well as suggestions for future research, are also discussed.

The widespread use of the Internet comes accompanied with severe threats for web applications security. Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) have been considered to deal with the diversity and complexity of web attacks. In this context, this work proposes an algorithm for web attack detection, exploring an anomaly-based technique: the wavelet transform. The proposed algorithm analyzes anomalies within variations on characters frequencies in web requests. Experimental results show high rates of detection without false positive occurrences.

Sensor networks have been used in a wide range of applications. In Digital Cities they play an important role in gathering real-time data in urban scale. However, the heterogeneous and complex technologies applied in such applications make it difficult to monitor and manage different sensor networks, and also prevents the interoperation between systems. Thus, this paper presents a proposal of a novel architecture based on service orientation for homogeneous interoperation among sensor networks used in a Digital City scenario. Based on the outlined architectural model, a case study took place in a Brazilian operational Digital City in the state of São Paulo. The objective of the study is to demonstrate that architecture can be used for monitoring heterogeneous environments in a unified way, promoting datasharing and interoperability.

Opportunistic Networks (ONs) are mobile networks that support intermittent links and long delays. ON nodes exchange data in brief moments called contacts, when another node is within radio range. Contacts are ephemeral and unpredictable, thus they must be implemented as efficiently as possible. However, most previous work rely on simplistic assumptions such as unlimited bandwidth and contentionfree transmissions. This paper presents a more realistic evaluation of ON contacts. Simulations show that, on opposition to the consensus in the literature, routing protocols that forward more copies and those that determine a subset of nodes to receive the Bundles using a certain criteria outperform flooding-based protocols, because the latter generates too much medium contention. Finally, buffer management and forwarding prioritization may influence the performance of the network by up to 30%.

A spate of recent accidents and a lawsuit involving Tesla's 'selfdriving' cars highlights the growing need for meaningful accountability when harms are caused by AI systems. Tort (or civil liability) lawsuits are one important way for victims to redress such harms. The prospect of tort liability may also prompt AI developers to take better precautions against safety risks. Tort claims of all kinds will be hindered by AI opacity: the difficulty of determining how and why complex AI systems make decisions. We address this problem by formulating and evaluating several options for mitigating AI opacity that combine expert evidence, legal argumentation, civil procedure, and Explainable AI approaches. We emphasise the need for explanations of AI systems in tort litigation to be attuned to the elements of legal 'causes of action'-the specific facts that must be proven to succeed in a lawsuit. We take a recent Australian case involving explainable AI evidence as a starting point from which to map contemporary Explainable AI approaches to elements of tortious causes of action, focusing on misleading conduct, negligence, and product liability for safety defects. Our work synthesizes law, legal procedure, and computer science to provide greater clarity on the opportunities and challenges for Explainable AI in civil litigation, and may prove helpful to potential litigants, to courts, and to illuminate key targets for regulatory intervention.

Diabetes mellitus has a significant impact on people's lives and drugs financial burden. On the other hand, diabetes also has substantial economic effects on countries and national health systems. Most countries spend between 5% and 20% of their total health expenditures on diabetes. This is due to the increased use of health services, lack of productivity, and the long-term demand for complications associated with diabetes, such as kidney failure, blindness, and heart problems. This is why diabetes poses a significant challenge to healthcare systems and hinders sustainable economic development. This work is concerned with proposing mathematical models characterized by accuracy and ease in predicting the number of diabetics type 2 in the Sultanate of Oman. By analyzing the proposed mathematical models of the current work (1, 2, and 3), it was found that the proposed mathematical model in Equation 6 can accurately predict the number of diabetics in Oman up to 2050. In order to te...

In this paper we report the preliminary results of an evaluation in the wild of a storytelling app, the Lions of Time, presenting an archeological story, based on the swipe story approach. A swipe story is a digital story that, with a simple and immediate gesture (namely the swipe) and a language based on drawings, images, words, games, sounds, movies and emotions, is able to start the young user to a new path of knowledge. We performed an evaluation in the wild the day the swipe story was launched at the 2017 Turin International Book Fair. Preliminary results are encouraging, especially regarding the children engagement in the fruition of the story and its related games.

MyFIRE, a support action project under the FIRE initiative funded by the EU, was designed to identify best practices, gaps and future challenges for the FIRE Future Internet Experimental Facilities-EFs. Building on these gaps, recommendations are made on how EFs may reach a broader user community, expanding the present internal research community to outside researchers and business communities. The gaps and challenges were elaborated based on the return drawn from a large survey with international stakeholders, on interviews with key personnel from different areas of expertise, on documents provided by Future Internet projects in the European Community, and on especially organized MyFIRE seminars. The study addresses users' and providers' requirements from EFs, public policy in R&D&I, standardization needs and business models for sustainability of the EFs beyond their initial public funding period. In addition, this paper recommends approaches to add value to Future Internet EFs. As a support action project, MyFIRE was not intended as a research project. Therefore, no scientific contribution was expected as an outcome of the project. MyFIRE contribution was to establish a realistic assessment of Fire Experimental Facilities-EFs prospects beyond initial public funding.

Advances in ubiquitous computing are enabling the emergence of opportunities in many areas; among them we highlight the health-related applications. In this area, there is a trend toward developing many applications that enable care wherever you are and whenever you need, called ubiquitous healthcare. A detailed survey of existing and proposed models has shown that none of these applications meets the needs of people who suffer from food allergy. Thus, this article proposes an allergy detection ubiquitous model based on situation awareness. This model, called Allergy Detector, focuses on food allergy, in particular the eight major allergens (peanut, milk, egg, wheat, soy, fish, crustacean and tree nuts) and their derivatives, which cause about 90% of all food allergies. The main scientific contribution of the Allergy Detector is the use of situation awareness for detecting allergies anytime and anywhere in a transparent manner. In order to assess the model, we designed some case studies. We also carried out a profiling, accessing the Allergy Detector in terms of performance and identifying the main bottlenecks. The results showed the feasibility of using the model for detecting allergy ubiquitously.

Nowadays, Brazil has an expected growth in the tourism sector due to the FIFA World Cup (which had a huge success) and the Olympics in Rio de Janeiro. However, there is a lack of tourism applications for Brazil, such as Electronic Tourism Guides (ETGs) for mobile devices. The existence of ETGs that takes into account real world environment is still very rare. By taking into account this scenario, this article presents a ubiquitous tourism model based on augmented reality. The proposed architecture, which is called UbitourAR, takes into account the context awareness focusing on localization-based services allied with user profile and restrictions. This article describes the development of UbitourAR enabling users to interact with the real world environment using augmented reality when visiting a place or point of interest (POI). In order to evaluate the model we had taken two approaches. Firstly, we evaluated the ontology proposed using scenarios. Secondly, we evaluated the usability in terms of efficiency, effectiveness and user satisfaction. For doing that, we developed a mobile application for the Caminhos de Pedra itinerary, in Bento Gonçalves, Brazil. The proposed model extends the previous work of Ubitour by adding augmented reality. The results of the tests showed a user acceptance higher than 80%, which encourages the research in augmented reality allied with ubiquitous tourism.

Many healthcare systems around the world are noted as fragmented, complex and low-quality, leaving patients and caregivers with no choice but to engage in "infrastructuring work" to make it function for them. However, the work patients do to construct their functioning health service systems often remain invisible, with very little resources and technologies available to assist them. This workshop aims to bring together researchers, health practitioners, and patients to examine, discuss, and brainstorm ways to re-envision our healthcare service systems from the perspective of patients and caregivers. We aim to unpack the types of work that patients and caregivers do to reconfigure, reconstruct and adapt the healthcare infrastructure, and to brainstorm design solutions that can provide better infrastructuring assistance to them.

Informal caregivers take care of someone (usually a close family member) who suffers from a chronic illness. In this stressful situation, caregivers have a high risk of depression or loneliness, because their social network is weakened. Most existing proposals focus on helping caregivers fulfill caregiving tasks, instead of providing support for their mental well-being (e.g. identifying early stages of social isolation). We present a prototype ambient interface, called EmoTree, that makes communication frequency tangible by using a metaphor of a tree, and investigate user perception and motivation of use. People found Emotree to be interesting and enjoyable (78%), and useful (54%) unless the user does not suffer some type of problem (69%). Our preliminary results show the interface is easy to use and has an adequate representation of communication frequency. Our next step will make a second assessment with informal caregivers in their real context.