Blood

An Epstein-Barr virus deletion mutant associated with fatal http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary.org/content/97/4/835.full.html Updated information and services can be found at: (372 articles) Plenary Papers (577 articles) Immunotherapy Articles on similar topics can be found in the following Blood collections http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary.org/site/misc/rights.xhtml#repub_requests

The epithelium of the secondary palate from embryonic mice (12-14 days of gestation) was enzymatically separated from the palatal mesenchyme and was cultured in association with mesenchyme from the embryonic tongue, incisor, and salivary gland. The histological differentiation of the epithelium in each type of heterotypic recombination was always palatal. Tongue mesenchyme supported full histodifferentiation of the palatal epithelium, whereas incisor mesenchyme supported only a limited histodifferentiation in the epithelium. Salivary gland mesenchyme in direct combination with palatal epithelium influenced the epithelium to become organized into a system of ducts and acini typical of glandular morphogenesis; histodifferentiation of the epithelium, however, was palatal. Salivary gland mesenchyme grown in isolation did not undergo glandular morphogenesis.

One hundred seventy adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or acute undifferentiated leukemia (AUL) were entered into a prospective multicenter therapy trial at 25 hospitals. The aim of the trial was to improve remission duration by using a modified form of an intensified induction regimen that was successful in childhood ALL, to define immunologic subtypes of ALL by use of cell-surface markers, and to extract other possible prognostic factors. The overall complete remission rate was 77.8%. The median overall survival time was 26 months, being 4 months for nonresponders and 32 months for responders. The median remission duration for the 126 patients with complete remission was 20 months. Prognostically favorable factors for remission duration were response to chemotherapy within 4 weeks, age less than 35 years, a low initial leukocyte count, and the immunologic subtypes c-ALL with early response to therapy and T-ALL, where 61% and 58%, respectively, are still in comp...

We have investigated the haematocrit dependence of the electrical parameters (relative permittivity and conductivity) of blood. The measuring set-up, composed of an impedancemeter (HP 4291A), an open-ended coaxial line and a temperature controlling set, was designed for dielectric measurements in the 1 MHz to 1 GHz frequency range. Measurements were performed on ex vivo animal (cow and sheep) blood at 37 • C. The two dielectric parameters appeared to be strongly dependent on the haematocrit. The permittivity versus frequency decreases then increases when the haematocrit decreases. The conductivity increases in the whole frequency range when the haematocrit decreases. Due to the lack of comparative data on the frequency range explored, we compare the dielectric profiles with those deduced from the Maxwell-Fricke theoretical model.

The CAMPATH-1 family of antibodies recognize an abundant glycoprotein expressed on virtually all human lymphocytes. All rat IgM and IgG antibodies of this specificity are lytic with human complement, but only IgG2b is active in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). We compared the ability of IgM, IgG2a, and IgG2b to deplete lymphocytes in vivo in two patients with prolymphocytic transformation of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The IgM (CAMPATH-1M) produced transient depletion of blood lymphocytes with consumption of complement but had no effect on solid masses or bone marrow. Similar transient depletion of blood lymphocytes was noted with the IgG2a (YTH34.5). In contrast, the IgG2b (CAMPATH-1G) produced long-lasting depletion of lymphocytes from blood and marrow and improvement in splenomegaly but no detectable changes in complement levels. These differences probably reflect the importance of Fc receptor binding for effective clearance of target cells in ...

Use of cuffed oropharyngeal vs laryngeal mask airway in elderly patients Purpose: This study was designed to compare the new cuffed oropharyngeal airway (COPA) to the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) in elderly patients. Methods: In a randomized, controlled study, 80 patients, age ~ 65, ASA I-III, undergoing urology procedures, were managed with either COPA or LMA. Propofol requirements for insertion of the devices, ease of insertion and removal, airway manipulations, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, PETCO 2, SpO 2, peak inspiratory pressure, selection of the appropriate size of the device and leaks, fibreoptic visualization of larynx and complications were studied. l~,stdts: There were more airway manipulations in the COPA group than in the LMA group (40% and 5% respectively) whereas PETCO 2 was higher in the LiVlA group (P <0.05). In 60% of COPA patients the vocal cords could not be visualized but ventilation was adequate in all but two cases. Postoperative sore throat occurred in 20~ of patients with LMA vs 10% with COPA). Bloody secretions on the device were present in two patients managed with LMA. Conclusion: In elderly patients COPA required more airway manipulations than the LMA. Laryngeal mask airway caused more sore throats, but was better for flbreoptic visualisation of the larynx. Both are excellent options when intubation is not indicated/desired. Objectif: La pr6sente &ude a &E men& pour comparer deux appareils utilis& chez des patients ~g~s : la canule oropharyng~e & ballonnet (COPB) et le masque laryng6 (ML). M&hode : Dans une &ude randemis& et contr61~e, on a ins&~ une COPB ou un M L chez 80 patients, ~.g& de 65 ans, ASA I-III, devant subir une intervention urologique. Le propofol n&essaire pendant I'insertion du dispositif, la facilit~ de rinsertion et du retrait, les manipulations requises, la tension art6rielle moyenne, la fr~quence cardiaque, la PETCO2, la SpO 2, la pression inspiratoire de or&e, l'appareil choisi selon la faille approprLae et les fuites, la visualisation fibroscopique du larynx et les complications ont ~t~ 6tudi~s. l~,sultats : l'insertion de la COPB a demand6 plus de manipulations que celle du ML (40 0% et 5 %, respectivement) tandis que la PETCO 2 &ait plus haute avec le ML (P < 0,05). Chez 60 % des patients qui ont regu la COPB, on ne pouvait visualiser les cordes vocales, mais la ventilation 6tait ad6quate chez tous sauf chez deux patients. Des maux de gorge postop&atoires sont survenus chez 20 % des patients avec le ML vs I0 0% avec la COPB). Des s&r~tions sanguinolentes 6taient pr6sentes sur l'appareil de deux patients portant le ML. Conclusion : Chez les patients ~g&, l'insertion de la COPB demande plus de manipulations que celle du ML. Le ML cause davantage de maux de gorge, mais permet une meilleure visualisation fibroscopique du larynx. Les deux dispositifs test6s sont trEs utiles lorsque rintubation n'est pas indiqu6e ou souhait6e.

The colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) is a key regulator of myeloid lineage cells. Genetic loss of the CSF1R blocks the normal population of resident microglia in the brain that originates from the yolk sac during early development. However, the role of CSF1R signaling in microglial homeostasis in the adult brain is largely unknown. To this end, we tested the effects of selective CSF1R inhibitors on microglia in adult mice. Surprisingly, extensive treatment results in elimination of $99% of all microglia brainwide, showing that microglia in the adult brain are physiologically dependent upon CSF1R signaling. Mice depleted of microglia show no behavioral or cognitive abnormalities, revealing that microglia are not necessary for these tasks. Finally, we discovered that the microglia-depleted brain completely repopulates with new microglia within 1 week of inhibitor cessation. Microglial repopulation throughout the CNS occurs through proliferation of nestin-positive cells that then differentiate into microglia. Neuron CSF1R Regulates Resident Microglia Neuron 82, 380-397, April 16, 2014 ª2014 Elsevier Inc. 381

antigen expression and potentiate CD8+ T cell immune responses CD4+ T lymphocytes mediate in vivo clearance of plasmid DNA vaccine (5019 articles) Immunobiology Articles on similar topics can be found in the following Blood collections http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary.org/site/misc/rights.xhtml#repub_requests

Biological debris between modular components using Morse tapers in hip arthroplasty can lead to weakening of the implant construct. We conducted a study to determine the effect of blood and fat within the taper interface. Tapers were divided into groups 1 (clean), 2 (surface covered with blood and fat), and 3 (blood and fat wiped off). Each taper was impacted and disassembled 5 times. There was a difference in mean disassembly force between pulls within group 2. Thus, blood and fat contamination can have a significant effect on the potential for disassembly.

Background Little is known about the risk of blood exposure among personnel providing care to individual patients residing at home. The objective of this study was to document and compare blood exposure risks among unlicensed home care personal care assistants (PCAs) and home care registered nurses (RNs). Methods PCAs self-completed surveys regarding blood and body fluid (BBF) contact in group settings (n ¼ 980), while RNs completed mailed surveys (n ¼ 794). Results PCAs experience BBF contact in the course of providing care for home-based clients at a rate approximately 1/3 the rate experienced by RNs providing home care (8.1 and 26.7 per 100 full time equivalent (FTE), respectively), and the majority of PCA contact episodes did not involve direct sharps handling. However, for PCAs who performed work activities such as handling sharps and changing wound dressings, activities much more frequently performed by RNs, PCAs were at increased risk of injury when compared with RNs (OR ¼ 7.4 vs. 1.4) and (OR ¼ 6.3 vs. 2.5), respectively. Conclusion Both PCAs and RNs reported exposures to sharps, blood, and body fluids in the home setting at rates that warrant additional training, prevention, and protection. PCAs appear to be at increased risk of injury when performing nursing-related activities for which they are inexperienced and/or lack training. Further efforts are needed to protect home care workers from blood exposure, namely by assuring coverage and enforcement of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Bloodborne Pathogen Standard [Occupational Safety and Health Administration. 1993. Frequently Asked Questions Concerning the Bloodborne Pathogens Standard.

Genetic abnormalities and early treatment response are the main prognostic factors in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) is a rare subtype of AML. Deep sequencing has identified CBFA2T3/GLIS2 and NUP98/KDM5A as recurrent aberrations, occurring in similar frequencies as RBM15/MKL1 and KMT2A-rearrangements. We studied whether these cytogenetic aberrations can be used for risk-group stratification. To assess frequencies and outcome parameters of recurrent cytogenetic aberrations in AMKL, samples and clinical data of patients treated by the AIEOP, BFM-SG, COG, DCOG and the Saint Louis Hopital were collected, enabling us to screen 153 newly diagnosed pediatric AMKL cases for the aforementioned aberrations, and to study their clinical characteristics and outcome. CBFA2T3/GLIS2 was identified in 16% of the cases, RBM15/MKL1 in 12%, NUP98/KDM5A and KMT2A-rearrangements in 9% each, and monosomy 7 was identified in 6%. These aberrations were mutually exclusiv...

Autoantibodies neutralizing human ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin-like and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motif), the metalloprotease that physiologically cleaves von Willebrand factor, are a major cause of severe deficiency of the protease and of acquired thrombotic ...

To extend our knowledge on the cytokines possibly involved in the pathophysiology of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL), the mRNA expression of a panel of 10 cytokines was investigated on purified B-CLL cells using a reversetranscriptase polymerase chain reaction method. Whereas negative RT-PCR signals were recorded for interleukin-la

Endogenous DNA damage is causally associated with the functional decline and transformation of stem cells that characterize ageing. DNA lesions that have escaped DNA repair can induce replication stress and genomic breaks that induce senescence and apoptosis. It is not clear how stem and proliferating cells cope with accumulating endogenous DNA lesions, and how these ultimately affect the physiology of cells and tissues. Here we have addressed these questions by investigating the hematopoietic system of mice deficient for Rev1, a core factor in DNA translesion synthesis (TLS), the post-replicative bypass of damaged nucleotides. Rev1 hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells displayed compromised proliferation, and replication stress that could be rescued with an antioxidant. The additional disruption of Xpc, essential for global-genome nucleotide excision repair (ggNER) of helix-distorting nucleotide lesions, resulted in the perinatal loss of hematopoietic stem cells, progressive loss...

Protestant and Catholic martyrologies evolved in dialogue; however, they did not articulate a common conception of martyrdom. Viewing Protestant and Catholic martyrologies and notions of martyrdom as essentially similar obscures highly significant confessional differences, which generated fiercely opposed constructions of martyrdom. This argument is examined through an analysis of the treatment of martyrs’ blood in English martyrological texts, since this encapsulated core confessional theologies.

in minimal GVHD with retention of antitumor activity In vivo trafficking and survival of cytokine-induced killer cells resulting http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary.org/content/112/6/2563.full.html Updated information and services can be found at: (1882 articles) Transplantation Articles on similar topics can be found in the following Blood collections http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary.org/site/misc/rights.xhtml#repub_requests

Acquired activated protein C resistance (APCR) has been hypothesized as a possible mechanism by which antiphospholipid antibodies (APLAs) cause thrombotic events (TEs). However, available evidence for an association of acquired APCR with APLAs is limited. More importantly, an association of acquired APCR with TEs has not been demonstrated. The objective of the study was to determine, in pediatric patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), whether (1) acquired APCR is associated with the presence of APLAs, (2) APCR is associated with TEs, and (3) there is an interaction between APCR and APLAs in association with TEs. A cross-sectional cohort study of 59 consecutive, nonselected children with SLE was conducted. Primary clinical outcomes were symptomatic TEs, confirmed by objective radiographic tests. Laboratory testing included lupus anticoagulants (LAs), anticardiolipin antibodies (ACLAs), APC ratio, protein S, protein C, and factor V Leiden. The results revealed that TEs occurred in 10 (17%) of 59 patients. Acquired APCR was present in 18 (31%) of 58 patients. Acquired APCR was significantly associated with the presence of LAs but not ACLAs. Acquired APCR was also significantly associated with TEs. There was significant interac-tion between APCR and LAs in the association with TEs. Presence of both APCR and LAs was associated with the highest risk of a TE. Protein S and protein C concentrations were not associated with the presence of APLAs, APCR, or TEs. Presence of acquired APCR is a marker identifying LA-positive patients at high risk of TEs. Acquired APCR may reflect interference of LAs with the protein C pathway that may represent a mechanism of LA-associated TEs. (Blood. 2001;97: 844-849)

Accumulation of CD3(+) T-cell receptor (TCR)αβ(+)CD4(-)CD8(-) double-negative T cells (DNT) is a hallmark of autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS). DNT origin and differentiation pathways remain controversial. Here we show that human ALPS DNT have features of terminally differentiated effector memory T cells reexpressing CD45RA(+) (TEMRA), but are CD27(+)CD28(+)KLRG1(-) and do not express the transcription factor T-bet. This unique phenotype was also detected among CD4(+) or CD8(+) ALPS TEMRA cells. T-cell receptor β deep sequencing revealed a significant fraction of shared CDR3 sequences between ALPS DNT and both CD4(+) and CD8(+)TEMRA cells. Moreover, in ALPS patients with a germ line FAS mutation and somatic loss of heterozygosity, in whom biallelic mutant cells can be tracked by absent Fas expression, Fas-negative T cells accumulated not only among DNT, but also among CD4(+) and CD8(+)TEMRA cells. These data indicate that in human Fas deficiency DNT cannot only derive f...

PURPOSE To update the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)/American Society of Hematology (ASH) recommendations for use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) in patients with cancer. METHODS PubMed and the Cochrane Library were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses of RCTs in patients with cancer published from January 31, 2010, through May 14, 2018. For biosimilar ESAs, the literature search was expanded to include meta-analyses and RCTs in patients with cancer or chronic kidney disease and cohort studies in patients with cancer due to limited RCT evidence in the cancer setting. ASCO and ASH convened an Expert Panel to review the evidence and revise previous recommendations as needed. RESULTS The primary literature review included 15 meta-analyses of RCTs and two RCTs. A growing body of evidence suggests that adding iron to treatment with an ESA may improve hematopoietic response and reduce the likelihood of RBC transfusion. The biosimilar...

In 2003, an international working group last reported on recommendations for diagnosis, response assessment, and treatment outcomes in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Since that time, considerable progress has been made in elucidating the molecular pathogenesis of the disease that has resulted in the identification of new diagnostic and prognostic markers. Furthermore, therapies are now being developed that target disease-associated molecular defects. Recent developments prompted an international expert panel to provide updated evidence- and expert opinion–based recommendations for the diagnosis and management of AML, that contain both minimal requirements for general practice as well as standards for clinical trials. A new standardized reporting system for correlation of cytogenetic and molecular genetic data with clinical data is proposed.

Background: Conventional methods for isolation and antibiotic susceptibility reports of bacterial isolates from positive blood culture bottles takes at least 48 hours. Direct susceptibility testing (DST) helps reduce the time to AST results by 24 hours enabling early initiation of treatment. Materials and Methods: Blood cultures flagged positive by the Bactec or BacT ALERT systems between July and October 2016 were analyzed by Grams stain. Direct susceptibility test was performed on the broths with monomicrobial growth using the guidelines prescribed by British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (BSAC). Simultaneously routine culture and susceptibility testing were also carried out for all the isolates. Results: Both gram negative and gram positive organisms were subjected to DST. Out of 30 Gram positive isolates subjected to DST, (n=6) were Enterococcus species and (n=24) Staphylococcus species. Out of 30 Gram negative isolates subjected to DST,the species tested were Klebsiella spp (n=6), Escherichia coli (n=5), Acinetobacter spp (n=7), Pseudomonas (n=1), Morganella (n=1), Salmonella spp (n=10) in number. Conclusions: Direct susceptibility testing enables clinicians to start antimicrobial therapy 24hrs earlier than the routine culture and susceptibility testing, thus reducing the mortality and morbidity in patients with blood stream infections. A high level of concordance was seen between DST and reference method.

umented in 3.5% of episodes, but was strongly influenced bidity and mortality in sickle cell disease (SCD). Previous by age (14% of infants and 1.8% of patients Û10 years). ACS studies reported conflicting pictures of ACS making therawas most common in winter with children having the most peutic interventions difficult. The Cooperative Study of striking increase. Transfusion was used less frequently, but Sickle Cell Disease prospectively followed 3,751 patients enearlier in children. Young children were hospitalized for 5.4 rolled from birth to 66 years of age for ACS. Data on presentdays versus 9 days for adults. Fifty percent of adults had a ing signs and symptoms, laboratory findings, and hospital pain event in the 2 weeks preceding ACS and children were course were collected. There were 1,722 ACS episodes in more likely to have febrile events. The death rate was four 939 patients. Young children (age 2 to 4 years) presented times higher in adults than in children. Fatal cases generally with fever and cough, a negative physical exam, and rarely developed rapid pulmonary failure and one third were assohad pain. Adults were often afebrile and complained of ciated with bacteremia. Age has a striking effect on the clinishortness of breath, chills, and severe pain. Upper lobe discal picture of ACS. In children, ACS was milder and more ease was more common in children; multilobe and lower likely due to infection, whereas in adults ACS was severe, lobe disease affected adults more often. Severe hypoxia ocassociated with pain and had a higher mortality rate. curred in 18% of adults tested and could not be predicted ᭧

Background: The objectives of the study were to characterize the expression of the αand β-subunits of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) receptor in bovine cumulus cells and oocytes and to determine the effect of exogenous GM-CSF on cumulus cells expansion, oocyte maturation, IGF-2 transcript expression and subsequent competence for embryonic development.

capillary tube formation CD13/APN is activated by angiogenic signals and is essential for http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary.org/content/97/3/652.full.html Updated information and services can be found at: (2497 articles) Hemostasis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology (1086 articles) Gene Expression Articles on similar topics can be found in the following Blood collections http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary.

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of intensity-modulated whole pelvic radiotherapy (IM-WPRT) on acute hematologic toxicity (HT) in gynecology patients. Methods and Materials: Between February 2000 and June 2001, 36 patients (24 cervix, 12 uterus) received IM-WPRT. The target consisted of the upper vagina, parametria, uterus, and presacral and pelvic lymph nodes.

To evaluate our diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines, clinical and long-term follow-up data of 219 patients with primary or secondary cutaneous CD30 ؉ lymphoproliferative disorders were evaluated. The study group included 118 patients with lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP; group 1), 79 patients with primary cutaneous CD30 ؉ large T-cell lymphoma (LTCL; group 2), 11 patients with CD30 ؉ LTCL and skin and regional lymph node involvement (group 3), and 11 patients with secondary cutaneous CD30 ؉ LTCL (group 4). Patients with LyP often did not receive any specific treatment, whereas most patients with primary cutaneous CD30 ؉ LTCL were treated with radiotherapy or excision. All patients with skin-limited disease from groups 1 and 2 who were treated with multiagent chemotherapy had 1 or more skin relapses. The calculated risk for systemic disease within 10 years of diagnosis was 4% for group 1, 16% for group 2, and 20% for group 3 (after initial therapy). Disease-related 5-year-survival rates were 100% (group 1), 96% (group 2), 91% (group 3), and 24% (group 4), respectively. The results confirm the favorable prognoses of these primary cutaneous CD30 ؉ lymphoproliferative disorders and underscore that LyP and primary cutaneous CD30 ؉ lympho-mas are closely related conditions. They also indicate that CD30 ؉ LTCL on the skin and in 1 draining lymph node station has a good prognosis similar to that for primary cutaneous CD30 ؉ LTCL without concurrent lymph node involvement. Multiagent chemotherapy is only indicated for patients with full-blown or developing extracutaneous disease; it is never or rarely indicated for patients with skinlimited CD30 ؉ lymphomas. (Blood. 2000; 95:3653-3661)

Research has clarified the properties required for polymers that resist bacterial colonisation for use in medical devices. The increase in antibiotic-resistant microorganisms has prompted interest in the use of silver as an antimicrobial agent. Silver-based polymers can protect the inner and outer surfaces of devices against the attachment of microorganisms. Thus, this review focuses on the mechanisms of various silver forms as antimicrobial agents against different microorganisms and biofilms as well as the dissociation of silver ions and the resulting reduction in antimicrobial efficacy for medical devices. This work suggests that the characteristics of released silver ions depend on the nature of the silver antimicrobial used and the polymer matrix. In addition, the elementary silver, silver zeolite and silver nanoparticles, used in polymers or as coatings could be used as antimicrobial biomaterials for a variety of promising applications.

The aim of this study was to develop a new approach to testing the impact of nickel antigen on in vitro cell-proliferation assay, to identify adverse reactions to casting alloys among orthodontic patients. Cellproliferation assay in vitro was used as the basic methodology to assess the influence of such variables as source of nickel antigen, type of serum used to supplement the culture medium, and number of cells in the culture. We selected 35 orthodontic patients who were classified as nickel sensitive and non-nickel sensitive, based on their clinical records. Our results showed that hexahydrated nickel sulfate at 10 g/mL, 10% of autologous sera, and 2 ϫ 10 5 cells was the best condition for inducing the most marked nickel proliferation response in vitro. This optimized method was able to distinguish nickel-sensitive from non-nickel-sensitive dental patients and also to discriminate those with positive skin tests. Our data suggest that continuous exposure to nickel casting alloys might lead to oral tolerance mechanisms that modulate nickel sensitivity, as evidenced by the lower cell proliferation index in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment over 24 months. Finally, our findings demonstrated a known nickel-induced type 2 immune response and a marked lack of type 1 immunity (interferon ␥) as the hallmarks of nickel-sensitive patients. Further studies are needed to clarify the major cell phenotype associated with this type 2 immune response and the lack of type 1 immunity observed in nickel-sensitive people.

premature infant remains a problem. For fluid-overloaded patients in whom conservative management (i.e., fluid restriction, diuretics) fails, the choice has been either peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis. Although hemodialysis in small infants has been successfully performed, ~ peritoneal dialysis is technically simpler, does not require highly trained personnel, and is the procedure of choice in most neonatal ICUs?-3 Peritoneal dialysis, however, entails the risks of catheter placement; furthermore, intra-abdominal disease or a coagulopathy may render this procedure dangerous or impossible. Hemodialysis is a hazardous and arduous technique in the neonate, requiring substantial extracorporeal blood volume and flow that can cause rapid osmotic shifts, with the concomitant risks of hypotension and dysequilibrium. 1,4, 5 We report the application of continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration for the treatment of renal failure with fluid overload. This modality does not require highly trained personnel or special equipment. A short extracorporeal circuit allows the gradual removal of water and solutes. The patient's own systemic blood pressure provides the driving force for blood flow through a hollow-fiber hemofilter? CASE REPORT This 1300 gm infant girl was born after 32 weeks gestation to a 28-year-old woman who had a history of five spontaneous first

Ž. Aflatoxin B AFB is classified as a Group I hepatocarcinogen in humans by the International Agency for Research on 1 1 Ž. Cancer IARC. The alkaline Comet assay is a simple and rapid method by which DNA damage can be demonstrated as a function of tail moment. The present work is the first to evaluate the genotoxicity of AFB in fish using the Comet assay. 1 Two different species of fish were selected as models due to previously established sensitivity to AFB : rainbow trout 1 Ž. Ž. sensitive and channel catfish resistant. Fish were i.p. injected with 0.5 mg AFB r1 ml DMSOr1 kg body weight. The 1 Comet assay was performed after 4 and 24 h on whole blood, liver, and kidney cells of both species. Trout blood and kidney Ž. Ž. tissue tested displayed significant p-0.05 and extensive DNA damage shown by increased tail moment after 4 h which then decreased by 24 h. In liver cells, damage progressively increased over time. Conversely, similarly treated catfish showed no elevation in DNA damage over controls at the same doses. These results suggest that the Comet assay is a useful tool for monitoring the genotoxicity of mycotoxins such as AFB and for evaluating organ specific effects of these agents in 1 different species.

The use of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) biosimilars for peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell (PBSC) mobilization has stimulated an ongoing debate regarding their efficacy and safety. However, the use of biosimilar G-CSF was approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for all the registered indications of the originator G-CSF (Neupogen (®) ) including mobilization of stem cells. Here, we performed a comprehensive review of published reports on the use of biosimilar G-CSF covering patients with hematological malignancies as well as healthy donors that underwent stem cell mobilization at multiple centers using site-specific non-randomized regimens with a biosimilar G-CSF in the autologous and allogeneic setting. A total of 904 patients mostly with hematological malignancies as well as healthy donors underwent successful autologous or allogeneic stem cell mobilization, respectively, using a biosimilar G-CSF (520 with Ratiograstim®/Tevagrastim, 384 with Zarzio®)....

We designed and ran an experiment to test how often people's choices are reversed by others' recommendations when facing different levels of confirmation and conformity pressures. In our experiment participants were first asked to provide their preferences between pairs of items. They were then asked to make second choices about the same pairs with knowledge of others' preferences. Our results show that others people's opinions significantly sway people's own choices. The influence is stronger when people are required to make their second decision sometime later (22.4%) than immediately (14.1%). Moreover, people are most likely to reverse their choices when facing a moderate number of opposing opinions. Finally, the time people spend making the first decision significantly predicts whether they will reverse their decisions later on, while demographics such as age and gender do not. These results have implications for consumer behavior research as well as online marketing strategies.