Craft Guilds

The relationship between the state and the voluntary sector has changed significantly since 1948 when Beveridge's major report, Voluntary Action, was first published. Sixty years later, a group of historians analyse and reassess the impact of Beveridge's ideas about voluntary action ...

La hacienda municipal de época foral y las bases financieras de las instituciones locales han constituido tan sólo un soslayado objeto de estudio en el largo periplo recorrido por la historiografía valenciana. A las primeras y genéricas aproximaciones de Francisco García de Cáceres 1 siguieron algunas acotaciones sobre impuestos locales o generales 2 , y más tarde algunos análisis pormenorizados sobre ámbitos cronológicos y espaciales precisos '. La adara-

This article explores how the so-called “Cyriakus Battle” of 1323 evolved from a medieval memorial ritual into a modern civic celebration, shaping the identity of the St. Johannis shooting guild in Borken. Based on limited historical records and a now-lost church inscription, the battle narrative tells of a victory by Borken’s citizens over Geldrian forces during the Bredevoort feud. While early sources do not mention shooting guilds, the 16th-century reinterpretation of the event transformed it into a foundational myth of Borken’s urban community. Initially rooted in religious memoria and liturgical practices, the remembrance was gradually secularized into a town feast, starting with city-sponsored meals and almsgiving. This transformation served the political interests of the city council, reinforcing social cohesion and legitimizing its authority amid the inner tensions of urban society. The growing involvement of the shooting guilds in representing the city at official events further entrenched their association with the historic battle. Over time, these associations enabled the guilds—especially the St. Johannis shooters formed in the 1840s—to claim symbolic continuity with the defenders of 1323. In the 19th century, the guild's privileged status was reinforced by the dissolution of other traditional civic bodies under French and Prussian reforms. The narrative was cemented through romanticized local historiography, particularly in Bernhard Mensinck’s fictionalized 1844 account. Ultimately, the Cyriakus myth became a tool for constructing bourgeois civic identity and memory in Borken.

Par la charte publiée de manière critique dans cet ouvrage, le grand voïvode Hrvoje Vukčić, en sa qualité de vicaire du roi Ladislas de Naples, et à la demande des représentants de la commune de Šibenik, Nikola, fils de Teodosije et Saracen, fils de Koža, a confirmé le rapport du chapitre de Nin sur lʼenquête menée à lʼoccasion de lʼexpulsion des nobles de Šibenik de la ville par la citoyenneté en 1358. année. Lʼenquête a été menée entre le 1er et le 26. mai 1403., conformément à lʼordre de Hrvoje du 1er mai. Lʼenquête a également été initiée par les habitants de Šibenik qui, pour une raison inconnue, voulaient obtenir la confirmation officielle de Hrvoje sur les événements survenus à Šibenik il y a 45 ans. Les enquêteurs étaient le chanoine de Nin Juraj et le noble croate Nikola, fils de Grgur, du village Lukarić. Après avoir visité Šibenik, où ils ont été informés des détails de lʼenquête, ils ont interrogé de nombreux représentants des villes dalmates (principalement Split, Trogir et Nin) et leurs chapitres, des nobles croates, ainsi que des personnes non nobles de Dalmatie et de Croatie. Toutes les personnes interrogées, parmi lesquelles se distinguent les nobles croates Stjepan Bujšinić de Butina Vas, Nenad Semjunić de Cetina, Ivan Dminojević de Siverić et Vlatko Segotić de Luka, ont témoigné que la rébellion des citoyens de Šibenik a eu lieu en juin 1358. et quʼelle a eu pour résultat dans lʼexpulsion des nobles de Šibenik. Le ban dalmate-croate Nicolas Szécsi a été envoyée (fin 1358. ou début 1359.) par le roi Lajoš pour régler les questions controversées en Dalmatie et en Croatie. Ban Nikola, après avoir consulté les partis adverses, mais aussi les nobles Croates et Dalmates, a rentré les nobles de Šibenik dans la ville en août 1359. et punit les citoyens. Il a également déterminé que les fonctionnaires royaux ne devraient pas imposer de pratiques inhabituelles lors de la réclamation de lʼimpôt appelé trentième (trigesima). La charte de Hrvoje au peuple de Šibenik, qui contient les copies certifiées intégrales de lʼordre de Hrvoje au chapitre de Nin et le rapport du chapitre de Nin sur lʼenquête menée, a été conservée dans lʼoriginal et en deux exemplaires.

When one thinks of service relations pertaining to craftsmen and kingship, we first think of a relationship based on the exercise of the artisan’s art and thus of production and exchange relations. The proximity of workshops to early medieval palaces, such as Reccopolis, Marlenheim, Orléans, Paderbond, Tilleda, or Pavia, is a strong indicator that kingship was supported by craft production in direct relation to power. Craftsmen and especially smiths were, as Ducun Wright beautifully put it, crafters of kingship since weapons, jewels, and precious metals were essential for the self-representation of the prince and the reinforcement of his fidelity network through gift-giving. For instance, in all stories relating to Weiland, the hero-smith of Germanic mythology, he ends up in the service of King Niðhad crafting weapons as well as other status-related objects. He then betrays his lord and flees his service, which can be interpreted as an indicator for the disgraceful position of smiths and their otherness. However, much is left unsaid by the stories of Wayland or by the proximity of workshops to palaces. What was the nature of these craftsmen’s relation to the king; their social standing among the other court members; or their financial condition, that is their relation to the land? The question that is then raised concerns the nature of artisans’ service to kingly power, and their social distinction not as practitioners of crafts but as social actors. Was their service limited to the exercise of their craft as crafters of kingship, or could they be engaged in relations with other members of the court as peers and part of royal aristocratic circles? The already thin historiography of early medieval craftsmen is quite focused on their sole production role, as most economic historians dedicated only a few pages to the subject. However, many failed to acknowledge artisans’ well-documented role as landowners or their relationship with the powerful. In regional studies, we do find notable allusions to craftsmen as social actors outside their productive role. Only recently do we find some noteworthy research on specific professions or social groups which encompass a broader view of crafts-people. The present article thus aims to push a serious reflection on royal artisans not as productors but as individuals deeply embedded within their society.

Using the case study of Autulus, a royal goldsmith in Benevento as a starting point and various examples selected from charter material and hagiography as comparisons, I demonstrate that craftsmen’s relations with kings could be based on service and fidelity. The proximity to kings enabled some royal artisans, like the goldsmiths Autulus and Eligius, to evolve within the highest aristocratic circles of their time and to hold land on the same level as many other aristocrats.

This article attempts to analyse the municipal rolls of newly admitted burghers for Nowy Staw from 1736–1811 in the context of the migration processes taking place in the town. On the basis of the research methods used and the appropriate grouping of the material, it was possible to conclude that the vast majority of resi- dents who obtained small or large citizenship were native Nowy Staw residents or people born within a radius of 25 km from the town. Furthermore, it seems that the distance from which settlers arrived, especially in the case of those who acquired a large citizenship, had a significant impact on their occupation. Those with a large citizenship who were native newcomers or who lived in the immediate vicinity of the town were predominantly engaged in farming. Tradesmen predominated among residents born in regions within 25–100 km of Nowy Staw, while freelancers predominated among those born in regions more than 100 km from the town. The analyses carried out made it possible to identify the main directions of migration to and from Nowy Staw and to determine their dynamics, which clearly changed from 1772 onwards. The article also pays attention to the age at which citizenship was most often acquired. Thus, it can be concluded that among those accepted as citizens of Nowy Staw, people between 22 and 32 years of age predominated.

El present estudi proposa una aproximació als gremis catalans durant el període modern a partir de l’anàlisi institucional de dues qüestions de vital importància, les pràctiques deliberatives gremials i la seva vinculació amb l’entramat de poders que condicionà la vida de les corporacions. A partir de la bibliografia disponible i d’un cert rerefons documental, es pretén traçar una perspectiva general d’aquestes dues qüestions i de les línies obertes per al’aprofundiment del seu estudi futur.

The present study proposes an approach to Catalan craft guilds during the Early Modern period based on the institutional analysis of two crucial issues: guild deliberative practices and their connection with the network of powers that shaped the life of these corporations. Drawing on the available bibliography and a documentary background, our aim is to outline a general perspective on these two issues and the avenues for further in-depth study in the future.

Nel XIV secolo il Comune di Perugia e la corporazione dei mercanti erano entità autonome, ma unite nel difendere i valori su cui si fondava l’esistenza della civitas sibi princeps, al cui governo l’Arte della Mercanzia partecipava in via permanente. I rispettivi statuti tessevano la rete delle reciproche competenze normative e giurisdizionali, riservando alla giustizia mercantile
qualunque controversia avesse per oggetto un “fatto di mercanzia”, anche laddove le parti non fossero entrambe mercanti.

In the 14th century, the Commune of Perugia and the merchants’ guild were autonomous entities, but united in defending the values on which the existence of the civitas sibi princeps was based, in whose government the merchants’ guild participated on a permanent basis. Their respective statutes wove the web of reciprocal regulatory and jurisdictional competences. Disputes concerning any factum mercantie were reserved to the mercantile jurisdiction, even if the parties were not both merchants.

Economisch- en sociaal-historisch onderzoek heeft de laatste decennia steeds meer inzicht verschaft in vroegere arbeidsrelaties, met name in de periode 1400-1800. Tot nu toe zijn deze inzichten nog nauwelijks doorgedrongen tot HRM-kringen, wellicht ook omdat de benadering van deze bevindingen vanuit een specifiek HRM-perspectief veelal ontbreekt. Deze bijdrage is bedoeld om in die lacune te voorzien en zo bij te dragen aan het slaan van een brug tussen het actuele HRM-onderzoek en het economisch en sociaal historische onderzoek op het gebied van vroege arbeidsrelaties.

This article proposes an analysis of artisans’ wages in early-modern Madrid from a perspective which, rather than the adult male’s, takes apprentices’ wages as the main reference, in both the private (artisan workshops) and the public sectors (mills in hospices and orphanages). It focuses on the monetary and non monetary compo-nents of artisans’ incomes, in order to uncover the mechanisms that regulated them, taking as explanatory elements the context of the workshop, the family cycle, and the leverage of journeymen’s associations. The empirical base comprises 1,953 in-denture contracts for 25 crafts, the accounting books of the Hospice of the Ave Maria and the foundling school of Ninas de la Paz, and the documentation related to con-flicts held between masters and journeymen over wages.

Pues bien, los pobladores indígenas con los que se toparon los conquistadores españoles en los territorios comprendidos entre los ríos Babahoyo y Daule fueron los Chono, a quienes se refieren muchos historiadores contemporáneos, así como viajeros de esa época, funcionarios de la corona española, soldados y clérigos, como más adelante se comprobará. El territorio que ocupaban los chonos comprendió lo que hoy conocemos como Balzar,

This article which employs descriptive and phenomenological study sought to establish an understanding of local gold and silversmiths on the uses of dies and punches in the production of jewellery. The study reveals that gold and silversmiths in Kumasi were not able to explore their ideas using embossing methods because they relied solely on the imported dome blocks and metal punches which could only produce domes and half dome forms which are used for onwards use as pendants, earrings and necklace. It also brought to light that prices of precious metals for jewellery is a major factor in pricing jewellery products but the adaptation of appropriate methods such as the making and usage of dies and punches in the studio practice would contribute to the reduction of overall cost of the end product. Local gold and silversmiths should be trained to make their own dies and punches to reduce their production cost.

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menyajikan hasil kajian interpretasi sejarah terhadap pergelaran seni Wayang Beber lakon Panji Jaka Kembang Kuning (dalam kalimat selanjutnya akan disingkat menjadi JKK) yang berada di kabupaten Pacitan. Lebih lanjut, Wayang Beber lakon JKK merupakan artefak Wayang Beber tertua yang tersisa di Indonesia, hal ini dinyatakan oleh Primadi Tabrani pada penelitiannya di tahun 1981 dan diterangkan pada buku Bahasa Rupa yang diterbitkan tahun 2005. Latar dari cerita Wayang Beber JKK ini adalah cerita Panji, sebuah cerita yang cukup masif di Nusantara, terutama di pulau Jawa pada era kerajaan Kediri dan juga kerajaan Majapahit. Moda pagelaran dari Wayang Beber Pacitan memakai konsep pagelaran minimalis, dan cara pembacaan visualnya menggunakan teknik pembacaan Ruang Waktu Datar (RWD) sebuah teknik untuk membaca gambar tradisi di Nusantara. Penelitian dalam artikel ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif, dimana data yang dikumpulkan bersifat deskriptif berupa uraian mengenai keadaan sebagaimana adanya sumber data baik secara sumber tertulis, sumber lisan, sumber artefak dan sumber rekaman audio visual. Temuan dari artikel ini akan menyingkap dugaan relevansi kesejarahan bahwa seni Wayang Beber lakon JKK di Pacitan diciptakan untuk menginterpretasikan suatu peristiwa dan menyimbolkan suatu sosok tokoh tertentu di masa lampau melalui cerita Panji.
Kata kunci: Seni, Wayang Beber, Panji, Sejarah

В статье впервые публикуется грамота князя Дмитрия Ежи Вишневецкого от 17 ноября 1679 г., дарованная ткачам волынского города Дубно. Документ, относящийся ко времени фактического владения Вишневецкого Острожской ординацией, происходит из коллекции Н. П. Лихачева и хранится в архиве Санкт-Петербургского Института истории РАН (Западноевропейская секция). Число такого рода грамот XVII в. ремесленникам Правобережья невелико, и нахождение каждого образчика представляется важным для истории региона и дипломатики польского привилея. Дубно был важным торговым и ремесленным центром Луцкого повета, известным в том числе своими тканями. До сегодняшнего дня было известно о факте существования цеха дубенских ткачей в городе, получившем магдебургское право в начале XVI века, однако дата начала деятельности цеха не была известна. Кроме того, документ содержит ряд статей, определяющих правовые основы цеховой организации в части отношений с муниципальными властями и Церковью. Это позволяет нам говорить об особенном и отличном в условиях деятельности ткацкого цеха в Дубно и в других городах Юго-Западной Руси.

The article introduces into scientific circulation a previously unpublished charter of Prince Dymitr Jerzy Wiśniowiecki dated November 17, 1679, granted to the weavers of Dubno (Volyn, Polish Kingdom). Thus, the act dates back to the time of Wiśniowiecki’s actual ownership of the Ostrog entail. The document belongs to the collection of N. P. Likhachev and is stored in the Archive of St. Petersburg Institute of History, Russian Academy of Sciences (Western European Section). The number of charters of this kind from the 17th century to the craftsmen of the Right Bank Dnieper region is small, and the discovery of each example seems important for the local history and the diplomatic studies in Polish privilege. Dubno was an important trade and craft center of Lutsk powiat, famous among other things for its textiles. Until today, it was known about the existence of a weavers’ guild in the city of Dubno, which received Magdeburg law at the beginning of the 16th century, but the date when the guild began its activities was not known. Moreover, the document contains a number of articles defining the legal basis of the guild organization in terms of relations with municipal authorities and the Church. This allows us to talk about what is special and different in the conditions of activity of the weaving guild in Dubno and in other cities of South-Western Rus’.

C es journées consacrées à l'analyse des « objets et contenus » des réglementations de métier se proposent de considérer toutes les sortes de règles qui encadrent les activités professionnelles, qu'il s'agisse de coutumes, de règles éparses prises à des moments différents, ou de statuts de métier. Dans ce dernier cas, le règlement sera considéré en tant qu'ensemble, dans une approche résolument dynamique et comparative. Si, à juste titre, certains articles sont souvent isolés pour rendre compte de tel ou tel aspect de la norme, nous proposons, au cours de ces troisièmes journées de chercher à envisager chaque norme comme un tout qui, certes, n'est pas figé et peut résulter de révisions multiples lui donnant un caractère quelque peu hétérogène, mais n'en demeure pas moins souvent unifié, pour les contemporains, sous une référence unique. La réglementation des métiers sera donc envisagée sous toutes ses formes (écrites et non écrites) notamment par le croisement de différentes sources afin d'en comparer et d'en singulariser autant que possible les objets et contenus, à un moment, en un lieu ou pour un métier ou un ensemble de métiers donnés. C'est, en effet, par l'analyse des contenus que nous entendons chercher à saisir les finalités effectives de la réglementation, et mieux appréhender, au-delà des buts revendiqués dans les préambules de certains textes, les visées sous-jacentes ou implicites de ces normes. Comité d'organisation Philippe Bernardi (CNRS-LaMOP) Caroline Bourlet (CNRS-IRHT) Maxime L'Héritier (Paris 8-HISPOSS/ArScAn) Corine Maitte (UPEM-ACP) Judicaël Petrowiste (Paris Diderot-ICT)

https://www.youtube.com/@mariapaolazanoboni2443/videos
Il lavoro delle donne nel medioevo è stato lungamente circoscritto in settori molto definiti, quale il ruolo domestico e la custodia e l'allevamento degli animali. Maria Paola Zanoboni, affermata studiosa della società europea tardo medievale ha rivendicato l'importanza e l'estensione della fatica femminile su tutto l'arco della produzione e dello scambio di merci. Parlerà del lavoro delle donne Maria Paola Zanoboni; interverranno Miriam Davide e Paolo Cammarosano. Le lezioni saranno registrate e verranno collocate nella piattaforma riservata ai soci.

Led by an interdisciplinary consortium, the Garzoni project undertakes the study of apprenticeship, work and society in early modern Venice by focusing on a specific archival source, namely the Accordi dei Garzoni from the Venetian State Archives. The project revolves around two main phases with, in the first instance, the design and the development of tools to extract and render information contained in the documents (according to Semantic Web standards) and, as a second step, the examination of such information. This paper outlines the main progress and achievements during the first year of the project.

The Spanish pre-capitalist social organization of labour was threatened in an unprecedented way by the state, the merchant capital and some prosperous artisans during the last decades of the eighteenth century. The interests of these three agents came together to challenge the principles of the guild system and even its continuity. Within a negative economic context, the Enlightenment's governments were determined to undermine the said Old Regime institution which guaranteed a more equitable distribution of the social product and was therefore considered a nuisance and worth abolishing. The dismantling project coming from above was accompanied by an acute crisis at the very heart of the guilds themselves, due to the increasing impoverishment and proletarianization of their labourers. Taking into account both artisans' ideology and Enlightenment discourse, this paper examines how these processes were manifested in the city of Madrid. Focussing on the period 1750-1836 allows us to assess the economic changes which were implemented during the last decades of the eighteenth century and how they affected the artisan labour force. Finally, we shed some light on the guilds' resistance which was most evident in the decade of 1820, and question those views of guild abolition which are exclusively based on a legal approach to the 1834 and 1836 decrees.

Este artículo se propone calibrar el comportamiento de los gremios artesanos de Madrid a la luz de las últimas investigaciones continentales. En una primera parte se desmontan ciertos tópicos sobre los gremios como el esquematismo de su organización productiva, la persecución de un ideal mesocrático o la excesiva importancia concedida a la normativa. En la segunda parte se cuestiona la endogamia profesional como fórmula universal de los oficios para enfrentarse al cambio histórico. Para ello ha sido fundamental la recopilación de información procedente de las cartas de aprendizaje (más de 2.600) y examen (casi 10.000) de los siglos XVII y XVIII. Gracias al contraste de estos datos con los procedentes de las ordenanzas gremiales o los emanados de la tributación, hemos podido ofrecer una imagen más rica y dinámica de la economía urbana, muy alejada del parasitismo al que había quedado relegado la ciudad que albergaba la Corte española.

This paper analyses the behaviour of Madrid artisan guilds in the early modern period, taking into account the latest continental findings in this field. The first part of this paper is devoted to debunk some cliches commonly held about the guild system, such as their schematic production organization, their aspiration to a middling social position and their excessive attachment to ordinances. In the second part, we question the alleged professional inbreeding of trade guilds as a universal formula to face up historical change. To this purpose, we have gathered evidence from over 2,600 indenture contracts together with nearly 10,000 mastership charts of the 17th and 18th centuries. Contrasting these data with guild regulations and tax rolls, a rich and a dynamic view of urban economics is provided, quite far from the parasitical role attributed by former historiography to the capital of the Spanish monarchy.

This article proposes an analysis of artisans’ wages in early-modern Madrid from a perspective which, rather than the adult male’s, takes apprentices’ wages as the main reference, in both the private (artisan workshops) and the public sectors (mills in hospices and orphanages). It focuses on the monetary and non monetary compo-nents of artisans’ incomes, in order to uncover the mechanisms that regulated them, taking as explanatory elements the context of the workshop, the family cycle, and the leverage of journeymen’s associations. The empirical base comprises 1,953 in-denture contracts for 25 crafts, the accounting books of the Hospice of the Ave Maria and the foundling school of Ninas de la Paz, and the documentation related to con-flicts held between masters and journeymen over wages.

En esta investigación se estudia el papel de los gremios artesanos en la integración o segregación étnica del trabajo y en los movimientos migratorios que tuvieron lugar en Latinoamérica en la época colonial. El énfasis se centra en los gremios de dos capitales virreinales —México y Lima— más su contrapunto en las corporaciones de dos ciudades más o menos cercanas a cada una, como Puebla de los Ángeles y Cusco. El artículo se sustenta en el análisis de aproximadamente 1200 cartas de examen, fuente que permite conocer si la regulación corporativa en materia de castas se llevó a la práctica. El texto también pretende integrar la revisión de la procedencia de los nuevos maestros artesanos en el problema más general de la evolución urbana latinoamericana y de la composición étnica de los flujos migratorios que se dieron del campo a la ciudad.

LVII Settimana di Studi Le associazioni di mestiere nell'economia dell'Europa preindustriale (secoli XII-XVIII) • Trade associations in the economy of pre-industrial Europe (12th-18th centuries) Prato, 10-14 maggio 2026 Cristoforo de Predis (ca. 1450-1460), De Sphaera (Modena, Biblioteca Estense Universitaria, a.X.2.14

This paper explores the ways in which, in the absence of banks, guilds and religious foundations of the Ottoman Empire formed capital and lent it in the form of credit to its members and others, thereby creating credit markets in what might be called as proto-bank financial environment and establishing what can be seen as an ancestral form of co-operative. To this end, I have retrieved data from such archival units as guild, monastic and parish church registers from the Central Archive of the State, Albania and am analysing them in a comparative perspective. After a general outline of their origins and legal framework in which guilds and parish churches operated in the Ottoman Empire, the paper looks into capital formation methods, through fixed contributions by new and old members of these organisations and payments of interests from repaid credit. I shall also look at control mechanisms, such as the avoidance of the hoarding (and misuse) of financial resources; credit patterns; risk management strategies, through profiling and a system of guarantors that provided remedy to the asymmetries of information characterising pre-industrial local economies; as well as checks and balances system to avoid corruption and abuse of communal funds. The paper suggests that the multiplication of community-controlled credit markets prevented the establishment of capital supply monopolies or oligopolies, controlled by a few groups of companies.

Pokusme se odpovědět na tuto otázku nikoliv pomocí literatury, esejistiky, politologie či architektury, jak tomu často bylo v minulosti, ale pomocí pevně vymezeného parametru, kterým je charakter městských sídel a urbánní krajiny. Na jejím vývoji v západoslovanském areálu můžeme totiž sledovat jak výrazný kulturní zlom a vývojovou diskontinuitu, tak také jejich důsledky -totiž zrod nového kulturního okruhu, který proměňuje situaci sídelní, kulturní, sociální a etnickou. K popsání tohoto kulturně historického zlomu nám poslouží především výsledky archeologického bádání, poznatky vyplývající ze studia dobových pramenů a dějiny sídelních struktur. Základem urbánní krajiny střední Evropy se stala západoslovanská sídelní síť, která se rozvíjela od 7. do 12. století. V průběhu tohoto dlouhého období došlo nejprve ke zformování elitní vrstvy západoslovanské společnosti a následně i k vybudování protourbánní struktury, která byla v celém slovanském areálu založena na hradištních aglomeracích. V západoslovanské oblasti začala vznikat první hradiště už v průběhu 8. století, skutečně bouřlivý vývoj zaznamenáváme pak od

The 18th-century silk district of Turin was not merely a cluster of workshops—it was an urban laboratory of economic, social, and cultural transformation. This study rethinks the concept of the industrial district by going beyond the loom, exploring how silk production wove together technical innovation, urban architecture, labor migrations, and political ambition. From a peripheral town to a central hub in Europe’s silk network, Turin underwent a metamorphosis where space, labor, and knowledge merged into a complex productive ecosystem. At the heart of this web: home-based workshops, proto-industrial entrepreneurs, female artisans, and public institutions. Through individual lives and structural crises, a vibrant yet fragile district takes shape—one that reveals the tensions between tradition and modernity, social control and mobility, the local and the global. Turin’s silk industry thus becomes a lens for reading economic history as a story of relationships, aspirations, and deep territorial change.

Articolo relativo alle pubblicazioni date alle stampe da parte dell'Accademia Senese degli Intronati, inserito in un volume realizzato in occasione dell'apertura delle celebrazioni per il Cinquecentenario dell'Accademia Senese degli Intronati (1525-2025)

In the backdrop of the early modern period, characterized by dynamic shifts in productive relationships, the socio-economic landscape witnessed the emergence of a burgeoning capitalist bourgeois class distinguished by its ownership of machinery, active participation in market dynamics, and influential roles in shaping labor organization, heralded a departure from traditional modes of production.

In response, craft guilds emerged as purported guardians of master craftsmen interests. Over time, these guilds evolved into insular entities, effectively excluding the broader labor force and perpetuating socio-economic disparities. Through an exploration of Italian historical contexts, this study endeavors to dissect the intricate interplay between merchants' political agency and their strategic alliances with the state within the framework of mercantilism. This alliance, driven by mutual interests, often sought legal avenues to circumvent the restrictive structures imposed by guilds, thereby reshaping the socio-economic landscape and challenging established power dynamics.

In the meantime, amidst shifting labor dynamics and heightened precarity, journeymen sought recognition and protection of their occupational status through appeals to the state. This plea materialized in the form of requests for the establishment of legal journeymen’ guilds, aimed at safeguarding their professional identities and addressing systemic inequities. In this struggle for legitimacy and empowerment, the principal adversaries of the laborers emerged as the entrenched masters, whose dominance faced erosion amidst evolving socio-economic paradigms.

Yet, amidst these transformations, the masters themselves grappled with the forces of change. The process of proletarianization, catalyzed by shifting state-citizen dynamics and evolving mercantile structures, precipitated a fundamental reevaluation of their professional standing and societal roles. Through an interdisciplinary approach combining historical analysis and socio-economic inquiry, this study sheds light on the multifaceted dynamics of power, agency, and resistance within the context of Italy's journeyman guilds during the 18th century.

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar a importância do Ducado da Borgonha sob a governança da Casa Valois (1365-1477) na produção histórico-artística no limiar entre o medievo e a modernidade. Sua posição e sua territorialidade que facilitou a passagem de gentes, ideias e mercadorias de diversos tipos tornaram a região uma das mais ricas do século XV. Seu vínculo dinástico com a coroa francesa e seus limites em contato constante com o reino francês e o Sacro Império Romano-Germânico o fizeram um ducado sensível a procura de manter sua existência. A vida dos duques atesta essa busca, o incentivo a produção artística e a narrativa cronística foram fonte e marco desta demanda pela glória e pelo fausto borgonhês. Escritores e iluminadores foram extensivamente empregados na corte dos duques, suas guildas
tiveram ação pujante na produção de objetos artísticos, entre eles os manuscritos iluminados. É a partir desta associação entre Arte e História na Borgonha que selecionamos um desses mestres de guilda: Loyset Liédet (1420-1479), sua trajetória e sua produção como iluminador foram elencadas e algumas imagens analisadas neste trabalho conforme os níveis de compreensão de Erwin Panofsky (1892-1968).

This chapter considers the ways in which long-standing cultural discourses around economic activity, industrialisation, work, craft, and creativity inherited from the nineteenth century are still in circulation in the twenty-first century. This is explored in relation to the workings and cultural significance of the E-commerce site Etsy. In conclusion, it is argued that further research is needed into the motivations, meanings and experiences of those who use websites such as Etsy both as producers and consumers as well as into the ways in which these new digital spaces and platforms are also continually eroding the boundaries between the formal and informal economy, amateur and professional, work, pleasure and leisure to the point where work may become an extension of leisure or vice-versa and where home-working has become more commonplace for many people in new and emerging informal digitally-enabled economies.

Primarily through the analysis of relevant cases in law, this Article reviews the history of a single idea central to a heated modem debate of momentous social and legal import. It does so in the hope that an historical perspective will afford each of the two major parties to the modem debate a heightened understanding of its own agenda, and of the agenda of its adversary, and will thus contribute both to the tone and to the substance of the debate. The debate is about the meaning of family in contemporary American society and law. The idea central to this debate is that the best interests of children should be the principal consideration in family life, and in family law. The historical survey should advance the debate by demonstrating that the idea came into existence only recently; that as it evolved it improved significantly the lives of all children but those of the poor; and that one ancient institution whose decline it hastened was used, when near extinction, to the disadvantage of poor children. Between the two major parties to the debate--the advocates of traditional and of post-modem conceptions of the family'-the range of

SZYMON K. KORDYLEWSKI, EWA ŚNIEŻYŃSKA-STOLOT
THE HISTORY OF THE CITY SCHOOL NEAR ACADEMIC CHURCH
OF ST. FLORIAN IN KLEPARZ IN KRAKÓW, ESTABLISHED IN 1187 –
THE UNDERRATED AND OVERLOOKED SCHOOL CHRONICLE
Key words: Kleparz, History of the St. Florian School, Tomasz Rudnicki, Aleksander
Pająk
SUMMARY
This article discusses the underrated and overlooked chronicle called The History of
City School Near Academic Church of St. Fliorian…, which was preserved in the Primary
School nr 7 in Kraków on 8 Spasowskiego St. and found years ago in the school’s
collection by Szymon K. Kordylewski. Article is divided into: Introduction, The history
of the parochial school of St. Florian, The iconography of the parochial school of
St. Florian, The structure of the parochial school of St. Florian, The curriculum of the
parochial school of St. Florian, The teachers, The teacher’s salaries, The students, The
pupils, The important events from the school’s life and various initiatives. It contains an
index of the teachers and students (in selection) as well as illustrations and photographs
from family collections, since the ancestors of the authors of the article were teachers
who also directed the school. The author of The History of the City School… is Tomasz
Rudnicki, the teacher directing the school of St. Florian, who also transcribed a number
of documents regarding the school and its teachers and pupils. The text was created between
1870 and 1871 commanded by the Governor’s Commission [sic!] from January 2,
1864, announced in the School Circular. In the years 1873–1900 The History of the City
School… was being supplemented on an ongoing basis on blank cards (p. 31–62, 91–109)
by eight different people, among whom it was possible to identify, besides that of Tomasz
Rudnicki (died 1882), the handwriting of the subsequent school principals: Aleksander
Pająk (1834–1899) and Karol Drozdowski (1855–1923). The manuscript, presumably in
1900, was bound in leather in the bookbinding workshop of R.D. Horowitz in Kraków,
with embossed, gold-plated inscription: The History of the School near St. Florian in
Kleparz in Kraków. This manuscript is an important source for the history of primary
schools in Kraków during the period of partitions as well as the history of education and
the teacher’s position.

MA Thesis directed by Dr. Jaume Dantí i Riu (Universitat de Barcelona), defended in Barcelona in September 2024.

Between 1652 and 1751, the organization of the wool textile industry in Terrassa underwent substantial changes. Over the course of approximately one hundred years, the town’s productive system shifted from a dual guild structure within a broader framework of regulations and productive autonomy to a more centralized model controlled by a few individuals from the paraires guild. This study examines the processes that enabled this transformation through the exercise of power in productive relations. During a period of change marked by the imposition of the Nueva Planta regime, a complex interplay of old and new powers facilitated the emergence of the social dynamics that would later underpin Terrassa’s industrialization.


Entre 1652 i 1751 l'organització del treball tèxtil llaner de Terrassa canvià substancialment. Al llarg d'uns cent anys, l'organització productiva de la vila passà d'un sistema gremial doble en un marc més ample de regulacions i autonomia productiva a un model més concentrat, en mans d'uns quants individus del gremi de paraires. El present treball analitza el conjunt de processos que possibilitaren aquest canvi a partir de la pràctica del poder en les relacions productives. En un temps de canvi com fou la imposició

Master Craftsmen Exam of the Tailors' Guild in the Czech Lands this study deals with the establishment and course of the tailors' master craftsmen exam in the historical territory of Bohemia, moravia and Silesia from the middle ages to the 19 th century. Based on a comparison of sources pertaining to guilds-especially of the articles of the guild, official registers and books of tailoring patterns-the author analyzes the beginning of the master craftsmen exam in the middle ages, how its main characteristics (such as payments, the length of training, the course of the exam) were being formed, as well as the subsequent changes during the early modern age. great emphasis is placed on masterpieces, their variety or the way they were made; to this aim, the author uses some up to now unknown or seldom used sources such as lists of masterpieces or protocols pertaining to the master craftsmen exams. a milestone with respect to researching the master craftsmen exam became the approval of the general articles of the guild in 1739, while this study compares regulations on the exams and masterpieces with the previous practice. using the example of tailors from mirošov u rokycan, the final part of this paper studies the course of the master craftsmen exam in the period following the issuance of the general articles of the guild.

The protocols recording the course of master examinations are a unique source to understand guild issues, yet historical and ethnological research has not paid much attention to them. From the environment of tailor guilds in the Czech lands, three quite large sets of these protocols were found; these were conceived as books in the cities of Aš, Krnov, and Česká Kamenice. While the first two books contain brief protocols that do not allow for a too deep insight into the course of the examination, the one from Česká Kamenice is unique in terms of its thorough nature and connection to other and similarly rare sources (the book of patterns), and it offers a detailed insight into the course and complexity of the tailors’ master examination. When analysing mistakes mentioned in the case of presented garments, we can imagine the demanding character of particular master pieces, when some of them were beyond the abilities of four of the five journeymen tested. The frequently repeated mistakes indicate insufficient preparation and the inability of journeymen to access drawing and measuring of cuts − the greatest secrets of master tailors. The conclusion of the treatise raises the question of the success rate of master and non-master sons, whereby the limited sample of tailors from Česká Kamenice demonstrates that the second group was more successful during the examination.

El artículo examina el activismo de los oficiales zapateros de Barcelona entre 1830 y 1860, así como sus condicionantes económicos, legales, políticos y culturales. Además de crear sus propias cooperativas y sociedades obreras, los zapateros se involucraron en federaciones locales para resistir a la precarización de sus condiciones laborales, especialmente el desarrollo del trabajo domiciliar a destajo y el recurso a la mano de obra femenina e infantil. Aunque adoptaban una actitud conciliadora con sus maestros y afirmaban su adhesión al liberalismo, sólo pudieron asociarse de manera intermitente y con restricciones. Las sociedades fueron un medio de sociabilización de los zapateros, que les permitió adquirir experiencia organizativa autónoma y empezar a construir una identidad colectiva de clase. Si bien se confirma su protagonismo social, no se puede concluir que se singularizaban por su radicalidad.
PALABRAS CLAVE: Sociedades de socorros mutuos, sociedades de resistencia, zapateros, Barcelona, liberalismo

The paper examines the activism of Barcelona's cobblers between 1830 and 1860, as well as its economic, legal, political and cultural conditioning factors. In addition to creating their own cooperatives and workers' societies, the shoemakers became involved in local federations to oppose the growing precariousness of their working conditions, especially the development of piecework at home and the use of female and child labour. Although they adopted a conciliatory attitude towards their masters and affirmed their liberal convictions, they were only allowed to associate intermittently and with restrictions. The societies were a means of socialisation, which enabled the cobblers to acquire autonomous organisational experience and to begin to build a collective class identity. Although their social protagonism is confirmed, it cannot be concluded that they stood out for their radicalism.
KEY WORDS: Mutual Aid Societies, Resistance Societies, Shoemakers, Barcelona, Liberalism

Slovenian territory cannot boast a plethora of annals and chronicles dating to the Middle Ages, and the number of such sources is not large for the early modern period either. This is especially true for proper town annals or chronicles. Given the reasons that dictated the recording of events by city officials, it is not surprising that very few of them produced systematic records of memorable events. There were certainly more documents to begin with than those which survived to the point of becoming the object of interest for preservationists and researchers, but the ratio between the material produced and the material preserved remains unclear. The existence of some (proto)annals can be inferred from their instrumentalization. When towns reported their troubles to higher authorities and addressed requests to them, they listed disasters and other events supported by years and, in some cases, dates. Two Carniolan towns, Novo mesto and Kamnik, might have had some kind of annals or records of local historical events; they were the ones to respond to polymath J. V. Valvasor’s printed circular letter of 1680.
But there cannot have been many Carniolan towns in Valvasor’s time that were in the habit of writing chronicles or annals. No such record has survived in the form of a separate document, nor is its existence unambiguously indicated in other sources. Even for Ljubljana, there are only two extant manuscript chronicles, and they were made by
private individuals from the 17th and early 18th centuries. Thus, of city annals produced in city offices, one can only identify the Krško Annals (1601–1646), scattered in several places in the socalled city book, and extracts of the Kostanjevica Annals (1617–1686).
Each was the result of the personal initiative and work of the city clerk, in both cases a long-standing scribe. The Krško City Book is a clear example of the gradual creation of annals in a book that was not intended solely for this genre of record, while the Kostanjevica extracts are an example of the instrumentalization of this type of written testimony. The Kostanjevica extracts have survived in two versions, their purpose being to show the authorities the reasons why the town was in such a poor state. The Krško and Kostanjevica town annals attracted attention as early as the mid-19th century. In the present paper, they are published in Slovenian translation in their integral form.

Text je prezentací dílčích výsledků víceletého plošného průzkumu památek barokního zlatnictví na historickém území Moravy, souběžně doplněného archivním výzkumem, zaměřeného na podrobnější poznávání sakrálních předmětů v majetku římskokatolické církve zhotovených z drahých kovů, jež jsou prohlášenými kulturními památkami České republiky. Nepředpokládaným bonusem bylo též nalezeni prací několika moravských mistrů, jejichž veškeré dílo bylo považováno za navždy ztracené nebo jejichž jmena dosud nebyla v odborné literatuře uvedena. Většina zkoumaných předmětů představuje trvající kvalitu moravského zlatnického uměni v 17. a 18. století, jehož tvůrci úspěšně konkurovali augsburským, vídeňským či pražským zlatníkům. Nová zjištění rovněž mění pohled na význam brněnského zlatnictví té doby. Prostřednictvím vybraných příkladů chceme zviditelnit některé jeho osobnosti, jejichž tvorba je v odborné literatuře dosud málo známá. / The text presents partial results of a multi-year survey of the monuments of Baroque goldsmithing in the historical territory of Moravia, simultaneously supplemented by archival research, aimed at a more detailed understanding of sacral objects in the possession of the Roman Catholic Church made of precious metals, which are declared cultural monuments of the Czech Republic. An unforeseen bonus was also the discovery of the works of several Moravian masters whose entire oeuvre had been considered lost forever or whose names had not yet been mentioned in the literature. Most of the objects examined represent the enduring quality of Moravian goldsmithing in the 17th and 18th centuries, whose artists successfully competed with Augsburg, Vienna and Prague goldsmiths. The new findings also change the view of the importance of Brno goldsmithing at that time. Through selected examples, we want to make visible some of its personalities whose work is still little known in the literature.

Porovnání odlišností dochovaných profesních statut brněnských zlatníků z let 1367, 1567 a 1607, fungování jejich cechu v praxi a obecné srovnání, dle možností, s jinými, především pražskými a vídeňskými a příklady. / The author of this paper is comparing differences of the extant profes sional statutes of the Brno goldsmiths from 1367, 1567 and 1607. The main focus is put on the running of the guild really worked and, if possible, there is the compara tion of the results with other examples, mainly from Prague or Vienna.

This list was published in Travellers in Ottoman Lands II. This volume has a special focus on the Ottoman Balkans and Anatolia as seen and described by travellers from both within and outside the region. 26 papers  were selected for inclusion in the publication but there were many more excellent papers given at the Seminar in Sarajevo in 2022 that all combined to shed valuable light on the topics of Christian-Muslim and East-West relations, and the transition from the Ottoman Empire to successor nation-states in the 19th and early 20th centuries.
The three-day seminar was organised by the Association for the Study of Travel in Egypt and the Near East (ASTENE) in conjunction with the Faculty of Islamic Studies, University of Sarajevo, with additional support from Cornucopia magazine. This multi-disciplinary event attracted a wide range of participants from around the world, including Europe, the United States of America, the Balkans, Türkiye and other parts of the Middle East.