Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering

Here the human body is used as input device as they are easily accessible by hand And Popularity of mobile devices increasing day by day due to advantages like portability, mobility and flexibility. There are many advantages of small size we can carry it with comfort, but the limited size gives very less interactive area so we need large area to use. We use our skin which is the largest part of our body as an input surface. When user taps on the skin, the bioacoustics and sensors study the sound waves. Variation is bone density, size and mass and soft tissue and joints create acoustically different location. When finger taps on skin, several distinct forms of acoustic energy are produced. Skinput, the system is a combination of two technologies: the ability to detect the ultra-low frequency sound and the Pico-projectors .Pico projector applies the use of projector in a hand held device .An acoustic detector detects the ultra-low frequency also responds to the various hand gestures.

Para la resolución de sistemas y circuitos lineales invariables en el tiempo existen dos métodos ampliamente conocidos: 1. Método de resolución en el dominio del tiempo, a través de ecuaciones integro-diferenciales donde la función de transferencia describe la respuesta en el dominio del tiempo. 2. Método de resolución en el dominio de la frecuencia, a través de la Transformada de Laplace, donde la función de transferencia se expresa en forma de polinomios (rectangulares o polares) la cual describe la respuesta en el dominio de la frecuencia. El primero de los métodos ofrece una solución precisa. El siguiente estudio utiliza el segundo método de resolución ubicando las constantes de tiempo de la ecuación característica en el lugar geométrico de raíces o plano complejo de frecuencias S, que no son más que el inverso de las constantes de tiempo o polos dominantes del circuito o sistema. Este método ofrece una solución más rápida y muy cercana a la primera. A través del análisis de las constantes de tiempo de un circuito podemos inferir los polos dominante del circuito y la interacción entre los mismos, estos determinarán el factor de calidad Q y la existencia o no de puntos de resonancia determinados por la ecuación Qr=Qo/(1+Qz) desarrollada a través del denominado plano Complejo de Calidades.

Bluetooth is one of the most prevalent technologies available on mobile phones. One of the key questions how to harness this technology in an educational manner in universities and schools. This paper is about a Bluetooth quizzing system which will be used to administer quizzes to students of a university. The Bluetooth quizzing application consists of a server and client mobile Android application. It will utilize a queuing system to allow many clients to connect simultaneously to the server. When clients connect, they can register or choose the option to complete a quiz that the lecturer selected. Results are automatically sent when quiz is done from the client application. Data analysis can then be done to review the progress of students.

The reliability of power company electricity service varies greatly due to many factors including the design of the power grid, protective features, power system maintenance practices and severe weather. This project aims to design a microcontroller based pure sine wave inverter using Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) switching scheme to supply AC utilities with emergency power. It involves generating of unipolar modulating signals from a Programmable Interface Computer (PIC16F887A) and using them to modulate a 12V dc MOSFET based full H-Bridge. The focus is on designing an inexpensive, versatile and efficient pure sine wave inverter that gives a 240V, 600W pure sine wave output.

RESUMEN El estándar 4K es la tecnología sucesora de la resolución Full HD y despliega el cuádruple de píxeles de esta. Desde la definición de los televisores analógicos, de 576 líneas (720x576), que también ofrece un DVD, la imagen ha evolucionado bastante. Se alcanzó la alta definición o HD, que ofrece 1280x720 píxeles, y de ahí se ha pasado al Full HD, que soporta 1920x1080, el estándar del Blu-ray. El siguiente trabajo aborda los fundamentos de la televisión digital 4K y tiene como objetivo explicar la esencia y las características de esta tecnología. Para este fin se abordan aristas fundamentales que ayudan en la comprensión del contenido como son las generalidades de la televisión digital y del formato 4K, sus pilares fundamentales y las ventajas y los problemas que se enfrentan para su rápida expansión en el mercado internacional. Otro punto abordado es su relevancia para la economía y la esfera social, donde juegan un papel esencial los nuevos patrones de consumo tecnológico mundiales en correlación con la aparición de la llamada generación de nativos digitales. PALABRAS CLAVES: televisión digital, estándar, resolución, 4K, imagen. 4K DIGITAL TELEVISION ABSTRACT 4K standard is the successor technology of Full HD and it distributes four times the amount of pixels of its predecessor. Since the definition for analogical televisors, with 576 lines (720x576), that also brings DVD, the image has evolved a lot. High definition (HD) was achieved, it offers 1280x720 pixels, after that we past to Full HD, that affords 1920x1080, the Blu-ray standard. The project below is about 4K digital television fundaments and its purpose is bringing to the reader a panoramic view of the nature and singularities of this tech. That`s why it has been developed some points in order to get an easier content comprehension; such as digital television and 4K format generalities, it keystones and the problems and advantages that it has for his expansion inside the international market. Another point is its importance for the economy and society, where the new worldwide patterns of technological consumption, plays a protagonic rol besides the rise of the generation A.K.A digital natives. KEY WORDS: digital television, standard, resolution, 4K, image. 1. INTRODUCCIÓN Desde que surgió la televisión, esta se convirtió en uno de los principales medios de comunicación masiva a nivel mundial, y a lo largo de su existencia se ha intentado mejorar la calidad de la imagen con el propósito de crear una experiencia lo más inmersiva y cercana posible a la realidad. Principalmente, la mejora en la calidad de la imagen recae en ampliar la resolución con el fin de dar un mejor detalle a la misma. Para alcanzar una mejor calidad en la imagen surgieron formatos con mayor resolución, como los distintos formatos de Televisión en Alta Definición (HDTV por sus siglas en inglés) tanto analógicos

Task intensive electronic control units (ECUs) in automotive domain, equipped with multicore processors , real time operating systems (RTOSs) and various application software, should perform efficiently and time deterministically. The parallel computational capability offered by this multicore hardware can only be exploited and utilized if the ECU application software is parallelized. Having provided with such parallelized software, the real time operating system scheduler component should schedule the time critical tasks so that, all the computational cores are utilized to a greater extent and the safety critical deadlines are met. As original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) are always motivated towards adding more sophisticated features to the existing ECUs, a large number of task sets can be effectively scheduled for execution within the bounded time limits. In this paper, a hybrid scheduling algorithm has been proposed, that meticulously calculates the running slack of every task and estimates the probability of meeting deadline either being in the same partitioned queue or by migrating to another. This algorithm was run and tested using a scheduling simulator with different real time task models of periodic tasks. This algorithm was also compared with the existing static priority scheduler, which is suggested by Automotive Open Systems Architecture (AUTOSAR). The performance parameters considered here are, the % of core utilization, average response time and task deadline missing rate. It has been verified that, this proposed algorithm has considerable improvements over the existing partitioned static priority scheduler based on each performance parameter mentioned above.

The Automatic Identification System (AIS) is intended, primarily, to allow ships to “view” marine traffic in their area and to “be seen” by that traffic; it is an automatic tracking system used on ships and by Vessel Traffic Services (VTS). AIS integrates a standardized VHF transceiver with a positioning system such as a GPS receiver, with other electronic navigation sensors (such as a gyro-compass or a rate of turn indicator). Vessels fitted with AIS transceivers can be tracked by AIS base stations located along coast lines or, when out of range of terrestrial networks, through a growing number of satellites that are fitted with special AIS receivers which are capable of "de-conflicting" a large number of signatures. AIS is an open-sourced system that relies on VHF broadcasts on open frequencies. It is therefore vulnerable to malicious transmissions and runs the risk of being manipulated by individuals seeking to deceive the system. Briefly, the system under discussion is vulnerable to data manipulation, spoofing and hacking. It is also necessary to point out that there are two main type of manipulation: a) Internet based and b) “actually” altering AIS transmissions. The most common and widely recognized issue of AIS manipulation has been with Internet-related usage of AIS data on publicly available websites that display data compiled from multiple sources. The other manipulation possibility is within the live AIS network of transmissions to and from vessels via VHF.

Today, analog ICs are widely used in electronic engineering. When using them, it is necessary to add resistors, capacitors, inductors depending on the type and function of them. The analog IC is manufactured mainly in the form of an operational amplifier circuit amplifies-like ideal-perform multiple functions in a compact electric motor-light-high performance. So now we consider the operational amplifier, a number of applications and simulations of them.

In this paper, a nested square-shape dielectric resonator (NSDR) has been designed and investigated for antenna applications in the microwave band. A solid square dielectric resonator (SSDR) was modified systematically by introducing air-gap in the azimuth (ϕ-direction). By retaining the square shape of the dielectric resonator (DR), the well-known analysis tools can be applied to evaluate the performance of the NSDR. To validate the performance of the proposed NSDR in antenna applications, theoretical, simulation, and experimental analysis of the subject has been performed. A simple microstrip-line feeding source printed on the top of Rogers RO4003 grounded substrate was utilized without any external matching network. Unlike solid square DR, the proposed NSDR considerably improves the impedance bandwidth. The proposed antenna has been prototyped and experimentally validated. The antenna operates in the range of 12.34 GHz to 21.7 GHz which corresponds to 56% percentage bandwidth with peak realized gain 6.5 dB. The antenna has stable radiation characteristics in the broadside direction. A close agreement between simulation and experimental results confirms the improved performance of NSDR in antenna applications. Keywords: Dielectric resonator antenna Microwave band Nested square-shape dielectric Square-shape dielectric Wideband antenna This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license.

The Semiconductor Industry is one industry that has been driving technological innovations for decades since its birth in the USA. Semiconductors form the building blocks of a wide array of consumer, medical and industrial electronics. The growth of many economies in the world can be attributed to the growth in the semiconductor industry in such countries. The global semiconductor industry consists of companies in the USA, South Korea, Taiwan, China, and the European Union. However, the semiconductor industry has no presence in the African region, in Ghana to be specific. This work investigates some challenges associated with the establishment of the semiconductor industry in Ghana, including challenges from basic research and development to manufacturing and marketing. The paper also highlights some recommendations which are key in laying the foundation for the entry of the industry in Ghana, including the provision of tax incentives, training of personnel, etc.

Our society is fully dependent on the power generating station. The power system comprises of three parts i.e. generation, transmission and distribution of electrical power. Now a days due to lake of the Non-renewable sources like coal etc. So due to day by day increasing demand of electricity and fulfill this demand our society is turns towards the renewable sources like wind energy and solar energy. Use of linear electrical loads like transformers and motors etc. There is a problem of unbalance of current waveforms and unbalancing in power system. Voltage unbalancing due to the fluctuation of the reactive loads. This reactive power is compensated by the series compensator and shunt compensator. Among of these STATCOM is most effective device for mitigation of voltage Fluctuation and unbalancing.

In olden Days Farmers used to figure the ripeness of soil and influenced suspicions to develop which to kind of yield. They didn't think about the humidity, level of water and especially climate condition which terrible a farmer increasingly The Internet of things (IOT) is remodeling the agribusiness empowering the agriculturists through the extensive range of strategies, for example, accuracy as well as practical farming to deal with challenges in the field. IOT modernization helps in assembly information on circumstances like climate, dampness, temperature and fruitfulness of soil, Crop web based examination empowers discovery of wild plant, level of water, bug location, creature interruption in to the field, trim development, horticulture. IOT utilize farmers to get related with his residence from wherever and at whatever point. The Agriculture stick being proposed in integrated with Arduino Technology, Breadboard mixed with various sensors and live data feed can be obtained online from Thingsspeak.com. The product being proposed is tested on Live Agriculture Fields giving high accuracy over 98% in data feeds

VoIP technology is equipped with several functions, namely, the signalling function, meaning the VoIP is in charge of receiving the network from the caller, after which the conversation delivered. This technology is capable to pass voice traffic in the form of packets over an IP network. Packets of sound undergo a long process or delay to get to the destination it can damage the voice's quality being heard. It happened because there is continuous delay in the communication between IP phone set on VoIP technology that causes echo in the receiver's voice. Echo can occur during communication with IP phone set with average delay capacity above 5ms. The delay on the delivery and reception as in the results of communication between telephones can be adjusted for sound frequency of 300 Hz to 1000 Hz as a cut off by adding High Pass Filter (HPF) application. HPF filter application is able to stabilize the amplitude of about-21 dBm from the set of transmission test on the receiver when there is weakening at low frequencies, but when the frequency is raised to 1500-2250 Hz the amplitude strengthens to-12,2 dBm or increases the value of about 8.8 dB. Meanwhile, for the lower frequency such as 300-950 Hz, the filter would not pass it since the frequency is designed to be cutoff at 1000 Hz. The value of delay is narrower to 0.08ms by HPF application at the frequency of sound upper limit received by any 1000-3400 Hz telephone set.

This study has been undertaken to investigate the speed control ACIM using field oriented control. The principle of vector control of electric drives is based on the control of both the magnitude and the phase of each phase current and voltage. for this purpose, the study of available conventional and non-conventional approaches has been presented. This paper also presents a clear study which illustrates introduction of efficient vector control of ACIM.

This paper presents a driver for a HID lamp based on the application of a high frequency current square waveform through the lamp with the goal of avoiding acoustic resonances. The proposed ballast is fed from a 12V dc input voltage and is intended to be used in systems supplied from non-conventional sources, such as back-up batteries, photovoltaic generators and automotive applications. In order to initiate the discharge in the lamp an especially designed igniter supplied from the 12V dc voltage is used to apply high voltage ignition peaks to the lamp. Experimental results obtained from a laboratory prototype for a 70W Metal Halide lamp supplied at 30kHz are also shown to evaluate the possibilities of the proposed topology.

Rourkela CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the thesis entitled, "Investigations On Shunt Active Power Filter For Power Quality Improvement" submitted by Sri D. Pradeep Kumar in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of MASTER of Technology Degree in Electrical Engineering with specialization in "Power Control and Drives" at the National Institute of Technology, Rourkela (Deemed University) is an authentic work carried out by him/her under my/our supervision and guidance.

This paper presents about the micro-controller based touch switch using micro-controller chip ATMega8 based on C language and the name of this program is AVR Studio. This proposed micro-controller based touch switch is a digital switch. This system is more reliable than others.

The aim of this research work is to enhance the gain and bandwidth of rhombus shaped microstrip patch antenna. For this purpose, we used electromagnetic gap-coupled technique. We design an assembly of one central rectangular patch with four triangular patches forming rhombus shaped microstrip patch antenna. We used IE3D simulation software for this work. The dielectric substrate material of the antenna is glass epoxy FR4 having ε r =4. 4 and loss tangent 0.025. The performance of the final modified antenna is compared with that of a conventional rectangular microstrip antenna and a conventional rhombus shaped microstrip antenna. The designed antenna has two resonant frequencies 5.80 GHz and 6.29 GHz. So this antenna is applicable for the C band communication system. This electromagnetic gap-coupled antenna offers much improved impedance bandwidth 25.71%. This is approximately four times higher than that in a conventional rectangular patch antenna (Bandwidth= 6.70%) having the same dimensions.

LABORATÓRIO DO OSCILADOR POR DESLOCAMENTO DE FASE 1. Objetivo: Implementar um circuito oscilador por deslocamento de fase para estudar e conhecer o seu funcionamento básico. 2. Conceituação Preliminar: Os osciladores são circuitos com sinais padronizados, necessários para fazer temporizações, para gerar e/ou referenciar bases de tempo e para sincronizar dispositivos e ações nos circuitos. São aplicados em dispositivos microprocessados, de telecomunicações, de testes e medidas, além de muitos mais. A estrutura básica de um oscilador consiste de um circuito amplificador e uma malha de realimentação positiva. A oscilação será autosustentada, ou seja, iniciará e se manterá, caso seja atendido o Critério de Barkhausen: A(s). β(s) =-1 │A x β│> 1 (multiplicação do ganho do amplificador pela atenuação da rede de realimentação deverá ser levemente superior a 1) Fase = 0º = 360º

TEMA DISEÑO DE UNA RED HÍBRIDA INTEGRANTES PANCHANA LIMONES FABIAN CALVACHE TORRES KARLA AÑO 2019-1S DISEÑO DE UNA RED HÍBRIDA En este campo realizamos 3 tipos de topología para enlazar los 3 departamentos para cada uno y que cuenten con buena señal de transmisión de datos. Para unir todo debemos tener distribuido de la siguiente manera: Para enlazar los edificios procedimos a colocar una antena en la parte superior de cada edificio y estaran enlazadas a la nube digital. La antena va estar conectada al cuarto de telecomunicaciones que va estar en cada edificio con firewall para protección de hackers, luego al nodo.

— This paper proposes a new control scheme based on Empirical Wavelet Transform(EWT) for current harmonic compensation in power system using shunt active power filter .This method is found to be reducing Total Harmonic Distortion(THD) and improve the wave shape of source current waveform. Empirical Wavelet Transform is much useful in the case of non-stationery waveforms, where fundamental itself is varying.Proposed scheme is simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK .Results are presented and discussed.

In this paper, an attempt has been made to design a new microstrip-fed monopole antenna for wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) systems. The proposed antenna is fabricated on the FR4 substrate with dielectric constant of 4.4. By cutting a pair of inverted L-shaped slits in the square radiating patch, a new resonance at lower frequency (2.4GHz) can be achieved, also by inserting two L-shaped slits in the ground plane, the antenna achieves good dual-band operation. The measured impedance bandwidth for l0 dB return loss is from 2.05 GHz to 2.76 GHz (29.9%) and 4.6 GHz to 5.46 GHz (17.0%), covering the 2.4 and 5.2 GHz wireless fidelity operating bands. Simulated and experimental results obtained for this antenna show that the proposed monopole antenna has a good antenna gains and radiation behavior, with a small dimension of 12 × 18 mm 2 .

— An automatic verification of person's identity from its voice is a part of modern telecommunication services. In order to execute a verification task, a speech signal has to be transmitted to a remote server. So, a performance of the verification system can be influenced by various distortions that can occur when transmitting a speech signal through a communication channel. This paper studies an effect of the state of art wideband (WB) speech codecs on a performance of automatic speaker verification in the context of a channel/codec mismatch between enrollment and test utterances. The speaker verification system is developed on GMM-UBM method. The results show that EVS codec provides the best performance over all the investigated scenarios in this study. Moreover, deploying G.729.1 codec in a training process of the verification system provides the best equal error rate in the fully-codec mismatched scenario. Anyhow, differences between the equal error rates reported for all of the codecs involved in this scenario are mostly nonsignificant.

Our goal for this project is to design a Signal Generator using CMOS Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA). We found out different parameters of CMOS OTA using different current mirror circuits and selected the best suitable circuit. In case of the CMOS OTA, we designed the current mirror circuit using PMOS and the driver circuit using NMOS.

The primary objective of the paper is to construe the post-humanist electronic age and its ramifications in terms of religious, biological, social and economic aspects of human society. These effects eventually affect the cultural core of any human society. The rapid rate of transit brought forth by the technological revolutions would leave the world entangled in its electronic chords and the humans disentangled from their emotional selves. The cybernetic organisms-'cyborgs' will infest the world resulting in racial extinction. Technology is intended to enhance human lives in spheres. Gadgets from being facilitators have metamorphosed into cyborgs marking the end of mankind. Growing needs of sedentary lifestyle coupled with contrived innovations of the AI (Artificial Intelligence) scientists like robots and gadgets which could work beyond any human can imagine has resulted in a 'Power Shift'. The humans have started to play second fiddle to robots. Sherry Turkle's Alone Together has documented the effect of technological advancements on human of all section and age group.

This paper presents a driver for a HID lamp based on the application of a high frequency current square waveform through the lamp with the goal of avoiding acoustic resonances. The proposed ballast is fed from a 12-V dc input voltage and is intended to be used in systems supplied from nonconventional sources, such as back-up batteries, photovoltaic generators and automotive applications. In order to initiate the discharge in the lamp, a specially-designed igniter supplied from the 12-V dc voltage is used to apply high voltage ignition peaks to the lamp. Experimental results obtained from a laboratory prototype for a 70-W Metal Halide lamp supplied at 30 kHz are also shown to evaluate the possibilities of the proposed topology.

 Abstract-Aeronautical Data Chain is a conceptual representation of the path that a set or element of aeronautical data takes from its origination up to end-use. There are classical databases such as navigation or terrain database and configuration files for modularity and portability purposes. These databases can be used to activate or deactivate software items, adapt the software computation to the aircraft configuration, or provide computation data. The RTCA DO-200B establishes three Data Process Assurance Level (DPAL) as the level of rigor, representing the amount of verification and validation tasks performed, during data processing to assure data quality. This paper presents four different and complementary validation techniques to ensure correctness for Aeronautical Databases. This work aims to cover the existing gap in the available standards, presenting and exemplifying some proposed techniques. It also presents some techniques and provides different comparisons and specific intentions. At the end, some relevant needs of qualified tools are discussed to ensure that the use of techniques can be automated, and credits can be sought using tools.

Phosphogypsum disposal from Dinh Vu DAP company was used to separate phosphate and make gypsum by (NH¬4)2SO4. The reaction time was 120 min. The percentage of P2O5 after removal was 0.72 % and met the Vietnam Standard 11833:2017 issued by Institute of Building Materials. The components in phosphogypsum could be applied to manufacture cement. The final product was mixed by PG120 : clinker : fly ash with ratio 5:80:15% (w/w), respectively to manufacture cement. The cement was tested compressive strength. The strength was 55 N/mm2 after 28 days. Index Terms-Phosphate gypsum (PG), CaHPO4.2H2O, CaSO4.2H2O, P2O5, cement, diammonium phosphate (DAP).

The PLL is a feedback system used to generate clock signal in microprocessors, and frequency multiplication (FM) etc., The PLL consists of several components such as Phase frequency detector (PFD), Charge pump (CP), low pass filter (LPF), voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) and frequency divider (FD) circuits. The struck at single-event-effects (SEEs) such as latch-up, single-event-transient and multiple bit upsets which affect the PLL performance. PFD and FD which are free from dead zone due to their digital characteristics but the CP are affected by SEEs which causes the CP output to be degraded and which affect the VCO input hence PLL will lose lock. The PLL and its components are implemented in cadence virtuoso tool using 180nm technology.

— In digital communication system, digital information can be sent on a carrier through changes in its fundamental characteristics such as phase, frequency and amplitude. The use of a filter plays an important part in a communication channel because it is effective at eliminating spectral leakage, reducing channel width, and eliminating interference from adjacent symbols (Inter Symbol Interference) ISI. It describe the developed and dynamic method of designing finite impulse response filter with automatic rapid and less error by an efficient genetic and neural approach. GA and Neural are powerful global optimization algorithm introduced in combinational optimization problems. Here, FIR filter is designed using Genetic, Neural approach by efficient coding schemes. We need to design these filters with some constraints imposed by requirements of the communication system in which we are going to use them. The use of optimization techniques have been proved to be quite useful towards the design of those digital filters with certain specifications. This paper reviews about the uses of optimization systems in digital filter design.

 Abstract— Data Leakage can be referred as the unauthorized transfer of classified information from a computer or data centre to the outside world. Big data is an evolving term that describes any voluminous amount of structured, semi-structured and unstructured data that has the potential to be mined for information. The data loss in such huge massive data sets may cause critical vulnerabilities. In this paper we proposed a novel model in Hadoop master/slave architecture for data leakage prevention with LRA algorithm. The LRA algorithm evaluates the Least Reliable Agent and sends it to the DLA (Data Leakage Avoider). DLA prevents the NameNode from allocating data to these agents.

In this paper, a printed rectangular monopole antenna (PRMA), which is basically a printed micro-strip antenna with etched ground plane for L-band application and designed for 1.06 - 2.17 GHz frequency band, is investigated. Rectangular monopole with corner truncation is applied on each corner and a T- shape slot in the middle of the patch. The antenna is fabricated on the glass epoxy (FR4 lossy) of dielectric substrate with relative permittivity (€r) of 4.3, thickness of 1.6 mm, with an etched ground plane. Prototypes of this configuration is fabricated and measured for frequency range 0 - 3 GHz. Both simulation and experimental results such as impedance bandwidth and radiation pattern are also analysed and compared.

A Compact microstrip antenna with rectangular slotted radiating element has been developed. Four slots have been introduced on the radiating element with the use of a partial ground plane and a wideband response has been obtained. The bandwidth of the proposed antenna is 1.7 GHz with a percentage bandwidth of 71%. A low-cost dielectric (FR4_EPOXY) has been considered in the development of the proposed antenna. The obtained frequency band is from 1.9 GHz to 3.6 GHz. To investigate the robustness of our modelled antenna the simulation process has been carried out using two different solvers (Finite Element Method and Finite Integration Technique). In addition, the designed antenna was realized and these results were compared with those of the simulation. The proposed antenna is suitable for many LTE bands {1, 3, 7… 38, 40} broadly deployed in European, South American, Asian, and African countries, Wi-Fi (2.4 GHz), and WiMAX technology (3.5 GHz).

Objective quality assessment models have been used more and more in recent years to assess or monitor speech and audio quality in many multime-dia and audio processing systems. These methods offer a clear and repeatable way to evaluate a customer experience by measuring perceived quality on a subjective scale, which is easily understood, such as a quality rating scale, ranging from excellent quality to a low quality. Subsequently, the aim of service providers is to offer reliable services providing the end-user/customer with the best possible quality in the context of the current network conditions to avoid a customer churn. This paper presents a design and performance evaluation of parametric models estimating the audio quality experienced by the end user of broadcasting systems and web-casting applications. The Random Forest (RF) algorithm is used to design non-intrusive parametric models, establishing the relationship between the feature description and the perceived quality scores. For this, the broadcast and web-cast sub-databases were created , where the web-cast sub-database includes 17,280 degraded samples and the broadcast sub-database contains 1,080 degraded samples obtained from the Slovak Radio. The results reported for the proposed paramet-ric audio quality models have validated Random Forest as a powerful technique that provides a good efficiency in terms of Pearson Correlation Coefficient (PCC) and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE).

Overview Digital coherent transmission and receiver enables the use of several spectral effect modulation formats. This allows us to equalize linear transmission errors. Coherent data detection has the ability to preserve the phase details of the transmitted signal hence this is how we are able to alter the signals to match the best. In this study we performed a simulation of fiber optic communication and analyze the coherent detection principle and quantum noise characteristics. Objectives

Uninterruptible power supplies (UPSs) are widely used to deliver reliable and high quality power to critical loads under all grid conditions. This paper proposes a high-frequency isolated online UPS system for low power applications. The proposed UPS consists of a single-stage AC-DC converter, boost DC-DC converter, and an inverter. The single-stage AC-DC converter provides galvanic isolation, input power factor correction, and continuous conduction of both input and output current. The low battery bank voltage is stepped up to high dc-link voltage by employing a high voltage gain boost converter, thus allows the reduction of battery bank to only 24 V parallel connected batteries. Operating batteries in parallel improves the battery performance and resolves the issues related to conventional battery banks that arrange the batteries in series combination. The inverter provides regulated output voltage to the load. A new cascaded slide mode (SM) and proportional-resonant (PR) control ...