Conventional Method

This research is being conducted to examine and explain the results of using nursery rhymes in improving vocabulary skills among young English learners in Indonesia. This study focuses on whether the use of nursery rhymes in English teaching will significantly improve vocabulary mastery among Indonesian elementary learners. Two English teachers and eighty students from two elementary schools in Depok-Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia who are in third grade and aged between eight and nine years participated in this report. The theoretical basis of this current study is based on the concrete theory of learning by Ausubel, the theory of social constructivism by Vygotsky and the theory of second-language acquisition by Krashen. This research employs the quasi-experimental approach, the experimental group was taught English using nursery rhymes and the control group was taught over a span of eight weeks using traditional method. Pre-test and post-test instruments were used to collect data for the analysis. The results suggest that the use of nursery rhymes substantially improved average vocabulary scores for the students. Students from the experimental group also performed significantly better in matching the vocabulary with the correct image, matching the English vocabulary with its synonyms in Bahasa Indonesia and filling in the blanks with the right choice of English vocabulary compared to their counterparts in the control group. This study asserts that the use of nursery rhymes can significantly enhance the awareness of vocabulary among students. This research also has significant pedagogical implications and developments on the use of nursery rhymes to teach English vocabulary. Hopefully the Indonesian Ministry of Education and Teacher Education Division will train teachers to use nursery rhymes to develop English vocabulary for young learners.

Adulteration of butter can occur when milk fat is replaced with cheaper oils due to the economic advantage of such substitution. With potential health risks on consumers , the issue raises alarming public health concerns. The adulteration of the Egyptian buffalo butter (EBB) with vegetable oils (VOs) was detected by conventional and advanced techniques. EBB was mixed with VOs at different ratios 25, 50, and 75% (w/w). The conventional methods (saponification number, iodine value, polenskee value, and Reichert-Meissl value) were compared with advanced methods (GC, HPLC, and FTIR). The results indicated that the assurance of conventional methods is not adequate at expansion levels under 50.0% VOs in EBB. In light of the progressions prompted by advanced methods using GC and HPLC, the debasement of EBB with 25.0% VOs can be detected and are more accurate in detecting the ste-rols and their fractions in butter.

Problem Statement: Drafting course is essential for students in the design disciplines for becoming more organized and for complying with standards in the educational system. Drafting knowledge is crucial, both for comprehension of the issues and for the implementation phase. In any design project, drafting performance and success are as important as the design process, especially in the educational environments aimed at professional life. However, there have been relatively any studies undertaken in the area of the success and time saving of the conventional drafting and computer-aided drafting (CAD) techniques, besides the design process, especially for furniture and interior design educations. In this direction, some questions emerge in the study. Is there really a difference on quality, success and drafting time between conventional drafting and CAD techniques in interior drafting field? If there is a difference, at which time or process does the drafting technique gain speed? Purpose of study: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of conventional and computer-aided drafting (CAD) techniques on drafting performances of design students. Furthermore, it was explored which technique was more time, speed and quality-efficient. Methods: To verify this study, students were asked to draw a sample of a two-dimensional technical drawing with an interior plan by using the conventional and CAD techniques at different times within a 60-minute

The low enrolment and poor academic achievement of female students in Geography compared to their male counterparts in secondary schools of Ganye Educational Zone necessitated this study. Studies have it that the instructional strategies adopted by Geography teachers in teaching could interact with gender to influence students’ academic achievement. To this end, the study investigated the Effect of Gender on Senior Secondary School Students’ Academic Achievement in Geography when Mastery Learning Strategy and Conventional Method are used for instruction. The quasi-experimental non-randomized pre-test, post-test control group design was used. The study also employed the multi-stage random sampling technique at four levels to select 207 (120 Male and 87 Female) senior secondary school two (SS II) students offering Geography from six intact classes in six co-educational secondary schools in Ganye Educational Zone in Nigeria. A 40-item Geography Achievement Test (GAT) constructed by the researcher and validated by experts in Geography education was used to obtain data. After pilot testing the instrument using 89 students from two intact classes, the data obtained was analyzed using Pearson product moment correlation coefficient statistic. A reliability index of 0.78 was obtained. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics of Mean, independent t-Test and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). The study revealed that Female students exposed to learning Geography through Mastery Learning Strategy performed better than their Male counterparts. A significant interaction effect of treatment and gender on students’ achievement in Geography was also observed. It was recommended that Geography teachers should re-assess their classroom instructional strategies used in teaching and adopt that which will give the students equal opportunities to excel in Geography.

Problem Statement: Drafting course is essential for students in the design disciplines for becoming more organized and for complying with standards in the educational system. Drafting knowledge is crucial, both for comprehension of the issues and for the implementation phase. In any design project, drafting performance and success are as important as the design process, especially in the educational environments aimed at professional life. However, there have been relatively any studies undertaken in the area of the success and time saving of the conventional drafting and computer-aided drafting (CAD) techniques, besides the design process, especially for furniture and interior design educations. In this direction, some questions emerge in the study. Is there really a difference on quality, success and drafting time between conventional drafting and CAD techniques in interior drafting field? If there is a difference, at which time or process does the drafting technique gain speed? Purpose of study: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of conventional and computer-aided drafting (CAD) techniques on drafting performances of design students. Furthermore, it was explored which technique was more time, speed and quality-efficient.

ABSTRACT
In an attempt to enlighten people about the causes, effects and control of environmental degradation, environmental education was integrated into the curricular at different levels of education; at the secondary school level and below it was infused into existing subjects, while at the higher level of education as interdisciplinary courses. Project based learning is one of the participatory learning strategies advocated for meaningful learning at all levels and across discipline, such that it is part of the requirements that must be fulfilled before the awarding of certificates at higher levels of education. In the same light, researches on the efficacy of project based learning have shown consistent results that supports its use in improving learning outcomes of learners. To this end, the study investigated the effects of Individual and Group Projects on pre-service teachers’ achievement in and attitude towards selected environmental concepts in Biology.
The study adopted a pre-test, post-test, control, quasi-experimental design with a 3˟2 factorial matrix. Four hundred and eighty-nine 300 level Biology students in intact classes from three colleges of education in the South-West zone of Nigeria were purposively selected and randomly assigned to the treatment and control groups. The instrument used to collect data were two response instruments; Achievement Test (r =0.865) & Environmental Attitude Scale (r =0.755), and three stimulus instruments on; Individual Project, Group Project, and Conventional Method. The null hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. Analysis of Covariance was used to analyse the data and Estimated Marginal Means was used to explain the magnitude of the post-test achievement and attitude scores of students in the different groups. Bonferroni Post-hoc Analysis was used to explain the direction of significance.
There were significant effects of treatment on achievement (F(2,482) = 2.982; p<0.05, partial η2 = 0.012) and attitude (F(2,482) = 17.689; p<0.05, partial η2 = 0.068). The Group Project (Mean =22.04) was found to be the most effective in enhancing achievement outcomes followed by the Conventional Teaching Method (Mean =20.99) and the Individual Project (Mean =22.61). Group project (Mean =79.31) was found to be the most effective in enhancing attitude outcomes followed by the Individual Project (Mean =76.80) and the Conventional Teaching Method (Mean =76.72). Gender has no significant main effect on achievement (F(1,482) = 2.603 p>.05, partial η2 = 0.005) and attitude (F(1,482) = 0.217 p>.05, partial η2 = 0.000). The interaction effect of treatment and gender was not significant on achievement (F(2,482) = 0.840, p>.05, partial η2 = 0.003) and attitude (F(2,482) = 0.550, p>.05, partial η2 = 0.002).
Overall, the Individual and Group Projects were more effective in improving the learning outcomes of students in selected concepts than the Conventional Lecture Method. The two learning strategies should be adopted for the training of pre-service Biology teachers.
Keywords: Project Based Learning, Pre-Service teachers, Learning Outcomes, Environmental Concepts, and Biology

This research discusses the success factors and pitfalls in the development of e-content for Tamil subject.  The objectives of the study was to measure the effectiveness of the E-content learning package in learning Tamil subject for students who are studying in English medium schools and the experimental research is essential for finding out the effective from the population of students. The investigator selected 116 students from English medium Schools at Perambalur district in Tamil Nadu. Tools used were E-content learning package for Tamil Subject probable teachers developed by the investigator and pre-test in Tamil subject developed by the investigator. In the experimental group, students teach Tamil Subject by using this E-content learning package and the control group students were taught using conventional method. The investigator concludes that the experimental group is more effective than the control group. Thus E-content learning package in Tamil Subject for the latent students is more effective.

In the recent years, due to lack of land the construction of high rise buildings widely increases. And these buildings are affected by lateral loads due to wind or earthquake. To resist these lateral loads lots of construction methods are available. Diagrid structural system is one of the most effective systems due to its efficiency and flexibility in architectural planning. In this system peripheral columns of the building are eliminated and this constructs the main difference between diagrid and orthogonal structure. The present work is made for studying the response of high rise building with different diagrid structural system. To this aim response of four different diagrid structures of (G+30) storey are carried out to obtain optimized position of diagrid. And response of this diagrid building is compared with conventional building by providing same parameters to both the buildings. The analysis of the building is carried out by using ETABS software. The results obtained in terms storey displacement.

This research discusses the success factors and pitfalls in the development of e-content for teaching Tamil subject.  The objectives of the study were to measure the opinion towards an e-content in teaching Tamil subject for students who are studying in English medium schools. Survey method in experimental design is essential for finding out feel about from the population of students. The investigator selected 116 students from English medium Schools at Perambalur district in Tamil Nadu. E-content learning package and opinion questionnaire were developed, validated by the investigator. Tamil Subject taught through e-content package for experimental group and traditional method followed to the control group students. The investigator concludes that, teaching approach of e-content is more effective. Thus, E-content learning package in Tamil Subject for the latent students is more effective.

In construction sites there is a use of dumper for loading and unloading a material like sand, gravels, and other infrastructure materials. But they still used manual operated conventional dumper to dump the materials. they are dump material only in one side only that is rear side and that's the reason sometimes it's quite difficult to dump material in some compact places where the convention dumper is difficult to used. And this research paper mainly focused on above mentioned difficulty. To deal with this we are making a automatic three way pneumatic dumper mechanism so that they can be dump material in rear side as well as left and right direction also. and with the help of Arduino software the motion of the dumper can automated instead of manual use. It can be reduce labour work, save time, and increase the workability.

— This study was carried out to evaluate the improvement of soil fertility and crop yield using formulated organic fertilizers in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) from October 2008 to April 2015 and the test crop was tomato, eggplant, cabbage and cauliflower. The physicochemical properties, behavior and persistence of plant beneficial microorganisms including nitrogen fixing bacteria, (e.g. Rhizobium sp., Azotobacter sp.), phosphate solubilizing bacteria e.g. (Bacillus sp. Pseudomonas sp., Phosphobacteria), Aspergillus sp. and Trichoderma sp., in the amended/ non-amended block were evaluated each year. The soil beneficial microbial populations and health properties including pH, nitrogen content, organic matter, phosphorus, K, Ca, and S, increased significantly in the compost-amended soils compared to the conventional practices. The total nitrogen (N) content and the organic matter of compost amended soil were 215% and 200% higher respectively than that of conventional practices (CP). Furthermore, significant increase of available organic matter, N, P, & K was observed in the compost-amended soils compared to conventional and control block. Furthermore, microbial population showed significant linear correlations with the organic matter contents of the soils and yearly vegetables yield increased gradually and was reached to almost identical to conventional field within 5 years, implying that the soil amended with BIOFER compost increased the soil fertility, and vegetables yields. Thus, application of BAOFER compost at the rate of 15 t/ha/year was found adequate in improving the vegetable yields and soil health in open field cultivation under subtropical climatic conditions.

Sustainable development entails conservation, preservation, accessibility and affordability. When it comes to energy usage, Nigeria relies mostly on conventional source of energy with quite high opportunity cost making it cost-wise comparatively inaccessible for the poor population. In this work, renewable energy sources like solar radiation which is abundantly present in Nigeria was found to offers a much cheaper alternative in meeting the energy demands since they are derived from natural processes that are replenished constantly. Reviews on the opportunities, government policies and strategic developments of renewable energy in Nigeria were carried out to ascertain its feasibility. From the results, it was possible to highlight how these energy sources can be beneficial in tackling the energy problem in Nigeria.

Blended learning has increasingly been applied in higher education. The present study investigated the students' perception toward the practices of course content between conventional and blended learning. The study's design was a survey design conducted on second and third-year students. The students perceived that blended learning allows a wider chance to students to explore and practice their course knowledge and skills than conventional learning. Furthermore, the students perceived that the practices of course knowledge and skills in blended learning significantly contributed to their CGPA. However, the course knowledge and skills practices in conventional learning yielded a low effect on students' CGPA. This study implicates that applying blended learning in a course optimizes EFL students' course content competencies and increases their CGPA.

This research is being conducted to examine and explain the results of using nursery rhymes in improving vocabulary skills among young English learners in Indonesia. This study focuses on whether the use of nursery rhymes in English teaching will significantly improve vocabulary mastery among Indonesian elementary learners. Two English teachers and eighty students from two elementary schools in Depok-Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia who are in third grade and aged between eight and nine years participated in this report. The theoretical basis of this current study is based on the concrete theory of learning by Ausubel, the theory of social constructivism by Vygotsky and the theory of second-language acquisition by Krashen. This research employs the quasi-experimental approach, the experimental group was taught English using nursery rhymes and the control group was taught over a span of eight weeks using traditional method. Pre-test and post-test instruments were used to collect data for the analysis. The results suggest that the use of nursery rhymes substantially improved average vocabulary scores for the students. Students from the experimental group also performed significantly better in matching the vocabulary with the correct image, matching the English vocabulary with its synonyms in Bahasa Indonesia and filling in the blanks with the right choice of English vocabulary compared to their counterparts in the control group. This study asserts that the use of nursery rhymes can significantly enhance the awareness of vocabulary among students. This research also has significant pedagogical implications and developments on the use of nursery rhymes to teach English vocabulary. Hopefully the Indonesian Ministry of Education and Teacher Education Division will train teachers to use nursery rhymes to develop English vocabulary for young learners.

Data recorded for 13 quantitative and 7 quality characters to study genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance. Analysis of variance among 31 rice hybrids showed highly significant differences for all the characters indicated the presence of substantial amount of genetic variability. On the basis of mean performance highest grain yield per hill observed in hybrid IHRT-M 3311 (32.67 g), followed by IHRT-M 3312 (30.67 g), IHRT-M 3314 (29.67 g). The hybrid IHRT-M 3311 was considered to be best hybrid having high grain yield, early maturity, more no of tillers per plant coupled with desirable hulling %, long kernel length and less width. Highest GCV and PCV was observed for grain yield per hill (27.14, 27.55), followed by spikelets per panicle (22.67, 22.76) indicating that these characters could be used as selection for crop improvement. High estimates of heritability were observed for plant height, spikelets per panicle and biological yield (99.00%) followed by days to 50% flowering (98.3%) and days to maturity (97.34%). High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed for spikelets per panicle (99.24% and 110.69), indicating predominance of additive gene effects and the possibilities of effective selection for the improvement of these characters.

This study researched the effect of interactive computer programs and visual materials on the success and retention of physics lesson. Inclined projectile motion was selected as the subject. While the lessons were taught with interactive physics, various visual computer programs and the support of computer in the experimental group, they were taught according to the conventional teaching method in the control group. As a consequence, it was aimed to compare the effect of these two applications upon the academic success and retention of learning. The sample of the study was consisted of 84 students receiving education at a secondary school in Ankara. Pretest-posttest experimental design with control group was used in the study. According to the t-test results of independent groups that were performed on experimental and control groups after teaching, it was concluded that the teaching, which was performed on the experimental group with interactive computer programs and visual materials, were more successful compared to the teaching, which was performed on the control group with conventional methods. At the end of the study, the required suggestions were presented according to the data obtained from applications, which were performed with interactive computer programs and visual materials.

Single Crystals of L-Lysine doped Triglycine Sulfate (TGS) were grown by conventional method. The grown crystals were characterized by single crystal XRD, Powder XRD, FTIR, UV-Vis Spectroscopy and Microhardness. The single crystal and powder XRD was to study the morphology and structure of the grown crystal. The presence of functional group of the materials was qualitatively estimated by FTIR. The optical nature of the crystal was studied by UV-Vis spectroscopy. Mechanical properties were determined by Microhardness studies. The results were discussed.

Protocol was developed to evaluate the best performing breed in the local conditions of tribal areas which are slightly different from other parts of the country; moreover the conventional method was used to evaluate its effect on the semen quality during processing. Four different breeds (Holstein Friesian, Jersey, Sahiwal, and Holstein-Friesian Sahiwal Cross) in four different time intervals (pre-dilution, post-dilution, post-equilibration and post-freezing) were evaluated to see their effect on the semen quality such as individual motility, sperm membrane integrity, sperm morphology and live percentage. The breed effected individual motility of semen significantly (p<0.05), while the effect on volume, sperm abnormalities and membrane integrity was highly significant (p<0.01). Highest individual motility observed for FSC was 74.0%, as compare to Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Sahiwal, i.e. 72.9%, 70.95% and 68.9 %, respectively. However, the primary abnormalities observed were highest in FSC (15.39%) and least in Jersey (11.70%). Membrane integrity damage was found in FSC, Sahiwal, Jersey and HF as 24.06%, 22.66%, 20.60% and 18.90% respectively. The effect of different time intervals on the sperm motility, live percentage and secondary abnormities was highly significant (p<0.01). The individual sperm motility during different time interval i. e. predilution, post-dilution, post-equilibration and post-freezing was (93.34%, 80.31%, 79.30% and 49.92%) respectively. The live sperm percentage was highest at pre-dilution (92.72%) and least observed at post freezing (53.60%), showing 42.19 percent change. Secondary abnormalities observed were 8.19%, 18.23%, 21.35% and 29.96% respectively, during different time intervals. The overall results suggest that jersey breed performance was good in hilly area of the region and should be continued to breed the local breed Achai. Moreover highest sperm abnormalities and other damage to sperm cell were occurred postfreezing by using conventional way of freezing.

Research has shown that students exhibit negative attitudes towards Electronics especially when they are taught using the conventional method. This is in addition to poor instructional methods that do not promote individualization of instruction or make learning interesting. The purpose of this study was to design an e-learning module in &quot; Transistors &quot; – a topic in the Electronics course-and determine its effects on students&#39; attitudes in Kenyan Polytechnics. The Solomon-three quasi-experimental, non-equivalent control group research design was used for the study. A sample consisting of 103 first year Electronic Engineering students from three Polytechnics were randomly assigned to three groups; one experimental, E and two controls; C 1 and C 2. A self-administered Students&#39; Attitude Questionnaire (SAQ) with a calculated Cronbach-alpha reliability coefficient of 0.88 was used for data collection. The data was analysed using t-tests and the analysis of covariance (...

Growing and purchasing demand for organic fresh produce is increasing rapidly. Consumers are aware of health, environmental safety, pesticide harmfulness, nutrients, bioactive compounds, and safe food. Many research works are available on organic and conventional fresh produce. As organic fresh produce growing and purchasing demand is increasing, it has become necessary to review the recent trends in quality, safety, and consumer preferences of organic and conventional fresh food products. A few reports have been compiled on organic and conventional fresh produce. Researchers have started working on organic and conventional fresh produce with the help of modern technology to improve nutritional and functional quality, safety, and consumer preferences. Nutritional and functional quality, safety, and consumer preferences depend on cultivation techniques, treatment, crop cultivar, and appearance of products. Therefore, it is necessary to compile the literature on organic and conventional fresh produce based on quality, safety, and consumer preferences.

Growing and purchasing demand for organic fresh produce is increasing rapidly. Consumers are aware of health, environmental safety, pesticide harmfulness, nutrients, bioactive compounds, and safe food. Many research works are available on organic and conventional fresh produce. As organic fresh produce growing and purchasing demand is increasing, it has become necessary to review the recent trends in quality, safety, and consumer preferences of organic and conventional fresh food products. A few reports have been compiled on organic and conventional fresh produce. Researchers have started working on organic and conventional fresh produce with the help of modern technology to improve nutritional and functional quality, safety, and consumer preferences. Nutritional and functional quality, safety, and consumer preferences depend on cultivation techniques, treatment, crop cultivar, and appearance of products. Therefore, it is necessary to compile the literature on organic and convention...

The study investigated “Effectiveness of E-Learning modules on creativity and achievement in computer science of Higher Secondary School Students”. The objective of the study is to find out the effectiveness of E-Learning among the Higher Secondary School Students.

This study investigates the effectiveness of using E-Learning in teaching in tertiary institutions. In institutions of higher education, the issue of utilizing modern information and communication technologies for teaching and learning is very important. This study reviews literature and gives a scholarly background to the study by reviewing some contributions made by various researchers and institutions on the concept of E-Learning, particularly its usage in teaching and learning in higher educational institutions. It unveils some views that people and institutions have shared globally on the adoption and integration of E-Learning technologies in education through surveys and other observations. This paper tells us about what is E-learning, what is its impact on employee and student performance, what is its history, difference between E-learning and traditional learning, future of E-Learning and some facts about E-Learning that are collected from various websites of Internet are also included in this paper, fact show that it is growing in recent years.

A sample of 40 students from 2 higher secondary schools were selected in Trichy district for this research work using the random sampling techniques. The investigator collected the reviews that are conducted in India and in abroad.

The tool for “Effectiveness of E-Learning” was prepared by the investigator under the two categories “creativity” and “achievement”. Each item consists of 25 questions. The research findings show that the level of effectiveness of E-Learning among the Higher Secondary School Students was high when compared with conventional talk and chalk method.

The low enrolment and poor academic achievement of female students in Geography compared to their male counterparts in secondary schools of Ganye Educational Zone necessitated this study. Studies have it that the instructional strategies adopted by Geography teachers in teaching could interact with gender to influence students’ academic achievement. To this end, the study investigated the Effect of Gender on Senior Secondary School Students’ Academic Achievement in Geography when Mastery Learning Strategy and Conventional Method are used for instruction. The quasi-experimental non-randomized pre-test, post-test control group design was used. The study also employed the multi-stage random sampling technique at four levels to select 207 (120 Male and 87 Female) senior secondary school two (SS II) students offering Geography from six intact classes in six co-educational secondary schools in Ganye Educational Zone in Nigeria. A 40-item Geography Achievement Test (GAT) constructed by the...

Electrical car generation is a new subject for the last decade and li-ion battery is the heart of its energy source. So, there are many works about single phase power factor correction (PFC) boost converters in the literature to charge li-ion batteries . As a comparison, conventional and interleaved PFC boost converters are simulated at the same conditions for the performance evaluation. Simulations are operated at 3 kW output power and 400 V output voltage with 100 kHz switching frequency and they are compared by power factor (PF), total current harmonic distortion (THDi) and total efficiency values. According to the simulation results, conventional boost converter has 97.8 % efficiency and 4.88 % THDi values, however interleaved boost converter has greater 98 % efficiency and 1.93 % THDi values. Although these converters have higher than 0.99 power factor, interleaved PFC boost topology has better performance for li-ion battery charging.

The study investigated “Impact of ICT learning on pupil’s intelligence and achievement for the topic in mathematics studying at high school level”. The objective of the study is to find out the impact of ICT  among the High School level.

This study investigates the Impact of using ICT in teaching in tertiary institutions. In institutions of high level education, the issue of utilizing modern information and communication technologies for teaching and learning is very important. This study reviews literature and gives a scholarly background to the study by reviewing some contributions made by various researchers and institutions on the concept of ICT, particularly its usage in teaching and learning in high level educational institutions. It unveils some views that people and institutions have shared globally on the adoption and integration of ICT technologies in education through surveys and other observations. This paper tells us about what is It ICT what is its impact on employee and student performance, what is its history, difference between ICT learning and traditional learning, future of ICT and some facts about ICT that are collected from various websites of Internet are also included in this paper, fact show that it is growing in recent years.

A sample of 2 high schools was selected in Trichy district for this research work using the random sampling techniques. The investigator collected the reviews that are conducted in India and in abroad.

The tool for “Impact of ICT” was prepared by the investigator under the two categories “intelligence” and “achievement” Each of the item consists of 20 questions. The research findings show that the level of Impact of ICT among the High School level was high when compared with conventional talk and chalk method.

An increase in demand for materials in different areas dominates the development of new materials day by day. To improve the properties of conventional materials has lead to the technique of reinforcing polymers, ceramics and metals with particles, fibres and whiskers. In this work Fibre Reinforced Polymer laminate (FRP) and Metal plate using as laminate and Fibre glass Reinforced Polymer laminate (MFRP) were prepared by using general purpose resin as bonding material for FRP and aluminium as metal for MFRP. Tensile tests were carried out to study the strength characteristics. The results of MFRP are compared with those of metal and FRP specimens.

The study investigated the effects of computer assisted instruction package in Nupe Language on primary school pupils in Bida local government area of Niger State. Two research questions and two hypotheses were formulated for the study. The design adopted for the study was quasi experimental. Two hundred and two (202) primary school pupils from four selected schools in Bida local government area were used as research sample. The experimental group was exposed to computer assisted instruction package in Nupe language while the control group was taught the same topics with conventional method in English Language. A 40 item Primary School Mathematics Achievement Test (PSMAT) with a reliability coefficient of 0.80 was used to collect data for the study. The data were analyzed using Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA). The hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study showed that Pupils taught mathematics with computer assisted instruction package in Nupe language performed better than those taught with conventional teaching method and gender has effect on their mathematics achievement scores. It was recommended that mathematics teachers should continuously use computer packages in teaching mathematics as it guarantees improvement in students' achievement in mathematics.

Research has shown that students exhibit negative attitudes towards Electronics especially when they are taught using the conventional method. This is in addition to poor instructional methods that do not promote individualization of instruction or make learning interesting. The purpose of this study was to design an e-learning module in “Transistors” – a topic in the Electronics course - and determine its effects on students’ attitudes in Kenyan Polytechnics. The Solomon-three quasi-experimental, non-equivalent control group research design was used for the study. A sample consisting of 103 first year Electronic Engineering students from three Polytechnics were randomly assigned to three groups; one experimental, E and two controls; C 1 and C 2 . A self-administered Students’ Attitude Questionnaire (SAQ) with a calculated Cronbach-alpha reliability coefficient of 0.88 was used for data collection. The data was analysed using t-tests and the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) statistic...

The study investigated the effects of computer assisted instruction package in Nupe Language on primary school pupils in Bida local government area of Niger State. Two research questions and two hypotheses were formulated for the study. The design adopted for the study was quasi experimental. Two hundred and two (202) primary school pupils from four selected schools in Bida local government area were used as research sample. The experimental group was exposed to computer assisted instruction package in Nupe language while the control group was taught the same topics with conventional method in English Language. A 40 item Primary School Mathematics Achievement Test (PSMAT) with a reliability coefficient of 0.80 was used to collect data for the study. The data were analyzed using Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA). The hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study showed that Pupils taught mathematics with computer assisted instruction package in Nupe language performed better than those taught with conventional teaching method and gender has effect on their mathematics achievement scores. It was recommended that mathematics teachers should continuously use computer packages in teaching mathematics as it guarantees improvement in students' achievement in mathematics.

This study researched the effect of interactive computer programs and visual materials on the success and retention of physics lesson. Inclined projectile motion was selected as the subject. While the lessons were taught with interactive physics, various visual computer programs and the support of computer in the experimental group, they were taught according to the conventional teaching method in the control group. As a consequence, it was aimed to compare the effect of these two applications upon the academic success and retention of learning. The sample of the study was consisted of 84 students receiving education at a secondary school in Ankara. Pretest-posttest experimental design with control group was used in the study. According to the t-test results of independent groups that were performed on experimental and control groups after teaching, it was concluded that the teaching, which was performed on the experimental group with interactive computer programs and visual materia...

Problem Statement: Drafting course is essential for students in the design disciplines for becoming more organized and for complying with standards in the educational system. Drafting knowledge is crucial, both for comprehension of the issues and for the implementation phase. In any design project, drafting performance and success are as important as the design process, especially in the educational environments aimed at professional life. However, there have been relatively any studies undertaken in the area of the success and time saving of the conventional drafting and computer-aided drafting (CAD) techniques, besides the design process, especially for furniture and interior design educations. In this direction, some questions emerge in the study. Is there really a difference on quality, success and drafting time between conventional drafting and CAD techniques in interior drafting field? If there is a difference, at which time or process does the drafting technique gain speed? Purpose of study: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of conventional and computer-aided drafting (CAD) techniques on drafting performances of design students. Furthermore, it was explored which technique was more time, speed and quality-efficient.

Problem Statement: Drafting course is essential for students in the design disciplines for becoming more organized and for complying with standards in the educational system. Drafting knowledge is crucial, both for comprehension of the issues and for the implementation phase. In any design project, drafting performance and success are as important as the design process, especially in the educational environments aimed at professional life. However, there have been relatively any studies undertaken in the area of the success and time saving of the conventional drafting and computer-aided drafting (CAD) techniques, besides the design process, especially for furniture and interior design educations. In this direction, some questions emerge in the study. Is there really a difference on quality, success and drafting time between conventional drafting and CAD techniques in interior drafting field? If there is a difference, at which time or process does the drafting technique gain speed? Purpose of study: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of conventional and computer-aided drafting (CAD) techniques on drafting performances of design students. Furthermore, it was explored which technique was more time, speed and quality-efficient.

Single Crystals of L-Lysine doped Triglycine Sulfate (TGS) were grown by conventional method. The grown crystals were characterized by single crystal XRD, Powder XRD, FTIR, UV-Vis Spectroscopy and Microhardness. The single crystal and powder XRD was to study the morphology and structure of the grown crystal. The presence of functional group of the materials was qualitatively estimated by FTIR. The optical nature of the crystal was studied by UV-Vis spectroscopy. Mechanical properties were determined by Microhardness studies. The results were discussed.