Clinoptilolite

A special edition of the book “Science Without Borders”  is dedicated to the most important problem of modern civilization at present - the fight against a pandemic of COVID-19.
The authors of this issue offer their concept of reducing the risks of coronavirus infection and mortality from it before the advent of the vaccine.
Based on the analysis of long-term clinical and laboratory tests of the drug “«AZEOMED»”, the authors give convincing arguments in support of the possibility of effective use of the drug “«AZEOMED»” in the process of prevention and treatment of COVID-19.
Clinical and laboratory studies of the mineral composition “«AZEOMED»” were coordinated and funded by the International Scientific and Technical Complex "Intergeo-Tethys". The book contains data on analogues of the drug AZEOMED produced in different countries.

Availability of quality-certified water is pertinent to the production of food and pharmaceutical products. Adverse effects of manganese content of water on the corrosion of vessels and reactors necessitate that process water is scrutinized for allowable concentration levels before being applied in the production processes. In this research, optimization of the adsorption process conditions germane to the removal of manganese from biotreated palm oil mill effluent (BPOME) using zeolite 3A subsequent to a comparative adsorption with clinoptilolite was studied. A face-centered central composite design (FCCCD) of the response surface methodology (RSM) was adopted for the study. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for response surface quadratic model revealed that the model was significant with dosage and agitation speed connoting the main significant process factors for the optimization. R2 of 0.9478 yielded by the model was in agreement with predicted R2. Langmuir and pseudo-second-order suggest the adsorption mechanism involved monolayer adsorption and cation exchanging. Water Environ. Res., 87 (2015). KEYWORDS: adsorption, equilibrium, optimization, manganese, 3A molecular sieve zeolite, isotherms, kinetics, response surface methodology, clinoptilolite.

Photodegradation of a phenol wastewater sample with ZnO–TiO2 supported on
nano-clinoptilolite particles (NCP) was studied. NCP were obtained by planetary ball mill.
The proposed catalyst was obtained via ion exchanging of NCP with Zn(NO3)2∙6H2O and
C4H10N2O10Ti∙H2O (0.2 M) aqueous solutions for 12 h followed by calcination at 450°C for
12 h. XRD, FT-IR, and TEM were used for characterization of samples. The best degradation
efficiency was related to the catalyst containing both ZnO and TiO2. The optimum values
were 0.1 g L−1 of photocatalyst, 100 times diluted wastewater solution, and pH of 3.0 in
photodegradation studies.

Sorption of the Zn 2+ and Ni 2+ ions by the Na +-enriched natural clinoptilolite (Na-CLI) from aqueous solutions containing both Zn 2+ and Ni 2+ ions at a range of concentrations has been studied at 298, 308, and 318 K. It was found that the sorption of a particular ion by Na-CLI increases with the increase in the initial concentration of the solution of that ion. At a given initial concentration, the sorption degree increases with temperature. Also, the sorption of a particular ion is greater when the initial solution contains a second ion than it is when the particular ion is present alone. The sorption kinetics is in accord with the pseudo-second-order reaction rate model. The values of the k 2 rate constant do not show a regular change with the initial Zn 2+ /Ni 2+ concentrations probably because the presence of the second ion has a significant effect on the reaction rate. Thermodynamic study has shown that the sorption is exothermic, occurring spontaneously in the 298-318 K range and with a positive entropy change.

A polymer composite of polypropylene (PP) and clinoptilolite (CLI) for the adsorption of lead has been prepared using the melt-mixing compounding technique in a rheomixer. Characterization of the composite was performed using scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunuer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The influence of contact time, pH, initial metal-ion concentration, temperature, and pretreatment on the adsorption of lead (Pb) by the PP-CLI composite was investigated. Optimum pH was found to be between pH 6 and pH 8 while the maximum sorption of lead at optimal pH was 95%. No difference was observed between the adsorption behavior of composites functionalized with 20% and 30% clinoptilolite, respectively, while the pretreatment with HCl and NaCl made a slight difference to the adsorption capacity of composites. The findings from this study on the lead adsorption behavior of CLI-PP co...

The present work studies the tuffs associated with the volcanic area of the Paleogene Sheinovets caldera, located on the southeastern part of the Rhodope massif, in Bulgaria. Its purpose is to describe the mineralogical and geochemical composition of the zeolitized volcaniclastic deposits in the broader area of Petrota village, in the northwesternmost part of the Greek regional unit of Evros, in northeast Greece. The samples studied in this work were collected from seven (7) different locations, covering an area of almost 4 km in length and 2 km in width. Macroscopically, the samples display a greyish-green hue and they are widespread in the area of study. They often contain fragments of the crystalline metamorphic basement (mica-schists, phyllites, amphibolites, quartzites) and/or rhyolitic clasts. A rhyolitic outcrop of greyish-pink hue is observed in the Mavri Petra region, probably related to the Rupelian acid volcanism that occurred in the Sheinovets caldera. The mineralogy of the tuffs was studied under light polarizing microscope and using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and it was further confirmed by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) method. The initial matrix of the tuffs consisted predominantly of glass shards that are now partly or fully altered into zeolites and clay minerals, such as celadonite, displaying characteristic pseudomorphic structures. The dominant zeolite is clinoptilolite, while in some areas the presence of mordenite is also noticed. Feldspar phenocrysts are abundant, and they are represented by plagioclase and sanidine. Although quartz crystals can be observed under light-polarizing microscope solely in metamorphic fragments, the presence of silica polymorphs was also confirmed through SEM and XRPD analysis, with quartz and cristobalite prevailing. The mineralogical assemblage includes phenocrysts of biotite and in some cases amphiboles, while pyroxene, epidote, garnet, titanite, apatite, zircon, ilmenite, magnetite and rutile are additional minerals which have been identified locally in accessory quantities. Chemical analysis was carried out for major and trace elements, using the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) method and 4 Acid digestion ICP-MS analysis, respectively. The samples of Mavri Petra region, exhibit high concentrations in Cu, Pb, Mn, V, P and W. The analyzed concentrations of U in the area of Palaeokklisi are relatively high in comparison to the rest due to its proximity to a fault. Towards the northwestern study area, close to the Greek-Bulgarian border, the concentrations of Sr appear to be particularly high, probably because the area is closer to the volcanic centre.

The present work studies the tuffs associated with the volcanic area of the Paleogene Sheinovets caldera, located on the southeastern part of the Rhodope massif, in Bulgaria. Its purpose is to describe the mineralogical and geochemical composition of the zeolitized volcaniclastic deposits in the broader area of Petrota village, in the northwesternmost part of the Greek regional unit of Evros, in northeast Greece. The samples studied in this work were collected from seven (7) different locations, covering an area of almost 4 km in length and 2 km in width. Macroscopically, the samples display a greyish-green hue and they are widespread in the area of study. They often contain fragments of the crystalline metamorphic basement (mica-schists, phyllites, amphibolites, quartzites) and/or rhyolitic clasts. A rhyolitic outcrop of greyish-pink hue is observed in the Mavri Petra region, probably related to the Rupelian acid volcanism that occurred in the Sheinovets caldera. The mineralogy of ...

A polymer composite of polypropylene (PP) and clinoptilolite (CLI) for the adsorption of lead has been prepared using the melt-mixing compounding technique in a rheomixer. Characterization of the composite was performed using scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunuer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The influence of contact time, pH, initial metal-ion concentration, temperature, and pretreatment on the adsorption of lead (Pb) by the PP-CLI composite was investigated. Optimum pH was found to be between pH 6 and pH 8 while the maximum sorption of lead at optimal pH was 95%. No difference was observed between the adsorption behavior of composites functionalized with 20% and 30% clinoptilolite, respectively, while the pretreatment with HCl and NaCl made a slight difference to the adsorption capacity of composites. The findings from this study on the lead adsorption behavior of CLI-PP co...

The unstable glassy component of the Oligocene tuffaceous sediments of the Metaxades area, Thrace, Greece, has undergone xtensive zeolitic diagenetic alteration. The authigenic minerals occur as crypto- to micro-crystalline aggregates making up most of the matrix in the altered tufts and as precipitates in cavities produced by dissolved glass fragments. Glass-shard pseudomorphs are ubiqui-tous and most of them are partly filled by one or more of the minerals mectite, heulandite, mordenite and silica. The heulandite group zeolites are mostly high-silica calcium-rich eulandites showing intermediate thermal behaviour between most heulandites and clinoptilolites. Their Si/AI ratios are similar to clinoptilolite (4.74-5.19) but their divalent/monovalent ca ion ratios (1.5-3.24) are partly superposed onto the ratios of heulandite group 1 and 2 and differ considerably from the values of the relevant ratio in clinoptilolite. Rare K-rich clinoptilolite crystals have been identified in one sa...

The present work studies the tuffs associated with the volcanic area of the Paleogene Sheinovets caldera, located on the southeastern part of the Rhodope massif, in Bulgaria. Its purpose is to describe the mineralogical and geochemical composition of the zeolitized volcaniclastic deposits in the broader area of Petrota village, in the northwesternmost part of the Greek regional unit of Evros, in northeast Greece. The samples studied in this work were collected from seven (7) different locations, covering an area of almost 4 km in length and 2 km in width. Macroscopically, the samples display a greyish-green hue and they are widespread in the area of study. They often contain fragments of the crystalline metamorphic basement (mica-schists, phyllites, amphibolites, quartzites) and/or rhyolitic clasts. A rhyolitic outcrop of greyish-pink hue is observed in the Mavri Petra region, probably related to the Rupelian acid volcanism that occurred in the Sheinovets caldera. The mineralogy of ...

Objective. To determine whether short term supplemantation at two levels (1 or 2 g/kg) of clinoptilolite (CLNP) in the colostrum of dairy calves had any effect on total weight gain (TWG) and mean daily gain of weight (mdwg). Materials and methods. A total of 24 clinically healthy calves without diarrhea were assigned in a subset of three major groups of calves were studied: group I (n=8) received colostrum with clnp at the rate of 1/kg started immediately following calving at 12 and 24 hours, for a total of 2 doses. Group II consisted of calves (n=8) receiving colostrum with clnp at the rate of 2/kg within the same interval as the first experimental group. The last group III, which served as control, received solely colostrum. Results. Group had significant effect on weight (kg) of Holstein calves [twg (mean±SE)-control: 12.66±0.349, group I: 14.73±0.414, group II: 14.19±0.468, p<0.01; mdwg (mean±SE)-control: 0.338±0.0155, group I: 0.396±0.0189, group II: 0.397±0.0196, p<0.05]. There was a significant difference observed for twg (p<0.01) and mdwg (p<0.05) among control group and both clnp treatment groups. Conclusions. The results showed that the addition of both levels of clinoptilolite administration via colostrum appeared to enhance twg and mdwg in newborn calves without having any observable adverse effect.

The present work studies the tuffs associated with the volcanic area of the Paleogene Sheinovets caldera, located on the southeastern part of the Rhodope massif, in Bulgaria. Its purpose is to describe the mineralogical and geochemical composition of the zeolitized volcaniclastic deposits in the broader area of Petrota village, in the northwesternmost part of the Greek regional unit of Evros, in northeast Greece. The samples studied in this work were collected from seven (7) different locations, covering an area of almost 4 km in length and 2 km in width. Macroscopically, the samples display a greyish-green hue and they are widespread in the area of study. They often contain fragments of the crystalline metamorphic basement (mica-schists, phyllites, amphibolites, quartzites) and/or rhyolitic clasts. A rhyolitic outcrop of greyish-pink hue is observed in the Mavri Petra region, probably related to the Rupelian acid volcanism that occurred in the Sheinovets caldera. The mineralogy of ...

Mixed-adsorption drying with material using zeolite is an option to improve product quality and energy efficiency of drying seeds. In this case, zeolite and seeds are mixed and fluidized by warm air as drying medium. The air will desorb water from seed, and at the same time, zeolite will adsorb vapor from air. Thus, the driving force of drying can be kept high. However, in Indonesia, the zeolite with high adsorption capacity is hardly found in market. This research studied the activation of natural zeolite using two different methods: by heating at 200-400oC, and adding NaOH 0.5-2.0 N. Results showed that the adsorbing capacity of zeolite activated by 1.0 N NaOH is 0.170 gr water/gr dry zeolite. While, by heating at 300oC for 3 hours, is 0.140 gr water loaded/gr dry zeolite. With the performance, zeolite can be used for drying application. Keywords: zeolite, fluidized, adsorption, drying, activation

Clinoptilolite (CL) has been sonochemically modified by using NaCl solution and applying a 35 kHz ultrasound in 30 min and at 60 o C. The modified clinoptlolite (SNa–CL) has been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), laser scattering, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms. Results showed that the sonochemical modification process could reduce particle size, enhance effective cation exchange capacity from 0.10 to 1.58 meq/g, and enlarge the surface area of CL from 31.14 to 37.25 m2/g The cadmium removal efficiency of the modified CL was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) with central composite design (CCD). Under the optimal condition with pH of 6.3, the contact time of 309 min, Cd initial concentration of 79.41 mg/L, and SNa–CL dosage of 7.02 g/L, the removal efficiency reached 99%. The adsorption kinetics was obeyed the second-order model and controlled by multiple steps. The ...

Vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides L.) is a multipurpose plant which plays important role in soil conservation due to its deep roots. Since the soil in most regions of Iran is poor in organic matter, it is necessary to apply proper soil amendments to optimize plant growth. A completely randomized factorial experiment with three replications was done in the research greenhouse of Malayer University to evaluate the combined effect of zeolite and compost on quantitative (i.e. shoot dry weight and root dry weight) and qualitative (i.e. chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids, relative water content, and proline) characteristics of Vetiver grass. Compost was added at four levels of zero (control), 20, 40, and 60 percent by volume and zeolite was added at five levels of zero (control), 10, 20, 30, and 40 g to the soil (five kg) of the pots containing scions. The results demonstrated that the applied treatments had a significant effect on all the measured traits. The concentrations of chlorophyll a and b and carotenoids significantly increased (p≤ 0.05) under the effect of different levels of compost and zeolite. Although the leaf relative water content (RWC) increased in some of the treatments (Z2C3, Z2C4, Z4C1, and Z5C3), in general, it decreased significantly compared to the control treatment. In addition, the shoot and root dry weights increased significantly under the effect of all fertilizer levels. In our study applying fertilizers had a positive effect on the quantitative and qualitative performance of Vetiver grass.

On the basis of the previous studies, the aim of this research is to extend and detail the geological mapping of zeolitized volcanoclastic units outcropping in Eastern Logudoro (NW-Sardinia). These Tertiary products, essentially pyroclastic and epiclastic rocks, are related to the parossistic manifestations of calc-alcaline magmatism, rhyodacitic to rhyolitic in composition in this area. Preliminary results, based on XRPD analyses, show that a zeolitization is present also in this sector, generally closely associated with the major faults.

WOS: 000518838900032Aim: Zeolites are tectosilicates which appear as minerals in nature and can also be synthesized in the laboratory conditions. Clinoptilolite is a natural zeolite which has ion exchanging and adsorbent characteristics. We have aimed to display the effect of clinoptilolite to apoptotic, autophagic and antioxidant characteristics of cancer cell lines under oxidative stress conditions. Material and Methods: the cytotoxicity of clinoptilolite was evaluated using the MTT assay. the total antioxidant status was measured by the total antioxidant status (TAS) detection kit. the western blotting analysis was performed in order to assess the protein expression levels of the apoptosis and to autophagy markers like Beclin1, Bcl-2 and LC3B. Results: 24 hours incubation of cancer cells with clinoptilolite reduced cell proliferation in a dose dependent manner. Clinoptilolite lowered the autophagy in cancer cells, in particular, directing the cells towards apoptosis and leading t...

Using transesterifiction of sunflower oil, olive oil and waste cooking oil with methanol and heterogeneous catalyst made by clinoptilolite, biodiesel was obtained. With molar ratio of alcohol to oil 1:7 and mentioned catalyst (3 wt%), yield of biodiesel from sunflower oil, cooking waste oil and olive oil were: 97%, 95% & 92% respectively. SEM images showed the average particle sizeof 342.44 nm. FTIR spectrum showedno impurity in produced biodiesel. The products were compared to the consuming Petro-dieselin Tehran according ASTM standard cloud point, pour point, freezing point, cetane number, iodine value, saponification number, heating value, acid value, viscosity, density andflash point.