Indian Institute of Technology

Environmental Wind Tunnel (EWT) has emerged as one of the most widely used technique to carry out a wide rage of air pollution studies. EWT technique has shown promising results in analyzing complex fluid dynamical problems that are presently intractable through analytical/numerical technique. In EWT, the emission conditions, different meteorological situations, terrain and topographical features can be changed at will and useful data translatable to the real life situations can be obtained. Recently, EWT technique is being used to bridge the gap between the actual field conditions and various mathematical assumptions. Most of the EWTs throughout the world are located in few industrialized countries. In India, an EWT has been constructed and put operational at the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Delhi. This facility is first of its kind in South Asia, the nearest in the east is in Japan and that in the west is in Europe and USA. It is expected that with the operation of first ...

This book has culminated into its title as an outgrowth of series of undergraduate and graduate level courses on ordinary differential equations (ODE), taught by the author for the past several years. It is our aim to present a unified and comprehensive treatment to ODE based on widely used abstract formulations in the underlying spaces. The emphasis is more on qualitative analysis of solvability of ODE than the actual methodology of computing the closed form solution. In our presentation we presume only the basic knowledge of linear algebra and advanced calculus of the undergraduate level. Hence the text is suitable for graduate students of mathematics and other branches of science and engineering requiring a broad perspective of ODE. The contents have been class tested for several years in a regular course on ODE in the Department of Mathematics at IIT Bombay.

Design history conferences often echo with the laments of leaving out the 'peripheral' and postcolonial accounts. There have been attempts to ‘bridge the gaps’ in the last two decades first through the initiation of the International Conferences on Design History and Studies (ICDHS) and later in the year 2013 through the Design History Society’s first annual meet outside Europe at The National Institute of Design (NID) in Ahmedabad, India. Scholars have taken these opportunities to challenge the hegemony of the ‘centre’ by presenting the accounts from larger geographies of design on broader facets like craft, communication and architecture. However, comprehensive accounts of institutional history around design in postcolonial India have only been few. The recent ‘50-years retrospective’ by National Institute of Design Ahmedabad’s is one such monograph. So, here comes a version which voices another school of design from postcolonial India, Industrial Design Centre at Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IDC), now approaching its fiftieth year of existence.

It was the early modernist architectural projects of independent India in which the geometry of the line, the plane and orthogonal massing expressed themselves. These seem like vectors shot out from the fractal cacophony of the bazaar into the empty space of that green-field site so intrinsic to the perception of that moment of modernity. These new buildings broken into geometric light and shadow by a harsh tropical sun heightened the compositional possibilities of the photographic image with the emptiness of their sites. 

Five decades later the exuberance of that aesthetic moment of confluence between the building and the photograph seems to have passed. No longer is there an innocence in that emptiness in which lay the latent possibilities of a nation to be built.

Five Decades later the buildings are used, worn, added to, adapted and maintained. Vegetation grows, spaces are peopled and their movement is continuous: Inhabitation. Inhabitation is the process by which a building belongs to someone other than itself. Inhabitation absorbs abstract self referentiality.

Madan Mahatta inhabits the emptiness around Jugal Kishore Chowdhury’s IIT buildings. 
This emptiness accentuates a stark geometry of light and shadow, its suspended lines with the subtle hint of a vanishing point and the possibility of a perspectival eye. For perspective to kick in we are necessarily distanced from the building and its elements, which always remain objects.

In the photographs by Randhir Singh we are much closer to the building such that much of it lies outside the image. The sky and ground interlock tightly with the building blocks in rectilinear compositions. They are more swathes of varying planar colour and texture than expansive sky or receding foreground. Through subtle abstract composition these photograph search for that germinal geometric moment in IIT Delhi’s inhabited contemporary Milieu.

The play between building geometry and the geometry of image composition as they inhabit the site of Jugal Kishore Chowdhury across half a century mark the conversation between photographers Madan Mahatta and Randhir Singh

The present study examined the relationship between emotional intelligence and entrepreneurial orientation on a sample of 301 students (future techno-managers) randomly selected from different departments of engineering and management of Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kharagpur, India. All the respondents were administered on the scales of emotional intelligence and entrepreneurial orientation. The findings of the study showed positively significant correlation among the variables of emotional intelligence and entrepreneurial orientation. Regression analysis revealed significant contribution of emotional intelligence in predicting entrepreneurial orientation. The future implications of the study have been discussed in the light of empirical findings and in the context of effective entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial management.

on the engineering education. During the preparations for the competition the students have to plan, synthesize (mechanical/ electrical/ electronics/ programming aspects), design, fabricate, assemble, test and debug the robots. The project embeds in them not only all aspects of engineering product development, but also teaches them management techniques essential for proper coordination of the team of 15-20 students.

Southern University and A&M College (SUBR): Design and development of low cost, more efficient materials that can facilitate widespread commercialization of clean energy technologies such as fuel cells, solar cells, high energy density batteries, and supercapacitors to address the world's energy and environmental challenges. Our research encompasses a broad range of activities including design of new materials based on basic chemistry and physics concepts, novel chemical synthesis and processing, advanced materials characterization, physical and chemical property measurements, fabrication and evaluation of prototype devices, and a fundamental understanding of the structure-property-performance relationships of materials.

Optical flow analysis for motion estimation, image segmentation, object detection and tracking has significantly revolutionized the fields of computer vision and robotics. Optical flow datasets provide a base and benchmark for training, testing and comparison of optical flow algorithms. This paper provides a review and analysis of available datasets that can be used for training and evaluation of optical flow algorithms in various applications of computer vision and robotics. In this paper, optical flow datasets are discussed with different attributes that can be utilized for comparison, reflecting the advantages and correct usage for key implementation of a specific task. In addition to this, open research challenges for the generation of finer and preferable optical flow datasets have been discussed.

In this paper we consider the model selection/ discrimination among the three important lifetime distributions. All these three distributions have been used quite effectively to analyze lifetime data in the reliability analysis. We study the probability of correct selection using the maximized likelihood method, as it has been used in the literature. We further compute the asymptotic probability of correct selection and compare the theoretical and simulation results for different sample sizes and for different model parameters. The results have been extended for Type-I censored data also. The theoretical and simulation results match quite well. Two real data sets have been analyzed for illustrative purposes. We also suggest a method to determine the minimum sample size required to discriminate among the three distributions for a given probability of correct selection and a user specified protection level.

The present study proposes a steady-state mathematical model for dispersion of contaminants in low winds that takes into account the along-wind diffusion, but it does not consider the variable wind direction typical of low wind. The solution of the advection-diffusion equation for these conditions is obtained applying the generalized integral Laplace transform technique (GILTT) method and the eddy diffusivities are functions of distance from the source. The performance of the model was evaluated against the field experiments at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, the Lillestro¨m dataset and during convective conditions at the Indian Institute of Technology. r

Governments in many developing countries acknowledge they are facing difficulties in their attempt to meet the basic health needs of their populations. They rely on contracting out to private (for-profit and not-for-profit) organizations as a strategy to meet the needs of underserved populations. For the most part, the public sector chooses to contract out primary healthcare services to the private sector to expand access, increase the availability of medicines and medical supplies, and improve the quality of care. In both urban and rural settings, private for-profit and non-profit health service providers serve both the rich and the poor. Communities often recognize private sector healthcare providers to be more responsive to their healthcare needs and preferences in terms of services available, suitable timings and geographical access etc. Private sector has always played a significant role in the delivery of health services in developing countries. Publicprivate-partnership (PPP) is an approach under which services are delivered by the private sector, while the responsibility for providing the resources rests with the government. Establishing a PPP requires a legal framework acceptable to all the partners, clarity on the commitment of resources, roles and responsibilities of each partner, as well as accountability to provide a given set of services at a desired level of quality and affordable user charges. Formalizing such an arrangement between partners requires conceptualising a framework for Public Private Partnership (PPP) to manage the delivery of health services.

This paper reports the rigid body based simulations for frontal impact of Three Wheeled Scooter Taxi (TST) with a rigid barrier and those of a TST with a pedestrian in different spatial configurations. The simulations have been carried out in MADYMO TM . The paper describes the development of the TST model, assesses the scale of injuries to the driver, occupant and pedestrian during the occurrence of these impacts and analyses the crashworthiness of TST. It is observed that even with small changes in the TST there is significant improvement in the injury indices. We thus believe that there is a considerable scope of improvement of the crashwothiness of the TST.

A line source model, developed in Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi, India, namely IIT line source (IITLS) model, is proposed to describe the downwind dispersion of pollutants near roadways along with a brief description of California line source (CALINE-3) dispersion model. Both the models are based on the Gaussian plume methodology and are used to predict air pollutants' concentrations near roadways. The IITLS model's parameters like source strength and dispersion parameters are estimated from routine data available in urban Delhi.

In Engineering Education, we teach and learn to be technically oriented. It means that one should try to figure out how much Engineering is involved in designing, prototyping, manufacturing etc. in a product or process. Innovative- ness or being innovative is one of the major characteristics is always expected from an engineer. This trait is very useful everywhere in human

The basic intent of the present work is to evaluate the potential of using a clean-burning fuel such as hydrogen for small horsepower spark ignition engines. Since compressed natural gas (CNG) has already been used as an alternative fuel for internal combustion engines, an eort has been made in the present work to compare hydrogen fuelling with CNG operation. The engine was operated separately either with hydrogen or compressed natural gas using an electronically-controlled, solenoid-actuated injection system developed in the Engines and Unconventional Fuels Laboratory of the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi. A comparative analysis of the performance and combustion characteristics of the engine system has been made with respect to both the gaseous fuels.

Environmentally-induced degradation, aging, service load augmentation among a multitude of other constructional and serviceability sources of risk, deemed the repair and strengthening of civil structures a crucial necessity. Bridge and building elements are customarily subjected to significant torsional moments that affect the design, and may require strengthening. FRP composites have shown great promise as a state-of-the-art material in flexural and shear strengthening as external reinforcement. However, its applicability in torsional strengthening of RC beams, have received lesser attention, in terms of both experimental and numerical research. The main objectives of the current study are to investigate, experimentally and analytically, the torsional behavior of RC beams strengthened with externally bonded fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) sheets, and to identify the influence of the investigated parameters affecting the torsional behavior on the effectiveness and feasibility of strengthening. The experimental program recounts an overall investigation of torsional strengthening of five rectangular reinforced concrete beams with externally bonded carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets under the effect of combined flexure, shear and torsion. Specimens are strengthened with CFRP composite wraps. The main parameters investigated are the CFRP warps spacing and number of plies. The concrete grade and steel reinforcement ratio are kept constant for all specimens. In the experimental findings, the increase in the ultimate torsional moment for different strengthening configurations, performance improvement and crack patterns are presented. In the analytical part of this research, an analysis was carried out on the experimental findings and then a numerical simulation was carried out using non-linear finite element (FE) modeling. Results are compared and discussed with experimental findings. Finally, a parametric study was conducted to cover wider range of variables includes; full wrapping of beams, using glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP), and using square beam section as a higher torsional stiffness.

In this paper, facial features from the video sequence are explored for characterizing the emotions. The emotions considered for this study are Anger, Fear, Happy, Sad and Neutral. For carrying out the proposed emotion recognition study, the required video data is collected from the studio, Center for Education Technology (CET), at Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kharagpur. The dynamic nature of the grey values of the pixels within the eye and mouth regions are used as the features to capture the emotion specific knowledge from the facial expressions. Multiscale morphological erosion and dilation operations are used to extract features from eye and mouth regions, respectively. The features extracted from left eye, right eye and mouth regions are used to develop the separate models for each emotion category. Autoassociative neural network (AANN) models are used to capture the distribution of the extracted features. The developed models are validated using subject dependent and independent emotion recognition studies. The overall performance of the proposed emotion recognition system is observed to be about 87%.

This paper reports the rigid body based simulations for frontal impact of Three Wheeled Scooter Taxi (TST) with a rigid barrier and those of a TST with a pedestrian in different spatial configurations. The simulations have been carried out in MADYMO TM . The paper describes the development of the TST model, assesses the scale of injuries to the driver, occupant and pedestrian during the occurrence of these impacts and analyses the crashworthiness of TST. It is observed that even with small changes in the TST there is significant improvement in the injury indices. We thus believe that there is a considerable scope of improvement of the crashwothiness of the TST.

With the growing antropogenic activities and urbanization, pollution level is found to be increasing in the Indo-Gangetic (IG) basin. This trend of increasing pollution has direct impact on the climatic conditions, especially the increase of haze, fog and cloudy conditions in the region. A ground-based CIMEL radiometer has been deployed on the campus of the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kanpur, India, as a part of the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) program with an objective to characterize the aerosols in the IG basin. The optical properties of the aerosols over Kanpur, which is one of the largest industrial cities in the IG basin, show strong seasonal and inter-annual variations. The fine mode urban/industrial aerosols contribute more than 75% to the observed aerosol optical depth (AOD) during the post-monsoon and winter seasons, whereas the natural dusts contribute $60% to the AOD during the pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons. Effective radius (R eff ) and volume weighted mean radius (R V ), the two best representative parameter of the coarse and fine modes of aerosol size distribution show maximum values during winter season. The increase in the R V is attributed to the hygroscopic growth of fine mode particles in presence of high relative humidity and favorable temperature condition; but the increase in r eff is due to the association of the fine mode absorbing particles to the coarser dusts. This is also reflected in low values (< 0.8) of single scattering albedo (SSA) at coarse mode during the season. Higher values of SSA at fine mode indicate dominance of water-soluble aerosols scattering in nature. The linear regression equations between AOD (at 0.67 lm wavelength) and extinction coefficient due to fine and coarse modes also reveal the relative contribution of the fine and coarse mode particles to the observed optical properties during different seasons in Kanpur.

This study presents the numerical simulation of Navier-Stokes, energy and hydromagnetic equations to analyse two-dimensional natural convection of liquid metals subjected to transverse magnetic field. The spatio-temporal study shows that the oscillatory flow changes to steady fluid flow pattern with increase in intensity of applied magnetic field for a range of Rayleigh number (Ra) between 10 5 and 10 8 . The strength of magnetic field governs the pattern formation as well as the amplitude of the velocities for any particular Rayleigh number in the above range. The amplitude of aperiodic oscillations of any dynamical variable at higher Ra gets significantly damped out, especially removal of low-power harmonics with increase in the strength of magnetic field through variation of Chandrasekhar number.

For the atmospheric dispersion of pollutants in low wind conditions, a steady-state mathematical model has been formulated which takes into account the diffusion in all the coordinate directions and the advection due to mean wind. The analytical solution has been obtained by assuming constant eddy diffusivity coefficients in the advection-diffusion equation. The solution reduces to a familiar form which yields the standard Gaussian plume solution when slender or thin plume approximation is invoked. The analytical solution obtained matches with the Gaussian plume solution for ground-level concentration at the plume centreline.

The present study proposes a steady-state mathematical model for dispersion of contaminants in low winds that takes into account the along-wind diffusion. The solution of the advection-diffusion equation for these conditions is obtained applying the Laplace transform, considering the planetary boundary layer as a multilayer system. The eddy diffusivities used in the K-diffusion model were derived from the local similarity and Taylor's diffusion theory. The eddy diffusivities are functions of distance from the source and correctly represent the near-source diffusion in weak winds. The performances of the model were evaluated against the field experiments carried out at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory and during the convective conditions at the Indian Institute of Technology. Furthermore, the study suggests that the inclusion of the longitudinal diffusion, important at short distance diffusion from a continuous point source in low wind conditions, can improve the description of the turbulent transport of atmospheric contaminants. r

The present study proposes a steady-state mathematical model for dispersion of contaminants in low winds that takes into account the along-wind diffusion. The solution of the advection-diffusion equation for these conditions is obtained applying the Laplace transform, considering the planetary boundary layer as a multilayer system. The eddy diffusivities used in the K-diffusion model were derived from the local similarity and Taylor's diffusion theory. The eddy diffusivities are functions of distance from the source and correctly represent the near-source diffusion in weak winds. The performances of the model were evaluated against the field experiments carried out at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory and during the convective conditions at the Indian Institute of Technology. Furthermore, the study suggests that the inclusion of the longitudinal diffusion, important at short distance diffusion from a continuous point source in low wind conditions, can improve the description of the turbulent transport of atmospheric contaminants. r

In this paper, methodology, experiments and experiences of the authors over a period of last six years with engineering students of the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi involved in robotics projects, mainly, Robotic Contest (RoboCon) organized by the ...

A previously obtained analytical solution to model the short-range dispersion of pollutants in low winds from surface releases has been used to simulate diffusion tests conducted during winter in weakly convective conditions at the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi. The turbulence parameterization based on friction velocity has been tested to simulate diffusion experiment. Such a parameterization in this study is considered justifiable on two counts: (1) prevailing meteorological and dispersion conditions have been generally of weakly unstable type as indicated by values of Monin-Obukhov length and bulk Richardson number, (2) uncertainties associated with the application of convective velocity based similarity parameterization to simulation of diffusion experiment at IIT Delhi, resulting in significant underprediction in most of the cases (Atmos. Environ. 30 (1996a) 1137). With this parameterization, the model simulations have improved considerably and compare reasonably well with the observations. Further, the results from a simple Gaussian model have been included for comparison. This study is in continuation of the work done earlier to simulate near-source dispersion in weak winds.

In this report, we present a summary and a few reflections of a one day workshop on Software Engineering Education held on February 22, 2012 at Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India collocated with the 5th India Software Engineering Conference. We identify a gap and believe there is a need for creating an annual discussion forum that serves the need of having a regular workshop for software engineering education in India and also benefit the global software engineering education community by sharing the workshop insights and results by a publication process. The workshop consists of two keynotes, one from academia and one from industry, two subgroups discussions and presentations by the subgroups on their discussions. Three systematic techniques, invitation of position statements, set up of a Google group and an online survey, were employed before the workshop to estimate number of participants, subgroups and size of each subgroup for effective discussions. Twenty participan...

The Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) are among the most prestigious technical institutes in India (and perhaps in the world) for undergraduate engineering education. Admission to an IIT is viewed by many Indians as a passport to success, prosperity, prestige, and possibly moving to Western countries for higher studies and/or jobs. This paper examines whether (i) access to the IITs is open to students irrespective of their socioeconomic status; (ii) students' satisfaction, once they enter an IIT, is conditioned by their socioeconomic status; and (iii) students' attitudes towards their future plans are influenced by their socioeconomic status. The paper is based on a survey conducted with nearly 260 students at two out of five original IITs in 2007-2008. Findings reveal that access to the IITs, satisfaction at the IITs, and future plans after the IITs are strongly correlated to students' socioeconomic status. Even though admission to the IITs is based on an entrance examination, most of its students are from the socially and economically welloff families.

The study was carried out at the experimental farm of the Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India, having a sub-humid climate. A weighing type lysimeter of 75 cm diameter and 75 cm height was installed at the center of a 10 m  10 m experimental plot and daily reference crop evapotranspiration (ET 0) was measured with an electronic datalogger connected to the lysimeter. Grass was used as the reference crop for observing the actual ET. A total of 10 climatological methods were selected for estimating reference crop evapotranspiration on a daily basis. Some of these methods are based on combination theory and others are empirical methods based primarily on solar radiation, temperature and relative humidity. All the methods were originally developed for a well watered reference crop, either alfalfa or grass. An attempt was made in the current study to develop regional relationships between the evapotranspiration measured by the lysimeter and that estimated by the climatological methods, such as Penman, FAO±Penman, FAO±Corrected±Penman, 1982-Kimberley±Penman, Penman± Monteith, Turc±Radiation, Priestley±Taylor, FAO±Radiation, Hargreaves and FAO±Blaney± Criddle. Performance of the climatological methods in estimating the ET 0 values as compared to the lysimeter-measured values was evaluated on the basis of root mean square error (RMSE). Almost all combination methods performed quite well. Radiation methods also gave good results but the ET 0 values estimated by these methods did not match closely with the measured ET 0 values unlike those estimated by the combination methods. The Penman±Monteith equation gave the best result followed by 1982-Kimberly±Penman, FAO±Penman, Turc±Radiation and FAO±Blaney± Criddle. The RMSE in all the cases varied between 0.08 and 0.756. Crop-coef®cients (K c) were estimated for potato crop at different stages of growth, at the same location, based on lysimeter measured actual ET and the reference crop evapotranspiration estimated by various methods. The measured values of crop-coef®cient for potato crop at four stages of growth, such as initial, crop development, reproductive and maturity were 0.42, 0.85, 1.27 Agricultural Water Management 50 (2001) 9±25

Establishing an ETD repository at any organization having large volume of these is really a challenging task. As the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur had started its research programs from 1963 onwards, we have over 9000 of M.Tech and Ph. D theses in different areas of Science, Engineering, and Humanities & Social Sciences. We have completed the digitization of all submitted theses. Our ETD powered by DSpace with more advanced features like crosscollection search, linking to referred IITK theses, user friendly design and customized work flow for different modes of submission of theses to ETD etc.. In this paper, we clearly explain and share the experiences we have gained from the digitization to accessing ETD, and the challenges we faced, enhancements we incorporated with special emphasis on technical developments, and the lessons we have learnt during the various stages of development of our project for ETD.

A previously obtained analytical solution to model the short-range dispersion of pollutants in low winds from surface releases has been used to simulate diffusion tests conducted during winter in weakly convective conditions at the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi. The turbulence parameterization based on friction velocity has been tested to simulate diffusion experiment. Such a parameterization in this study is considered justifiable on two counts: (1) prevailing meteorological and dispersion conditions have been generally of weakly unstable type as indicated by values of Monin–Obukhov length and bulk Richardson number, (2) uncertainties associated with the application of convective velocity based similarity parameterization to simulation of diffusion experiment at IIT Delhi, resulting in significant underprediction in most of the cases (Atmos. Environ. 30 (1996a) 1137). With this parameterization, the model simulations have improved considerably and compare reasonably well with the observations. Further, the results from a simple Gaussian model have been included for comparison. This study is in continuation of the work done earlier to simulate near-source dispersion in weak winds.

Establishing an ETD repository at any organization having large volume of these is really a challenging task. As the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur had started its research programs from 1963 onwards, we have over 9000 of M.Tech and Ph. D theses in different areas of Science, Engineering, and Humanities & Social Sciences. We have completed the digitization of all submitted theses. Our ETD powered by DSpace with more advanced features like crosscollection search, linking to referred IITK theses, user friendly design and customized work flow for different modes of submission of theses to ETD etc.. In this paper, we clearly explain and share the experiences we have gained from the digitization to accessing ETD, and the challenges we faced, enhancements we incorporated with special emphasis on technical developments, and the lessons we have learnt during the various stages of development of our project for ETD.

A systematic study of the effect of humid atmosphere on the stability of various phases of BSCCO system is reported. Samples exhibiting single 2223 phase were found to be insensitive to humid atmosphere ,whereas multiphasic 8amples as well as samples havlng only 2212 phase showed the presence of Bi~CuO,, SrCO,, CaCO, and CuO and lowering of Tc. The formation of impurity phases in the de~raded multiphasic samples is ascribed to the decomposition of 2212 phase.

For the atmospheric dispersion of pollutants in low wind conditions, a steady-state mathematical model has been formulated which takes into account the diffusion in all the coordinate directions and the advection due to mean wind. The analytical solution has been obtained by assuming constant eddy diffusivity coefficients in the advection-diffusion equation. The solution reduces to a familiar form which yields the standard Gaussian plume solution when slender or thin plume approximation is invoked. The analytical solution obtained matches with the Gaussian plume solution for ground-level concentration at the plume centreline. The model has been evaluated with data collected from the experiments conducted at the sports ground of the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi (India). The results are reasonably good keeping in view the limitations of the data and the model. The model performs well as indicated by the agreement between the observed concentrations and those calculated using 30 min and 3 min averaging.

The present study proposes a steady-state mathematical model for dispersion of contaminants in low winds that takes into account the along-wind diffusion. The solution of the advection-diffusion equation for these conditions is obtained applying the Laplace transform, considering the planetary boundary layer as a multilayer system. The eddy diffusivities used in the K-diffusion model were derived from the local similarity and Taylor's diffusion theory. The eddy diffusivities are functions of distance from the source and correctly represent the near-source diffusion in weak winds. The performances of the model were evaluated against the field experiments carried out at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory and during the convective conditions at the Indian Institute of Technology. Furthermore, the study suggests that the inclusion of the longitudinal diffusion, important at short distance diffusion from a continuous point source in low wind conditions, can improve the description of the turbulent transport of atmospheric contaminants.

It is a common story that weapons of policemen are stolen. A result of this is the use of these weapons for various crimes. It is not uncommon to see these weapons of law enforcement being used to break the law instead. The problem is that the pistols do not recognize their ...

Strong heat source at the isolation condenser wall of an Advanced Heavy Water Reactor, results in natural convection in gravity driven water pool, which leads to a thermally stratified pool. Governing equations simulating fluid flow and heat distribution are solved numerically by a general purpose Computational Fluid Dynamics solver developed at Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur. Incompressible finite volume method with non-staggered grid arrangement is used in this exercise. This algorithm is fully implicit and semi-coupled. Turbulent natural convection in a boundary layer for high Rayleigh numbers is analyzed by the Lam–Bremhorst k − ε turbulence model. Analysis of unsteady laminar natural convection in a side-heated water cavity is also done for different values of Rayleigh number. Results show a warm fluid layer floating on the top of gradually colder layer (along the vertical direction) that indicates the presence of thermal stratification phenomenon. This fact necessitates additional safety features in such a system so that the detrimental effect such as stratification is minimized.

Abstract. The efficient operation and management of an existing water supply system require short-term water demand forecasts as inputs. Conventionally, regression and time series analysis have been employed in modelling short-term water demand forecasts. The relatively new ...

An 86-part series with an elaborate word-by-word explanation of the entire Katha Upanishad, giving its contemporary relevance and connections with psychology and neurology. These talks were given at the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India.