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Silicon (Si) has an important role in mitigating diverse biotic and abiotic stresses in plants, mainly via the silicification of plant tissues. Environmental changes such as atmospheric CO2 concentrations may affect grass Si... more
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      Environmental ScienceGlobal Change BiologyMedicineBiological Sciences
It is only recently that freshwaters have been identified as important quantitative components of the carbon (C) cycle at global and regional scales. To date there are no studies that quantitatively predict the effects of alterations in... more
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      Global Change BiologyBiological SciencesEnvironmental SciencesFlow Regime
Carbon dioxide, energy flux measurements and methane chamber measurements were carried out in an arctic wet tussock grassland located on a flood plane of the Kolyma river in NE Siberia over a summer period of 155 days in 2002 and early... more
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      Environmental ScienceCarbon DioxideGlobal Change BiologyBiological Sciences
A tropical ombrotrophic peatland ecosystem is one of the largest terrestrial carbon stores. Flux rates of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and methane (CH 4 ) were studied at various peat water table depths in a mixed-type peat swamp forest floor... more
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      Climate ChangeGlobal Change BiologyBiological SciencesGlobal change
Recently, large-scale changes in the biogeography of calanoid copepod crustaceans have been detected in the northeastern North Atlantic Ocean and adjacent seas. Strong biogeographical shifts in all copepod assemblages were found with a... more
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      Global Change BiologyBiological SciencesEnvironmental Sciences
Antarctic terrestrial ecosystems have poorly developed soils and currently experience one of the greatest rates of climate warming on the globe.
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      Climate ChangeGlobal Change BiologyEnvironmental ChangeBiological Sciences
The availability of O 2 is believed to be one of the main factors regulating nitrification and denitrification and the release of NO and N 2 O.
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      Global Change BiologyBiological SciencesEnvironmental Sciences
This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for... more
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      Environmental ScienceGlobal Change BiologyMedicineBiological Sciences
Population demography is typically assumed to be strongly influenced by climatic factors, particularly with succulent plants and cacti. The saguaro cactus (Carnegiea gigantea) is a long-lived columnar cactus of the Sonoran Desert that... more
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      ZoologyDemographyClimate ChangeEcology
We present evidence that land use practices in the plains of Colorado influence regional climate and vegetation in adjacent natural areas in the Rocky Mountains in predictable ways. Mesoscale climate model simulations using the Colorado... more
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      Climate change biologyClimate Change and impacts on Mountain streamsLanduse ChangeGlobal Change Biology
Recent trends of increasing woody vegetation in arid and semiarid ecosystems may contribute substantially to the North American C sink. There is considerable uncertainty, however, in the extent to which woody encroachment alters dryland... more
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      Global Change BiologyBiological SciencesEnvironmental SciencesNitrogen
Temporal trends of N 2 O fluxes across the soil-atmosphere interface were determined using continuous flux chamber measurements over an entire growing season of a subsurface aerating macrophyte (Phalaris arundinacea) in a nonmanaged... more
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      Global Change BiologyBiological SciencesEnvironmental SciencesNitrification
Lake littoral zones have a transitional nature and dynamic conditions, which are reflected in their CH 4 emissions. Thus, detailed studies are needed to assess the littoral CH 4 emissions in a regional scale. In this study, CH 4 fluxes... more
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      Global Change BiologyBiological SciencesGlobal changeEnvironmental Sciences
Over-exploitation and habitat degradation are the two major drivers of global environmental change and are responsible for local extinctions and declining ecosystem services.
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      Global Change BiologyBiological SciencesGlobal changeEnvironmental Sciences
Decadal-to multi-decadal variations have been reported in many regional ecosystems in the North Pacific, resulting in an increasing demand to elucidate the link between longterm climatic forcing and marine ecosystems. We detected... more
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    •   5  
      Climate ChangeGlobal Change BiologyBiological SciencesEnvironmental Sciences
Both endophytic and mycorrhizal fungi interact with plants to form symbiosis in which the fungal partners rely on, and sometimes compete for, carbon (C) sources from their hosts. Changes in photosynthesis in host plants caused by... more
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      Global Change BiologyBiological SciencesGlobal changeEnvironmental Sciences
The livestock sector contributes considerably to global greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). Here, for the year 2007 we examined GHG emissions in the EU27 livestock sector and estimated GHG emissions from production and consumption of... more
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      Global Change BiologyBiological SciencesEnvironmental SciencesLivestock
Combining a climatic envelope modelling technique with more than two centuries (1800-2009) of distribution records has revealed the effects of a changing climate on the egg-laying monotreme, the platypus, Ornithorhynchus anatinus. We show... more
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      Global Change BiologyBiological SciencesEnvironmental Sciences
Climate change is expected to cause extensive vegetation changes in the Arctic: deciduous shrubs are already expanding, in response to climate warming. The results from transect studies suggest that increasing shrub cover will impact... more
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      Climate ChangeGlobal Change BiologyBiological SciencesGlobal change
Increased intensity in precipitation events and longer periods of water deficit are predicted as a general trend under future climate scenarios with potentially large effects on terrestrial ecosystem function. The primary objective of... more
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      Global Change BiologyBiological SciencesGlobal changeEnvironmental Sciences
Proposed European policy in the agricultural sector will place higher emphasis on soil organic carbon (SOC), both as an indicator of soil quality and as a means to offset CO 2 emissions through soil carbon (C) sequestration. Despite... more
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      SoilCarbonAgricultureCarbon Sequestration
Regrowing forests on cleared land is a key strategy to achieve both biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation globally. Maximizing these co-benefits, however, remains theoretically and technically challenging because of the... more
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    •   27  
      ForestryClimate ChangeSoilCarbon Sequestration
Ocean acidification (OA) may alter the behaviour of sediment-bound metals, modifying their bioavailability and thus toxicity. We provide the first experimental test of this hypothesis with the amphipod Corophium volutator. Amphipods were... more
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      Water qualityDNA damageGlobal Change BiologyQuality Control
Phenology, by controlling the seasonal activity of vegetation on the land surface, plays a fundamental role in regulating photosynthesis and other ecosystem processes, as well as competitive interactions and feedbacks to the climate... more
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      Global Change BiologyBiological SciencesGlobal changeEnvironmental Sciences
The Lund±Potsdam±Jena Dynamic Global Vegetation Model (LPJ) combines process-based, large-scale representations of terrestrial vegetation dynamics and land-atmosphere carbon and water exchanges in a modular framework. Features include... more
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      BiogeochemistryClimate ChangeCarbon CycleGlobal Change Biology
The incidence and severity of forest fires are linked to the interaction between climate, fuel and topography. Increased warming and drying in the future is expected to have a significant impact on the risk of forest fire occurrence. An... more
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      Climate ChangeRiskVulnerabilityGlobal Change Biology
Old forests are important carbon pools, but are thought to be insigni®cant as current atmospheric carbon sinks. This perception is based on the assumption that changes in productivity with age in complex, multiaged, multispecies natural... more
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      Carbon SequestrationGlobal Change BiologyBiological SciencesGlobal change
Although a significant amount of the organic C stored in soil resides in subsurface horizons, the dynamics of subsurface C stores are not well understood. The objective of this study was to determine if changes in soil moisture,... more
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      Global Change BiologyBiological SciencesGlobal changeEnvironmental Sciences
Since the late 1970s, several long-term ecological studies were conducted to better understand the biogeochemical functioning of Norway spruce stands in the Ardennes as these nutrient-poor ecosystems were subject to high levels of acid... more
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      Global Change BiologyBiological SciencesGlobal changeEnvironmental Sciences
Cumulative pressures from global climate and ocean change combined with multiple regional and local-scale stressors pose fundamental challenges to coral reef managers worldwide. Understanding how cumulative stressors affect coral reef... more
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      Climate ChangeCoral ReefsGlobal Change BiologyBiological Sciences
Ecosystem respiration is the biotic conversion of organic carbon to carbon dioxide by all of the organisms in an ecosystem, including both consumers and primary producers. Respiration exhibits an exponential temperature dependence at the... more
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      Ecosystems EcologyBiogeochemistryClimate ChangeCarbon Cycle
Sea turtles show temperature dependent sex determination. Using an empirical relationship between sand and air temperature, we reconstructed the nest temperatures since 1855 at Ascension Island, a major green turtle (Chelonia mydas)... more
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      Climate ChangeGlobal Change BiologyMarine TurtlesGlobal Warming
The structural framework of soil mediates all soil processes, at all relevant scales. The spatio-temporal heterogeneity prevalent in most soils underpins the majority of biological diversity in soil, providing refuge sites for prey... more
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      Climate ChangeGlobal Change BiologyBiological SciencesGlobal change
Using Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer data spanning 1981-2006 and calibrated for long-term analyses of vegetation dynamics, we examine whether vegetation cover has increased across Australia and whether there has been a... more
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      Global Change BiologyBiological SciencesGlobal changeEnvironmental Sciences
Understanding the terrestrial carbon budget, in particular the strength of the terrestrial carbon sink, is important in the context of global climate change. Considerable attention has been given to woody encroachment in the western US... more
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      FireInvasive SpeciesGlobal Change BiologyBiological Sciences
Soils provide the largest terrestrial carbon store, the largest atmospheric CO2 source, the largest terrestrial N2O source and the largest terrestrial CH4 sink, as mediated through root and soil microbial processes. A change in land use... more
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      Global Change BiologyBiological SciencesEnvironmental SciencesGreenhouse gases
Given that neither absolute measures nor direct model validations of global terrestrial net primary productivity (NPP) are feasible, intercomparison of global NPP models provides an effective tool to check model consistency. For this... more
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      Water AvailabilityGlobal Change BiologyBiological SciencesGlobal change
Sequestration of atmospheric carbon (C) in soils through improved management of forest and agricultural land is considered to have high potential for global CO 2 mitigation. However, the potential of soils to sequester soil organic carbon... more
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      SoilCarbonAgricultureCarbon Sequestration
Biotic homogenization due to replacement of native biodiversity by widespread generalist species has been demonstrated in a number of ecosystems and taxonomic groups worldwide, causing growing conservation concern. Human disturbance is a... more
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      BiodiversityGlobal Change BiologyBiological SciencesNorway
The cultivation of grapevines for winemaking, known as viticulture, is widely cited as a climate-sensitive agricultural system that has been used as an indicator of both historic and contemporary climate change. Numerous studies have... more
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      Climate ChangeForecastingAgricultureClimate
Predicted responses of transpiration to elevated atmospheric CO 2 concentration (eCO 2 ) are highly variable amongst process-based models. To better understand and constrain this variability amongst models, we conducted an intercomparison... more
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      WaterCarbon DioxideGlobal Change BiologyBiological Sciences
Recent Pan-Arctic shrub expansion has been interpreted as a response to a warmer climate. However, herbivores can also influence the abundance of shrubs in arctic ecosystems. We addressed these alternative explanations by following the... more
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      Global Change BiologyBiological SciencesGlobal changeEnvironmental Sciences
Plant traits-the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants-determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and... more
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      Environmental ScienceComputer ScienceEcosystems EcologyPlant Ecology
Cryoconite holes, which can cover 0.1-10% of the surface area of glaciers, are small, water-filled depressions (typically o1 m in diameter and usually o0.5 m deep) that form on the surface of glaciers when solar-heated inorganic and... more
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      Global Change BiologyBiological SciencesGlobal changeEnvironmental Sciences
This paper reports on the total distribution of spring migration timing of willow warbler, chiffchaff and pied flycatcher at locations in the UK, Germany, Russia and Finland. This is the first time that high-quality data based on... more
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      Global Change BiologyNorth Atlantic OscillationBiological SciencesEnvironmental Sciences
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      BotanyLandscape EcologyGeographyClimate Change
Eddy covariance (EC) continues to provide invaluable insights into the dynamics of Earth's surface processes. However, despite its many strengths, spatial replication of EC at the ecosystem scale is rare. High equipment costs are... more
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      Environmental ScienceAfricaCarbon DioxideAustralia
There is increasing consensus that the global climate will continue to warm over the next century. The biodiversity-rich Amazon forest is a region of growing concern because many global climate model (GCM) scenarios of climate change... more
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      Climate ChangeGlobal Change BiologyBiological SciencesGlobal change
Tropical coral reef teleosts are exclusively ectotherms and their capacity for physical and physiological performance is therefore directly influenced by ambient temperature. This study examined the effect of increased water temperature... more
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      Global Change BiologyBiological SciencesEnvironmental Sciences
Wheat diseases present a constant and evolving threat to food security. We have little understanding as to how increased atmospheric carbon dioxide levels will affect wheat diseases and thus the security of grain supply. Atmospheric CO2... more
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      Climate ChangeGlobal Change BiologyBiological SciencesEnvironmental Sciences