Economic Discourse

The paper deals with two ways of igurativeness of human Resource Management (hRM) vocabulary -igurative expressions belonging to the building and construction domain, on the one hand, and igurative phrasal verbs used to talk about human Resources, on the other. The main purpose of the paper is to examine the metaphoricity of selected combinations, i.e. to determine how they are motivated. In addition, it stresses a need for language practitioners to effectively incorporate igurative language into language teaching and learning by providing useful insights into the relationship between language and thought which, in turn, should lead to a structured pattern of internalising metaphorical language.

The literature in economic methodology has witnessed an increase in the number of studies which, drawing upon the postmodern turn in social sciences, pay serious attention to the non-epistemological/discursive elements of economic theorizing. This recent work on the “economic discourse” has thus added a new dimension to economic methodology by analyzing various discursive aspects of the construction of scientific meanings in economics. Taking a similar stance, this paper explores Michel Foucault’s archaeological analysis of scientific discourses. It aims to show that his archaeological reading of the history of economic thought provides an articulate non-epistemological framework for the analysis of the discursive elements in the history of economics and contemporary economic theorizing.

The paper entertains the hypothesis that the decline of Latin American-based inertial inflation theory was largely due to the instability in its theoretical communication. Starting in the 1950s, various traditions in economic thought purported to explain the concept of “inflation inertia”. Not only quite distinct meanings were ascribed to the term “inertia”, but also different narratives implied rather conflicting policy implications. The paper outlines the critical junctures at which such conflicts in theoretical parlance were smoothed out by the common goal of curbing the self-sustaining thrust of inflation in the region. Contributions by Celso Furtado, M.H. Simonsen, Julio Olivera and James Tobin are evaluated as points of departure from the typically discursive Latin-American structuralist mode of exposition. These authors strived to fit the core novelties of the inertial inflation theory into either mathematical formulations or conceptual frameworks more in tandem with then contemporaneous developments in macroeconomic theory. They did so whilst maintaining the key features of the CEPAL approach, namely, the presence of distributional conflicts and local institutional details such as wage and price indexation and balance of payments constraints. Paradoxically, by bridging the communication gap with the North-American developments, these authors helped to unveil the shortcomings of the Latin-American tradition in two crucial dimensions. First, the prominent policy-oriented nature of such debates led to association of this emerging approach to the sequence of failed heterodox stabilization plans in the 1980s. The second aspect refers to the debunking of the concept of inertia from its central position in the debates in the region in the late 1980s. Outright defense of the theory gave way to a massive exodus of several of its claimants towards the ongoing new neoclassical synthesis. The inertial inflation theory was thus gradually stripped of its previous substance and form, as it seemed not to fit the micro-foundations revolution that gained momentum in the 1980s.

Cieľom štúdie je zamerať pozornosť na procesy, späté so vznikom, klasifikáciou a charakteristikou neologických (novo)tvarov v ruskom a slovenskom terminologickom aspekte v oblasti ekonomiky a manažmentu. Štúdia si kladie za cieľ deskribovať základné a zásadné princípy a kritériá nominácie, klasifikácie a faktorov vzniku neologizmov, aplikácie (konsubstanciálnych) termínov a lexikálnych a sémantických neologizmov v aktuálnej sfére manažmentu. Objektom výskumu a komparácie sú neologizmy z oblasti ekonomické-ho diskurzu a osobitej sféry manažmentu v slovensko-ruskom a rusko-slovenskom komparatívnom pláne.
Kľúčové slová: ruský jazyk, ekonomická terminológia, terminológia manažmentu, kon-substanciálny termín, neologizmus, neologizácia

The present paper, set within the framework of Conceptual Metaphor Theory as originated by , focuses on the figurative expressions in English which contain the word "money" in them, more precisely those of the form adjective/noun + "money" (e.g. dirty money, green money, barren money, pin money, smart money, etc.). The analysis is based on a small data collection of 45 "money" expressions gathered from various online English dictionaries and applying a somewhat modified method for the identification of metaphorically used words (Pragglejaz Group 2007). Our main aim is to establish various conceptualisations of money, which primarily depend on the used adjectival or noun premodifier, as well as to categorise and illustrate the cognitive instruments (metaphors and metonymies, and to a lesser extent, image schemas) on which these expressions are based. The results of our analysis may contribute to the further understanding of the mechanism of coining figurative expressions in English relating to financial vocabulary.

"Ce volume collectif offre une mise en perspective pluridisciplinaire et pluri-
lingue des discours de la bourse et de la finance. Une première partie thématise, à la lumière de la Finance islamique, les liens entre discours fi- nanciers et idéologie. Un second ensemble d’études interroge le discours de la crise dans une optique tant diachronique que synchronique avant que la troisième partie ne s’arrête sur les stratégies discursives, essentiellement argumentatives, développées dans le discours financier. L’ouvrage s’achève sur des études micro-linguistiques problématisant la mise en oeuvre de certains traits linguistiques dans le domaine de spécialité considéré. Il s’adresse tant aux linguistes de spécialité qu’aux économistes s’intéressant au(x) discours produit(s) par leur discipline."

The paper tries to analyze existing metaphors of economic and political phenomena from an axiological point of view. Original English metaphors are compared to their French and Polish possible translations. The metaphors analyzed are mainly those of nature, human body and sports. The conclusion tries to predict what influence on the general view of politics and economics such use of metaphors may have.

In der Euphemismusforschung, die auf eine reiche Tradition seit der Antike zurückblickt, findet man viele verschiedene Sichtweisen der Euphemismen. Die Euphemisierung erscheint hierbei zumeist als beschönigende Umbenennung, als Ersatz oder Ausschmückung, die beispielsweise aus Gründen der Tabuisierung von Themen oder aus der Unangemessenheit von sprachlichen Formen zur Anwendung gelangt. Euphemismen kommen in unterschiedlichsten Diskursen und aus vielerlei Gründen vor und werden in der sprachwissenschaftlichen Forschung aus verschiedenen Blickwinkeln, u.a. aus der semantischen, pragmatischen, soziolinguistischen, formal-ästhetischen bzw. stilistischen Perspektive betrachtet. Neben der traditionellen Auffassung als Konkurrenzbezeichnung für ein Verbum proprium  vermögen Versuche einer moderneren Herangehensweise – z.B. unter Zuhilfenahme der Kategorie der „Political Correctness“ – nicht, dem Wesen der Euphemisierung als dynamisches und relatives Charakteristikum sowie multifunktionale Erscheinung gerecht zu werden.

Pour répondre à la question de savoir si le discours patronal constitue un exemple de discours économique, nous devons d'abord poser l'hypothèse qu'il existe un genre, le « discours économique », qui posséde certaines caractéristiques linguistiques auxquelles nous pourrons comparer celles du discours patronal. Après avoir présenté les travaux existant sur le discours économique, nous nous demandons comment les discours des grands patrons français se situent sur le plan thématique, dans quelle mesure ils expriment une vision de l'économie, si cette vision est explicitée, et à quels experts économiques ils renvoient.

Аннотация: В статье представлены теоретические подходы к определению современного экономического дискурса. Впервые экономический дискурс определен как универсальная категория, установлены его основные характеристики: идеологическая направленность,
открытость, нелинейность, неустойчивость. Определены и содержательно охарактеризованы критерии, которые позволяют оценивать состояние современного экономического дискурса.
Осуществлен системный анализ и оценка наличия приема ложной аргументации в экономическом дискурсе Республики Беларусь.
Abstract: The article presents the theoretical approaches to the definition of modern economic discourse. For the first time the economic discourse has been defined as a universal category, it has been set its main characteristics: ideological orientation, openness, nonlinearity, instability. It has been identified and meaningfully characterized the criteria that allow evaluating the state of modern economic discourse. It has been carried out a systematic analysis and an evaluation of the false argumentation presence at economic discourse in the Republic of Belarus.

Economics and poetry may seem, to some, as incompatible as oil and water. This divorce is a recent one, which emerged in the second half of the twentieth century: the classic economists such as Adam Smith and John Maynard Keynes were both great economists and poets. Today, there are often inbuilt tensions between practitioners of the two disciplines: on the one side, scholarly lovers of words may scarcely be capable of hiding their “maths phobia”, while the economists reserve their weapon of dismissing as irrelevant any critics from the other side, by simply claiming they just don´t understand the science, or they are guilty of “maths inadequacy”.  But to ignore the interface between Economics and poetry would be to miss an awful lot, both from the point of view of rhetorical and Economics studies, as well as from the perspective of a broader wish to understand critical social, cultural and political world developments of the twentieth century. Just as we seemed to be burying the discipline of rhetorical studies during the last century, a field that had dominated the academic and intellectual world since its classic ancient foundations from Plato and Aristotle, it has risen again from the ashes to re-emerge as a critical analytical tool to help us make some sense of the world at the turn of the twenty first century.

This paper sets out to carry out a study on the written discourse of the great theorist
of the so-called Global Systemic Crisis and Nobel laureate in Economics, Paul Krugman,
through the analysis of two of his most famous publication, End this Depression
Now!, which has been translated into Spanish. The purpose of this study is to provide
an account both of the most peculiar features of the dynamic and personal prose of the
author, and of the difficulties it poses for translators. The thesis sustained by his work
argues that the apparent simplicity of Paul Krugman’s style, divested of the terminological
and discursive opacity typical of texts on economic theory − mainly because
it lacks the technical terminology and conceptual difficulties present in such a textual
typology − is part of the stylistic trend championed by the editors of the prestigious
magazine The Economist, which has exerted a considerable influence on the journalistic
style of the business press in English in the present century. Such style is full of
neological creations, metaphors and figures of speech which, together with the versatile
coinages and informal rhetoric which are the trademark of the author himself, are often
difficult to translate and to adapt to the journalistic style of Spanish economic texts,
much more contained and sober in their prose and more prone to a higher rhetorical
distance between the issuer and receiver of the text.
Keywords: Paul Krugman, economic metaphor, economic neologism, crisis terminology.
El presente trabajo se dispone a llevar a cabo un estudio sobre el discurso escrito
del gran teórico de la Crisis Global Sistémica y Premio Nobel de Economía, Paul
Krugman, a través del análisis de su publicación editorial más famosa, ya traducida al
español (Acabad ya con esta crisis). El fin de este estudio es ofrecer un recuento de los
rasgos más peculiares de la dinámica y personal prosa del autor, y de las dificultades
traductológicas que presenta ésta. La tesis intrínseca aquí sostenida argumenta que la
aparente simplicidad del estilo llano de Paul Krugman, exento de la opacidad terminológica
y discursiva de los textos sobre teoría económica —mayoritariamente por la
escasez de tecnicismos y la aparente ausencia de dificultades conceptuales que dicho
estilo presenta— se inscribe en la corriente estilística editorial de la prestigiosa revista
The Economist, cuya influencia ha marcado fuertemente el estilo de escritura divulgativa
de la prensa económica en inglés de este siglo. Dicho estilo, como el de Krugman,
se muestra plagado de neologismos, metáforas y figuras retóricas que, unidas a las versátiles
acuñaciones y a la retórica informal del propio autor, son a menudo difíciles de
traducir y adaptar al estilo periodístico de la economía en lengua castellana, de mucha
mayor sobriedad prosística y más tendente a la distanciación entre emisor y receptor.
Palabras clave: Paul Krugman, metáfora económica, neologismo económico, terminología
de la crisis.

Принципы, заложенные в существующие механизмы экономического распределения, в меньшей степени могут быть объяснены или обусловлены классическими теориями общего экономического равновесия и общественного благосостояния. В большей степени экономическое распределение основывается на различных смысловых конструкциях.

The article attempts theoretical and methodological generalizations of existing approaches to the definition of modern economic discourse. It had been defined its phenomenological nature, it had been revealed its basic characteristics.
В статье делается попытка теоретико-методологического обобщения существующих подходов к определению современного экономического дискурса. Устанавливается его феноменологическая природа, выявляются основные характеристики.

El presente articulo se propone relevar algunas de las particularidades que adopto durante su etapa de gestacion y surgimiento esa tendencia que luego seria conocida con el nombre de “neoliberalismo”. A tal fin, se analizara un topico al que los economistas de las Escuelas de Viena y de Chicago otorgaron un lugar central: el miedo a la potencial expansion del totalitarismo, apelacion basada en la invocacion de las experiencias historicas que supusieron la Alemania nazi y la Union Sovietica stalinista. Se buscara mostrar como dicha apelacion cimento las criticas que los autores neoliberales dedicaron a las estructuras de proteccion social caracteristicas del Welfare. Para ello se atendera a la relacion que estos discursos establecen entre las nociones de individualidad, libertad, democracia, sociedad y Estado. Se aspira a que este trabajo sobre la historia conceptual discursiva del siglo XX permita una aproximacion a las transformaciones que el neoliberalismo ha experimentado durante...

This lecture aims to sensitize the new generations of economists to the fact that it is time to neutralize the mainstream economic language that imposes meaning and prescribes a truth. As a result, it is an obstacle to deepening the knowledge of the social nature of economic life in the real world. It is not a question of opposing the contemporary mainstream economic language by creating a new one under the mirror game, but of creating different writing styles by finding one's own being and overcoming the lost time, as did Marcel Proust in his novel In Search of Lost Time. The journey from the economist man who is driven by publication to the man economist who takes pleasure in writing will be long and arduous, but it is worth the effort. Fashion fades, only style remains the same. As René Girard noted in his last interview, the success of fashionable authors quickly fades just after their deaths.

The idea that time and history move forward is a cornerstone of critical economic perspectives -- but what happens to the present when the past catches up with it? "History in Financial Times" pursues this question in connection with contemporary financial capitalism, tracing the diverse modes of history production at work in the spheres of financial journalism, policymaking, and popular culture.

Not many people are specialists in economics, but everyone tends to have the impression of knowing something about economic crises—and, above all, they are eager to talk about it. The economic crisis seems to have been the dominant topic of the last decade at least in Romania, generating a plurality of parallel or even contradictory discourses. This paper explores, through an automated analysis using the ReaderBench Framework, Romanian media discourses on the economic crisis spanning the years between 2008 and 2018. We start by delineating four categories of discourse relevant for the selected topic: specialized academic publications (SA), specialized non-academic publications (SN), non-specialized non-academic publications (NN), and informal debate platforms (ID). For each of these categories, we selected 50 texts, which were then analyzed using the ReaderBench Framework. The 13 statistically significant textual complexity indices that resulted from this automated analysis show that the first three categories of discourse follow a downward progression pattern, while the fourth category (ID) appears to exhibit an eccentric behavior. The central thesis of our article is that this behavior stems from the ID’s attempt to replace the specialized non-academic discourse, currently under threat of being devoured by the tabloid press in Romania.

Under the theoretical wing of Conceptual Metaphor Theory and Critical Metaphor Analysis we deal with one specific aspect of economic discourse in English in an attempt to draw attention to the distinctively gendered metaphor of SLENDERNESS on which the concept of the ideal company is based today. The analysis is based on the notion of downsizing and metaphorical expressions that give linguistic voice to the LEAN IS HEALTHY metaphor. Our aim is to demonstrate how ideological values are subtly intertwined with metaphors in economic discourse, so that seemingly harmless metaphors support and reconstruct an aspect of social realityan androcentric world view.

Much of the research into the topic of financial crises has centered mainly on verbal metaphors whereas a visual and multimodal aspect of the phenomenon has remained rather underrepresented. Within the theoretical framework of Critical Metaphor Analysis pertaining not only to verbal (Charteris-Black & Musolff, 2003; Charteris-Black, 2004) but also to pictorial and multimodal discourse (Forceville, 1996 & 2008; Forceville & Urios-Aparisi, 2009), in this paper we focus on both linguistic and pictorial realisations of the euro currency which pertain to the broader topic of the Eurozone crisis. Closely modelling our methodology on Bounegru and Forceville (2011), we analyse seven covers of the weekly magazine The Economist published in the period 2010-2012 which relate to the Eurozone crisis and belong to the LIQUID and MOVEMENT domains respectively. The purpose of our investigation is to answer the following two questions: (1) how do verbal and visual modes of metaphorical representatio...

В статье анализируются сложившиеся типы "дискурсивных практик" в рамках производства знания и представлений об "экономическом": "экономика" и "экономическая система" и приводятся примеры успешных и проблематичных концептов указанных дискурсов (человеческий капитал, технологические уклады), которые оцениваются с позиций их существования в социокультурном пространстве и влияния на экономическую политику. Ключевой особенностью дискурса "экономики" являются "логический реализм" и универсализм. Они обеспечивают экспансию основных концептов и нарративов данного дискурса не только в другие дисциплины, но и в институциональное и политическое поле. Кроме того, они ответственны за то, что дискурс "экономики" уже не стремится описать "экономическое", а скорее выполняют функцию создания единой реальности, социального конструирования "экономики" как таковой. Ключевой особенностью дискурса "экономических систем" является "номинализм", в принципе отвергающий идею построения универсального объекта. Поскольку здесь нет жесткого концептуального ядра и единства языка, речь идет лишь о социокультурном конструировании смысла, который мы придаем "экономическому" как независимо существующему от нас фрагменту действительности и о сохранении задачи поиска истины и объективного описания. Однако дискурс "экономической системы" потенциально готов захватить место доминирующего дискурса и навязать уже свои правила "рассказывания историй".

The authors consider the existing types of "discursive practices" that are designated as "economics" and "economic system" and give the examples of successful and problematic concepts of these discourses (human capital, technological structures) while evaluating its influence on economic policy and socio-cultural significance in the creation of the ideas about the "economic". A key feature of the dominant discourse that is "economics" is "logical realism" and universalism. It enables to expand the basic concepts and narratives of this discourse not only on others disciplines, but also bring them into institutional and political analysis. Moreover, it is responsible for the fact that the "economics" discourse does not seek to describe the "economic", but rather perform the function of creating a uniform reality, the social construction of "economy" as such. A key feature of the "economic systems" discourse is "nominalism," which in principle rejects the idea of constructing a universal object. Since there is no conceptual "hard core" and the unity of language, what matters is the creation of interpretations and social construction of meaning which refers to the "economic" as something actually existing. That enables to keep the epistemological task of objective representation. However, the "economic system" discourse is potentially ready to occupy the place of the dominant discourse and to impose its own rules of "telling stories".

Purpose – This paper aims to provide a situated critical discourse analysis of the public debate around India’s 2013 National Food Security Act (NFSA), describing its rhetorical characteristics and the context within which it has taken place. Design/methodology/approach – Using Wodak’s (2001) Discourse Historical Approach (DHA), the authors examine media coverage of the NFSA, attending to perspectivization, intensification and mitigation and representational and argumentational strategies. The authors also consider this coverage in light of its intratextual, intertextual, situational and wider socio-political and economic contexts. The corpus consists of 29 English-language Indian newspaper and magazine articles, published in print and online between 2011 and 2014. Findings – This paper explains the rhetorical purchase of the term “food security” in contemporary Indian public policy debates by comparing the leftist, right wing and centrist arguments. Research limitations/implication...

The paper entertains the hypothesis that the decline of Latin American-based inertial inflation theory was largely due to the instability in its theoretical communication. Starting in the 1950s, various traditions in economic thought purported to explain the concept of "inflation inertia". Not only quite distinct meanings were ascribed to the term "inertia", but also different narratives implied rather conflicting policy implications. The paper outlines the critical junctures at which such conflicts in theoretical parlance were smoothed out by the common goal of curbing the self-sustaining thrust of inflation in the region. Contributions by are evaluated as points of departure from the typically discursive Latin-American structuralist mode of exposition. These authors strived to fit the core novelties of the inertial inflation theory into either mathematical formulations or conceptual frameworks more in tandem with then contemporaneous developments in macroeconom...

Compared to other domains of media discourse, economic-financial news contain a considerable amount of speech acts regarding future events, in particular predictions. This can be explained by their specific institutional context, financial markets, where investors constantly seek to single out gain opportunities and to correctly assess their risk. One of the crucial factors making economic-financial predictions worthy of being considered in investment decisions is argumentation, in particular the extent to which the predicted proposition follows from a plausible and acceptable reasoning. Starting from a corpus of 50 articles of the Italian economic-financial press, we consider the inferential dimension of prediction-oriented arguments, focusing on thelocus, i.e. the ontological relation on which the connection between the argument(s) and the predictive conclusion rests. All predictions found in the corpus were manually annotated with the softwareUAM Corpus Tool. For each of them we ...

Our current study aims at analysing and describing the plethora of English loans in the Spanish discourse of economy -in the shape of direct or indirect borrowings- as a result of the swift changes taking place in the course of the present Global Systemic Crisis. The need for precision and accurateness in the deployment of technical terms, or terms of art, in the Spanish discourse of Economics has triggered our scrutiny of an ad hoc corpus of economic news-items from a range of digital periodicals in the field of finance and economics. With the aid of three financial bilingual glossaries intended for the specialized Spanish-speaking community, and the deployment of a specific taxonomy on linguistic incorporations, we have developed a system of lexical selection, reuniting, analyzing and explaining a representative group of real data illustrating, somehow, the neologistic borrowing process during the above-mentioned financial havoc. Further, our study attempts to enlighten and facili...

At the heart of TINA, there is a lie - we all know that. The lie revolves around the suggestion of non-agency, of absolute and uncontrollable actors shaping fields of action in which those using the TINA frame claim to have just minimal, responsive, and therefore rational agency. While in fact, they are the actors. A case analysis.

The fact that English has become the major lingua franca of international business and economy has influenced the goal of teaching pronunciation in an ESP economics classroom: the nativelike speaking skill as the ultimate goal has been superseded by a more realistic and more reasonable goal -the adoption of intelligibility and communicability skills. We argue here, however, that pronunciation skills should be included in a university level ESP economics course syllabus. We point out common pronunciation errors made by economics students due to first-language transfer, exemplifying our points with various types of exercises aiming at overcoming their pronunciation problems.