Control Method

Ticks feed on blood, are vectors of tickborne diseases and cause considerable skin damage to livestock. They are commonly controlled using commercial acaricides, which are expensive to the rural farmers, causing them to resort to alternative tick control methods. The objective of this study was to assess the acaricidal properties and safety of some materials (Ptaeroxylon obliquum, Aloe ferox, Lantana camara, Tagetes minuta, Used engine oil and Jeyes fluid, used by rural farmers to control cattle ticks in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. A total of 52 cattle were divided into 13 experimental groups with 4 cattle in each. Jeyes fluid at 76.8% concentration and Used engine oil had an efficacy that was almost similar to that of the positive control Ektoban® (Cymiazol 17.5 and cypermethrin 2.5%). Extracts of L. camara at 40% concentration had an efficacy of 57% while A. ferox, P. obliquum and T. minuta were not effective. The test materials had no irritation effect on rats. The study revealed that the materials rural farmers use as acaricides vary in their efficacy in controlling ticks.

In this paper, hybrid control synthesis is proposed for a class of 2-degrees-of-freedom (DOF) underactuated mechanical systems with Coulomb friction in the joints. The control objective is to regulate both actuated and unactuated joints to desired positions. The proposed synthesis combines second-order sliding-mode (SOSM) control methods and a pure technical solution of imposing a relatively stronger dry friction on the unactuated joint as compared to that of the actuated joint. This design feature allows us to decouple the hybrid synthesis procedure into two steps. At the first step, a SOSM control algorithm is utilized to drive the unactuated link to the desired position in finite time. Once this task is achieved, the control input is switched to another SOSM algorithm which drives the actuated link to its desired position. As the amplitude of the controller used at the second step is smaller than the Coulomb friction level in the unactuated link, but it is greater than that in the actuated link, the unactuated link remains at rest, whereas the actuated link is regulated to the endpoint of interest. Performance issues of the developed synthesis, including robustness features of the closed-loop system, are illustrated in an experimental study made for a laboratory horizontal 2-DOF pendulum.

There are problems controlling autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) because they are nonlinear and coupled and have external environmental disturbances acting on the vehicle. More difficulties arise when the vehicle tasks require precise positioning and control as in military missions. This paper presents an integrated guidance and control method for an AUV. The algorithm is based on an optimal control method called shrinking horizon model predictive control (SHMPC). Scenarios for reconnaissance and reacquisition in mine countermeasures missions are explored applying SHMPC. In addition, there are scenarios with obstacle avoidance. Simulations of this method show the control method is able to systematically handle disturbances and constraints to successfully maneuver through volatile areas.

Nitrogen fertilization and winter pruning are commonly used to control crop production in peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] orchards. They are also known to affect the dynamics of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Homoptera: Aphididae) aphid populations via bottom-up regulation processes. Interactions between crops and pests can cause complex system behaviour in response to management practices. An integrated approach will therefore improve the understanding of the effects of these two cultural practices on aphid and peach performances.

Builders of groupware writing technologies need a better understanding of collaborative writing if their systems are to adequately address user needs. This paper presents a taxonomy of joint writing based on an analysis of interviews with authors who have written documents together. The taxonomy describes joint writing in terms of four components: roles played in the collaboration, activities performed in

In this paper our aim is to show the viability of preserving the hyperbolicity of a master/ salve pair of chaotic systems under different types of nonlinear modifications to its Jacobian matrix. Furthermore, we shall provide evidence to show that linear control methods used to achieve synchronization between master and slave systems are preserved under such transformations. We propose to modify both the coefficients of the Jacobian matrix's associated characteristic polynomial through power evaluation as well as through matrix polynomial evaluation. To illustrate the results we present examples of several well known chaotic and hyperchaotic dynamical systems that have been modified using both methodologies.

A small-scale photovoltaic powered reverse osmosis plant is designed to operate at variable flow/pressure in equatorial areas, enabling it to make efficient use of the naturally varying solar resource. A derivation of a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for the photovoltaic (PV) array has been designed to increase the efficiency of the whole system The control method combines feedforward and feedback voltage control systems from given set of rules. As a first phase, a simulation model was developed and validated by experimental results, obtained from a laboratory prototype. The implemented MPPT algorithm demonstrated cost-effectiveness, simplicity and good efficiency, comparable to others algorithms.

DISCLAIMER: The readers should apply their own judgement and skills when using the information contained in this paper. Although the authors have made every effort to ensure that the information in this report is correct at the time of publication, Akcelik & Associates Pty Ltd excludes all liability for loss arising from the contents of the paper or from its use. Akcelik and Associates does not endorse products or manufacturers. Any trade or manufacturers ' names appear in this paper only because they are considered essential for the purposes of this document.

Thirty concrete mixes of differing water-binder ratio containing 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 % laterite as a partial replacement for sand were used to prepare laterized concrete specimens for the study of the effect of nonstandard curing methods on the strength of specimen. The effectiveness of a curing method was measured quantitatively as the ratio of the compressive strength of specimen cured using the non-standard method to those cursed using the standard water-curing method specified in the BS1881: Part 3:1970 (control). The results of the investigation show that with continuous wetting of the nonstandard curing media by sprinkling with water, the strength of the concrete obtained could be comparable to those cured using the control method. Of the four nonstandard curing methods considered in the study it was observed that the strength of sand- and sawdust-cured specimen were in some instances the same as or higher than those of the standard cured specimens at early age (7 days). ...

The requirement for high accuracy in dynamic positioning of remotely operated vehicles (ROV), especially when tasks close to underwater structures have to be performed, demands high precision of sensor systems. Taut-wire and passive arm systems can satisfy this demand in measuring ROVs positions and orientations relative to a structure. However, the main drawback of these sensor systems is that additional forces act on ROVs due to the mechanical connection. In order to solve this problem, an adaptive PD controller is proposed and designed for dynamic positioning of ROVs working in close proximity of structures. Invoking the adaptation law, these additional forces caused by the passive arm and umbilical, and even by the uncertainties in gravity and buoyancy can be identified and compensated. By choosing an adequate Lyapunov candidate function, the system's stability is proven. The effectiveness of this design control method is demonstrated by means of numerical simulations and experiments.

This paper presents the performance of an instantaneous torque control method. The simulation and experimental results illustrate the capability of Switched Reluctance Motors (SRM) being used in the motor drive industry. Based on experimental data, the advantages of this control method and its disadvantages in practical implementation were studied. The model used in the simulation is the linear magnetic model which has the 12/8 structure, the same structure as the experimental switched reluctance motor.

Nitrogen fertilization and winter pruning are commonly used to control crop production in peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] orchards. They are also known to affect the dynamics of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Homoptera: Aphididae) aphid populations via bottom-up regulation processes. Interactions between crops and pests can cause complex system behaviour in response to management practices. An integrated approach will therefore improve the understanding of the effects of these two cultural practices on aphid and peach performances.

Multilevel inverters have been widely accepted for high-power high-voltage applications. Their performance is highly superior to that of conventional two-level inverters due to reduced harmonic distortion, lower electromagnetic interference, and higher dc link voltages. However, it has some disadvantages such as increased number of components, complex pulsewidth modulation control method, and voltage-balancing problem. In this paper, a new topology with a reversing-voltage component is proposed to improve the multilevel performance by compensating the disadvantages mentioned. This topology requires fewer components compared to existing inverters (particularly in higher levels) and requires fewer carrier signals and gate drives. Therefore, the overall cost and complexity are greatly reduced particularly for higher output voltage levels. Finally, a prototype of the seven-level proposed topology is built and tested to show the performance of the inverter by experimental results.

The article describes a new control method of transistor power bridge converter. It is a new one, because of some original solutions and its difference in comparison to existing methods. It's irrelevant of load, similar to the "phase shifted" control method. It is easy to realize using ordinary electronic elements. A significant advantage of method is the possibility of permanent output current monitoring by measuring the voltage sag on a pair of transistors. That allows a very efficient current protection.

Several stipoid grasses of temperate South American origin have invaded Australia. One of these, Nassella trichotoma, is considered the most important grass weed of pas- tures in south-eastern Australia, while another, Nassella neesiana is viewed as a serious threat to native Australian grasslands. Blue heliotrope, Heliotropium amplexicaule, a toxic perennial broad-leaf weed, originates in the same area of South America, and is rapidly spreading in parts of south-eastern Australia. Landholder groups were formed to seek research into better control methods of Nassella tussock grasses and blue heliotrope, respectively, and in 1998 both groups were successful in lobbying for funds to investigate the potential of biological control. The Nassella project is the first one aimed at classical biological control of a grass weed and, based on preliminary surveys, will concentrate on pathogens. A similar survey on blue heliotrope has indicated that insects provide the best prospects for contro...

1 Abstract --Distributed energy resources (DE) have been widely used in the power systems to supply active power, and most of the present DE resources are operated with limited or without nonactive power capability. This paper shows that with a slight modification in hardware configuration and a small boost in the power ratings, as well as proper implementation of control strategies, a DE system with a power electronics converter interface can provide active power and nonactive power simultaneously and independently. A DE can provide dynamic voltage regulation to the local bus because of its nonactive power capability. Furthermore, the proposed DE control method in this paper can effectively compensate the unbalance in the local voltage. The system requirements such as the inverter current rating and the dc voltage rating are discussed. The analysis of the system requirements to provide nonactive power shows that it is cost-effective to have DE provide voltage regulation.

The Paper describes estimation and control strategies for models with bounded data uncertainties. We shall refer to them as BDU estimation and BDU control methods, for brevity. They are based on constrained game-type formulations that allow the designer to explicitly incorporate into the Problem Statement a priori information about bounds on the sizes of the uncertainties. In this way, the effect of uncertainties is not unnecessarily overemphasized beyond what is implied by the a priori bounds; consequently, overly conservative designs, as well as overly sensitive designs, are avoided. A feature of these new formulations is that geometric insights and recursive techniques, which are widely known and appreciated for classical quadratic-tost designs, tan also be pursued in this new framework. Also, algorithms for computing the optimal solutions with the same computational effort as Standard least-squares solutions exist, thus making the new formulations attractive for practical use. Moreover, the framework is broad enough to encompass applications across several disciplines, not just estimation and control. Examples will be given of a quadratic control design, an So0 control design, a total

A virtual control environment for robot teleoperation via the Internet is presented. It comprises a Java3D-based real-time virtual representation of the robot and worksite, and uses a graphic panel, an environment for remote robot programming, and a dataglove with a 6D position tracker as the control interfaces. The use of Virtual Reality (VR) techniques for Internet teleoperation allow: (1) time delays inherent in IP networks to be suppressed, and the operator's work to be simplified and accelerated, compared to methods that use delayed TV images. The system realisation, with its use of open technologies Java, Java3D and 3-tier client/server architecture, provides portability among different computer platforms and types of robots. The efficiency of the VR-based methods developed has been verified for slow communication rates (0.1-0.5 KB/sec), where TVbased control methods are inapplicable. VR systems have been developed for the WWW-based control of the PUMA and CRS industrial robot manipulators. The particulars of these systems, the experiments undertaken, current issues, and directions of future work are presented.

Push/pull production mode used in CIMS and its application in re"nery are mainly discussed in this paper. Firstly, we discuss about push/pull production mode used in CIMS, where manufacturing system is introduced, push/pull combined control strategy is put forward push/pull production mode is compared with MRPII and JIT. Secondly, production plan and schedule strategy of push/pull production mode is put forward, where its basic framework and overall architecture are given out, push/pull combined control method for main production plan is discussed. Then, production plan and scheduling system of re"nery CIMS is discussed, where production procedure process, basic production characters, re"nery production and administration, its activity types are introduced, a re"nery integrated production plan and schedule system is put forward, its problem solving process is discussed in detail. Next, a kind of integration framework used in re"nery is put forward and discussed. At the end of the paper, some conclusions are drawn.

Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) varieties CP-43/33 and L-118 susceptible, BF-162 and SPSG-26 resistant while CP-72/2086 as intermediate were screened for studies on top borer, Scirpophaga nivella Fabricus (Pyralidae: Lepidoptera). Morpho-physio chemical plant factors as well as quality of sugar were examined to elucidate the relationship between pest infestations.The observations on leaf thickness 0.735* and moisture contents 0.771* showed positive and significant correlation with the pest infestation at tillering stage. Total minerals, manganese and copper contents did not show significant correlation with the pest infestation, whereas nitrogen, potassium, calcium, magnesium and ferrous contents manifested positive and significant correlation with the pest infestation. Phosphorous, carbohydrates, fats and zinc produced significant and adverse effect on the pest infestation at tillering stage. Zinc contents with contrasting behaviors appeared to be the most important character with co-efficient value of 0.764 followed by ferrous with positive sign. The effect of borer infestation was significantly negative on pol (sucrose), Brix contents (total soluble solids), and CCS (commercial cane sugar). The coefficient of determination value was 0.821, obtained by computing fiber content, pol, Brix and CCS factors together for multivariate regression models. Application of trash mulching at the time of sowing proved to be the most effective treatment with minimum infestation (3.91%) of borer and maximum protection level (62.87%) followed by Furadan®, removal of dead hearts + spike thrust, hand collection of egg masses, and cutting of shoots at 15 days interval.

This article is a review about the effects of each of the processing stages of pasteurized apple juice on the increase, prevalence or reduction of patulin (PAT) levels in the final product. Recommendations are included for the control and reduction of the incidence of the moulds that produce it and the mycotoxin itself, from the pre-harvest to the final manufacturing stages of apple juice, studies required for a better understanding of the behaviour of this mycotoxin during processing also being indicated. Although the initial stages of the juice manufacturing process (washing, selection and trimming) are highly efficient in reducing the levels of PAT, control of the mycotoxin should always be focused on the production stages of the process that guarantee the inhibition of its production (pre-harvest, harvest and post-harvest).

Objective To investigate the metabolic profile of serum and urine samples from 23 female patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and 23 age and sex-matched controls. Methods We used gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry to detect metabolites (approximately 1,600 in total), then supervised statistical analysis (using projection to latent structures discriminant analysis) to study the differences between control and PD samples. Results Supervised statistical analysis yielded models that possessed statistically significant predictive value for blind samples on the basis of the metabolic profile of urine but not of serum. However, whilst no individual biomarkers were identified, suggesting that any metabolic disturbance associated with PD is comparatively minor, a multivariate metabolic signature associated with PD was identified in urine. Interpretation There is a relatively subtle, yet distinct, metabolic signature of PD present in the urine of patients with early disease. The signature may itself act as a useful biomarker for PD, although larger studies will be required to validate our present findings.

Inevitable consequences of the practice of solid waste disposal in landfills are gas and leachate generation due primarily to microbial decomposition, climatic conditions, refuse characteristics and landfilling operations. The migration of gas and leachate away from the landfill boundaries and their release into the surrounding environment present serious environmental concerns at both existing and new facilities. Besides potential health hazards, these concerns include, and are not limited to, fires and explosions, vegetation damage, unpleasant odors, landfill settlement, ground water pollution, air pollution and global warming. This paper presents an overview of gas and leachate formation mechanisms in landfills and their adverse environmental impacts, and describes control methods to eliminate or minimize these impacts.

Current information and communication services are growing rapidly in directions very different from those pursued in the past. The strong drive for these services' fast development and deployment has not been accompanied by a proper understanding of their engineering and design principles, and for the most part, the services' satisfactory qualitative performance is being obtained by the strength approach of over-provisioning. Thus, there is a strong need for a deeper quantitative understanding of the services' functioning, an understanding that leads to clear design and control methods that it turn make the services' efficient deployment and exploitation possible. The research performed within this paper covers analytical and design aspects of technical and economical challenges emerging in multiservice networks and was conducted from a methodological perspective of evolving network infrastructure. The paper focuses on challenging issues in the planning and design of enterprise communication infrastructure and also determines strategies for the successful implementation converged networks.

In the paper two control methods of a four-leg three-phase inverters for UPS and active filter application are discussed. The inverter output voltage is represented as three dimensional space vector. Two schemes of (PWM) are investigated: open loop sinusoidal PWM and feedback multilevel hysteresis PWM current control. Some simulated figures and experimental oscillograms illustrating the properties of the both presented PWM methods are given.

The problem of solid waste landfills on Caspian Sea coastlines is one of the current concerns of the Iranian environmental authorities. Physical and environmental constraints as well as shortcomings in present municipal solid waste management are the main factors for environmental pollution and natural resources destruction in this geographical region. In order to reduce the above problems, this study has been carried out on the basis of a comparative assessment of the existing condition of landfill sites in natural ecosystems. In this study, 48 cities of the region have been investigated. All of them are located in Gilan and Mazandaran provinces. Total daily waste production in the study area is about 1209 tons that are dumped in open spaces and/or in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Surveying of 53 physical, adaptability and constraint parameters as well as hygiene and environmental parameters in the landfills, based on "Monavari-94 Method" indicate that the main problem in all of them is a high groundwater table. In 42% of landfills, the groundwater level is between from 0.5 to 2 meters. This phenomenon may cause severe risks due to the infiltration of leachate into potable groundwater. Indeed, the results of the study show that 87.5% of the landfills are located in areas with unacceptable conditions. In spite of geographical and environmental problems and constraints and as a final alternative in this respect, the need for sanitary and technical solid waste management is the main need of the study areas.

Variable speed drives are growing and varying. Drives expanse depend on progress in different part of science like power system, microelectronic, control methods, and so on. Artificial intelligent contains hard computation and soft computation. Artificial intelligent has found high application in most nonlinear systems same as motors drive. Because artificial intelligent techniques can use as controller for any system without requirement to system mathematical model, it has been used in electrical drive control. With this manner, efficiency and reliability of drives increase and volume, weight and cost of them decrease. Due to the improved operating characteristics they give to the equipment control, electronic motor soft starters are increasingly widely applied. Escalators, pumps, elevators and conveyor belts all operate more effectively if they are soft started. However, it is not simply the ergonomics of an airport, process plant or shopping mall that are improved by soft starters. A major factor in the growth in popularity of soft starters is the reduced wear and tear that they place on motors and their associated drive systems. In turn, this reduces maintenance, conserves energy and plays a significant part in improving plant performance and operating costs.

Accurate assessment of suicidality is of major importance in both clinical and research settings. The Scale for Suicidal Ideation (SSI) is a well-established clinician-rating scale but its suitability to adolescents has not been studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity, and to test an appropriate cutoff threshold for the SSI in a depressed adolescent outpatient population and controls. 218 adolescent psychiatric outpatient clinic patients suffering from depressive disorders and 200 age- and sex-matched school-attending controls were evaluated by the SSI for presence and severity of suicidal ideation. Internal consistency, discriminative-, concurrent-, and construct validity as well as the screening properties of the SSI were evaluated. Cronbach's alpha for the whole SSI was 0.95. The SSI total score differentiated patients and controls, and increased statistically significantly in classes with increasing severity of suicidality derived from the...

inverters is proposed. The closed-loop system uses the two-axis components of the transformed line-to-line voltage vectors as the control variables. In its linear control range, the PWM method includes two operating modes, namely, low and high references. At high references' mode, the output voltage is generated by switching among four vectors instead of three to improve the waveform generation. The proposed system has a linear control range 15.5% wider than conventional phase control methods. Furthermore, the control range can be easily expanded beyond the higher linear controllable range up to the square waveforms without suddenly increasing the waveform distortion. Therefore, the fundamental component of the output voltage can be smoothly and continuously controlled from zero up to square waveforms. The control circuit includes a hysteresis controller that is capable of stabilizing the neutral point potential variations within fixed limits during steady and transient states. The control method also offers high performance and fast response. Computer simulations and experimental results on a laboratory-tested motor drive are given to validate the proposed control scheme.

Background Eye-seeking flies have received much attention as possible trachoma vectors, but this remains unproved. We aimed to assess the role of eye-seeking flies as vectors of trachoma and to test provision of simple pit latrines, without additional health education, as a sustainable method of fly control.

Faults in automated processes will often cause undesired reactions and shut-down of a controlled plant, and the consequences could be damage to technical parts of the plant, to personnel or the environment.Faulttolerant control combines diagnosis with control methods to handle faults in an intelligent way. The aim is to prevent that simple faults develop into serious failure and hence increase plant availability and reduce the risk of safety hazards. Fault-tolerant control merges several disciplines into a common framework to achieve these goals. The desired features are obtained through on-line fault diagnosis, automatic condition assessment and calculation of appropriate remedial actions to avoid certain consequences of a fault. The envelope of the possible remedial actions is very wide. Sometimes, simple re-tuning can suffice. In other cases, accommodation of the fault could be achieved by replacing a measurement from a faulty sensor by an estimate. In yet other situations, complex reconfiguration or online controller redesign is required. This paper gives an overview of recent tools to analyze and explore structure and other fundamental properties of an automated system such that any inherent redundancy in the controlled process can be fully utilized to maintain availability, even though faults may occur. 1 .

The small fruit tortrix, Grapholita lobarzewskii (Nowicki) (Lepidoptera Tortricidae), is a serious problem in the organic apple or-chards of the Friuli Venezia Giulia region (northeastern Italy), particularly in hilly areas. Three trials on mating disruption of G. lobarzewskii were ...

Methods: Six Washington, D.C., junior high schools were randomly assigned to the intervention or nonintervention control condition for an educational program. During the first school year, seventh graders (n ‫؍‬ 582) from the six schools obtained written parental consent to participate. Three health professionals (one per intervention school) implemented the program, which consisted of reproductive health classes, the Postponing Sexual Involvement Curriculum, health risk screening, and "booster" educational activities during the following (eighth grade) school year. Cross-sectional surveys were administered at baseline, the end of the seventh grade, and the beginning and end of the eighth grade. Intervention and control group differences in virginity, attitudes toward delayed sex and childbearing, and sexual knowledge and behavior were assessed at all four time points.

A participatory rural appraisal inthree West African countries examined thepossibility for replacing chemical pesticidesto control locusts and grasshoppers with abiological control method based on anindigenous fungal pathogen. The fungus iscurrently being tested at different sites inthe Sahel and in the humid tropics of WestAfrica. Structured group interviews, individualdiscussions, and field visits, were used toobtain farmers' perceptions of locust andgrasshoppers as

Control techniques that optimize the behaviour of pulse-width modulation (PWM) rectifiers for magnet supplies are examined. Different control strategies, both with preprogrammed and variable switching patterns, are examined and compared in terms of optimization of the system performance. Optimum digital PWM, multilevel delta modulation, and hybrid PWM/delta techniques are analyzed. The validity of the control methods was verified by simulation and experimental tests on a 60 kW prototype. It was observed that, in practice, digital PWM techniques are better suited for optimizing the AC converter performance, while delta modulation techniques give better results in terms of DC current and voltage distortion.>

This paper deals with three control techniques for a three-phase three-level neutral-point-clamped (NPC) boost rectifier to study their relative performance. Linear, nonlinear, and nonlinear model reference adaptive control (MRAC) methods are developed to control power factor (PF) and regulate output and neutral point voltages. These controllers are designed in Simulink and implemented in real time using the DS1104 DSP of dSPACE for validation on a 1.2-kW prototype of an NPC boost rectifier operating at 1.92 kHz. The performance of boost converter with three control methods has been investigated respectively in steady state in terms of line-current harmonic distortion, efficiency, and PF and during transients such as load steps, utility disturbances, reactive power control, and dc-bus voltage tracking behavior. The linear PI controllers are characterized by reduced complexity but poor performance, whereas the nonlinear control technique has improved the converter performance significantly, while nonlinear MRAC exhibits much better performance in a wide operating range.

This paper compares two space vector techniques that can be used to regulate the instantaneous active and reactive power flow in a Power System. The first method uses the Direct Torque Control (DTC), employed frequently on speed regulation of the AC machines. The second one proposed by authors, uses the optimization of the space vector voltage in a controller bridge to reduce the least square error by controlling the instantaneous active and reactive power. These control methods have several advantages and disadvantages and are combined to improve the static and dynamic Direct Power Control (DPC) performance. The new proposed control system is no affected by harmonic distortion in the network and the obtained regulation of active and reactive power flow is practically instantaneous (< 10 ìs ) as is shown by performed simulations.

Data and theory from prism adaptation are reviewed for the purpose of identifying control methods in applications of the procedure. Prism exposure evokes three kinds of adaptive or compensatory processes: postural adjustments (visual capture and muscle potentiation), strategic control (including recalibration of target position), and spatial realignment of various sensory-motor reference frames. Muscle potentiation, recalibration, and realignment can all produce prism exposure aftereffects and can all contribute to adaptive performance during prism exposure. Control over these adaptive responses can be achieved by manipulating the locus of asymmetric exercise during exposure (muscle potentiation), the similarity between exposure and post-exposure tasks (calibration), and the timing of visual feedback availability during exposure (realignment). q

The use of qualified panels applying specific evaluation methods for sensory quality control increases the reliability of the results, even more if the method is accredited by official accreditation bodies.Based on the work developed with young red wine, this paper describes all the steps carried out after having defined the method: assessor selection, basic and specific training, qualification of assessors