Invertebrate Zoology

Se registran por primera vez los géneros Callibaetis Eaton y Paracloeodes Day para Venezuela y se añade una nueva localidad para Mayobaetis Mayo. Callibaetis radiatus Navas, 1920 se logró identificar a partir de ninfas criadas hasta la emergencia de los adultos; Paracloeodes pakawara Nieto and Salles, 2006 y Mayobaetis ellenae (Mayo, 1973), con base en las ninfas. La colecta se llevó a cabo en cuerpos de agua de la región centro-norte del país, específicamente en los estados Carabobo y Yaracuy. Con este reporte se aumenta el conocimiento sobre la biodiversidad de efemerópteros de Venezuela.

The first of two books of unpublished notes on Bukusu knowledge of insects and other invertebrates written for me by David Masika Wepukhulu in June 1992. Bukusu is one of the Luhya languages spoken in western Kenya and is closely related to Masaaba in eastern Uganda. David, a young in-law, was staying with us in Nyali and studying in Mombasa. This is one of a series of exercise books about different aspects of Bukusu culture and ethnobiology that he wrote at my request.

Present systematic studies conducted in the month of December 2016 to April 2017. 961 wheat spiders were collected and sorted out into four families namely Araneidae, Lycosidae, Oxyopidae and Tetragnathidae, five genera namely Argiope, Lycosa, Pardosa, Oxyopes and Tetragnatha and six species namely Argiope trifasciata, A. Pradhani, Lycosa terrestris, Pardosa birmanica, Oxyopes marginalis, Tetragnatha javana. wheat spiders' species are first time recorded from wheat field of district Kamber-

This paper presents an annotated and illustrated catalogue of nominal species-group taxa named by G. A. W. HERRICH-SCHÄFFER in his serial publication “Sammlung neuer oder wenig bekannter aussereuropäischer Schmetterlinge ” (1850–1858) for which type material and original specimens have recently been identified in the collections of the SMNS. The iden-tity of the hitherto unrecognised type specimens, mostly originating from South Africa and Surinam, could be established by original information provided by HERRICH-SCHÄFFER on the wrappers of the separately published coloured plates of the work; information which was not repeated in the main text. The printed text on the wrappers constituting an important part of the original description by HERRICH-SCHÄFFER has implications for the original generic combination and date of publication of several nominal taxa, which are discussed. For 55 nominal taxa representing 14 Lepidoptera families, syntype specimens could be identified in the SMNS ...

Urbanization alters natural habitats, affecting bird feeding behaviors. This preliminary study investigates feeding patterns of common garden birds in Pabna City, Bangladesh. Observations reveal species diversity, dietary habits, and human influences on feeding. Findings highlight the adaptability of urban birds and the impact of human activity on their behavior.

Agusan Marsh is the 1009 RAMSAR site, a wildlife sanctuary which harbour unique and pristine faunal species. It is considered one of the most ecologically significant wetland ecosystems in the Philippines. The study assessed species distribution and abundance using Geographic Information System Map in Agusan Marsh between Sago Palm and Terminalia Forest. Results showed a total of 322 individuals, 11 species and 6 families of amphibians documented. Of the 11 species of amphibians documented in Sago Palm and Terminalia Forest, 6 were Philippine endemics, 3 were invasive species in the area. Terminalia forest had the highest number of individuals documented during the conduct of the study. Sago Palm and Terminalia Forest have almost the same type of vegetation where amphibian species thrive most. Furthermore, ecological and environmental threats (conversion of Terminalia Forest to agricultural land, runoff of environmental pollutants, pesticides run-off and Kaingin or Slash and Burns) ...

Dugesia species of Karaj river in Iran were investigated from cytologial, and morphoanatomical point of view. Two different populations were studied. Individuals from Gajereh region possessed 2n=25 and those of Gachsar possessed 2n=26. They varied in details of karyotypes, G-Banding pattern and morpho-anatomical features. Cluster analysis separated the two populations of Dugesia in different clusters. Two new species of Dugesia with new chromosome number having complete asexual reproduction are reported.

Located in central Greece, Melissotrypa Cave is a hypogenic cave that contains a sulfidic lake. Biological investigations in this cave led to the discovery of several endemic troglobitic invertebrates, some of which occur in high densities of up to 200 specimens per square meter. The subterranean aquatic community appears to rely on a rich autochthonous food-base provided by chemoautotrophic sulfur-oxidizing microorganisms that form microbial biofilms floating on the surface of the sulfidic lake. Several terrestrial species inhabiting the upper sections of the cave rely on allochthonous food brought in from the surface such as vegetal detritus falling into the cave's entrance shaft, and bat guano. Melissotrypa Cave allows the comparative study of chemoautotrophically and photoautotrophically based subterranean communities thriving within the same cave.

The detergents are household chemical cleaning compounds used in a wide range of our daily life for diverse purposes. 'Ghari' is a common detergent used largely in India. The present study examined the effects of a commercial household synthetic detergent 'Ghari' on the mortality and behavioural changes in the freshwater fish Channa punctata. The median lethal concentration (LC) of this detergent was determined using probit analysis software (SPSS version 50 26) at 95% confidence limit. The 96h LC value for Channa punctata was found to be 20.121 50 mg/L. Toxicity increased significantly with higher detergent concentrations and longer exposure periods. Morphological changes observed after 96 hours of exposure included body and gill discoloration, damaged fins, and excessive mucus secretion. Behavioural alterations in detergentexposed fish included erratic swimming, restlessness, aggression, hyperactivity, and frequent movement near the bottom of the tank. Further research is recommended to explore the physiological effects for a better understanding of environmental impacts.

This is to certify that the dissertation entitled "A comparison of susceptibility to feeding by the black bean aphid (Aphis fabae) between two varieties of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) Gloria and Nua 45) commonly grown in Zimbabwe.", submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for Bachelor of Science Honours Degree in Applied Biosciences and Biotechnology at Midlands State University, is a record of the original research carried out by MALVERN T. MUTSIYO R111557M under my supervision and no part of the dissertation has been submitted for any other degree or diploma. Name of supervisor…………………………………………………………………… Signature……………………………………………………………………………. Chairperson signature……………………………………………………………….

GERAUD-POUEY F, CHIRINOS DT, ROMAY G. 2001. Physical effect of exfoliation of guava tree bark on Capulinia sp. near to jaboticabae von Ihering (Hemiptera: Eriococcidae). Entomotropica Vol 16(1):21-27. Since it appeared in Venezuela in early 1993 the guava cottony scale, Capulinia sp. has become the greatest entomological problem on guava trees, Psidium guajava L. However in the field, trees with smooth bark (with little or without exfoliations) tend to be much less infested by this insect. Therefore, during May-July 1999 the physical effect of bark exfoliations on the establishment, survival and development of Capulinia sp. was assessed, in the laboratory. Three host plant /Criolla oja local selecction) conditions were included: with natural exfoliations, with bark mechanically smoothed (smooth bark) and exfoliations substituted by pieces of absorbent paper adhered to the smoothed bark (artificial exfoliations). Survival of first instar nymphs (crawlers) was significantly increased ...

The excess application of COC may have an adverse effect on both animals and human population to better understand the maternal toxicity estimated in pregnant female albino rats, COC administered orally at different doses (1/10 and 1/20 LD50 of COC equivalent to 147 mg/kg bow and 73.5 mg/kg Bw. respectively) daily from day 6 th to day 15 th of pregnancy with daily observation and weighing. The pregnant dams were sacrificed on day 20 th of gestation and blood and tissue samples collected for hematological, biochemical, histopathological, ultrastructural changes examination besides copper residues level determination in the liver tissues. The results showed that there was a significant dose-dependent decrease in the maternal body weight with respect to the control group besides a significant decrease in the metabolic parameters as glucose, total protein, and cholesterol however, there was a significant increase in the liver enzymes, urea and creatinine furthermore there was a severe decrease in the antioxidant biomarkers as SOD, CT, GSH and GST with a significant increase in the level of MDA revealing oxidative stress additionally the results found that the was a sever histopathological and ultrastructural changes in the liver tissue and hepatocytes. Furthermore, the level of copper in the liver tissue increased significantly in treated dams in comparison to control. Such results revealed the potential maternal toxicity of COC fungicide in a dose-dependent manner in female albino rats after the accumulation of copper in the liver tissue that considered as the main target organ.

Intestinal bacteria are closely related to host's nutrition, metabolism and immunity. Therefore, understanding its composition is the basis for understanding health status of the host. In this study, using high-throughput sequencing of V3-V4 variable region of 16S rRNA, 14 fresh feces of Mandarin Ducks form Shiqian Mandarin Duck Lake National Wetland Park, Guizhou Province were examined to analyze composition and characteristics of intestinal bacteria. Results are as follows: 1107760 valid sequences and 74837 OTU are obtained by sequencing. 244 genera, 130 families, 65 orders, 40 classes and 22 phyla of bacteria are detected, among which 166 genera, 107 families, 60 orders, 40 classes and 22 phyla are identified. Firmicutes (45.72%), Proteobacteria (23.71%), Fusobacteria (14.05%) and Bacteroidetes (10.21%) are dominant phyla (93.69%). Fusobacterium (13.95%), Lactobacillus (6.74%), Pseudomonas (4.72%), Akkermansia (4.23%) and Bacteroides (3.98%) are dominant genera. Fusobacterium and Lactobacillus are common in all samples. Alpha diversity indices are significant differences in bacterial groups of samples, which might be related to daily food intake of Mandarin Ducks. However, the specific differences or influencing mechanism needed to be studied on the relationship between host's diet and intestinal bacteria. This study enriches micro ecology contents of Mandarin Duck, and has certain reference value for evaluating the survival and health conditions of Mandarin Ducks.

Of all the Cuban reptile species, lizards have the greatest richness and diversity. Among them, little is known about the natural history of the species of the genus Diploglossus, so that studies on their ecological niche would provide relevant and novel information about their ecology. Because of that, we proposed to characterize the climatically suitable areas of D. delasagra and D. nigropunctatus and to evaluate the niche overlap between them. We compiled information from 123 georeferenced presence records. Bioclimatic variables of WorldClim were used as predictive variables for the generation of ecological niche models in Maxent program. The final averaged models were binarized to generate presence-absence maps with the ArcGis program. The models obtained were evaluated as useful and excellent according to the difference between the training and testing AUC values, reflecting their high predictive capacity. The contribution of the variables to the resulting models varied between the two species, and in both cases the variables derived from temperature were those with the greatest contribution. The climatically suitable areas completely included the areas of known presence and included other areas. The potential distribution areas of the climate niche for both species showed very different distribution patterns, being higher for D. delasagra (221 123.84 km 2) and smaller for D. nigropunctatus (6 173.82 km 2). The Principal Components Analysis showed a very low niche overlap between the species, being D. delasagra the one with the greatest ecological plasticity and D. nigropunctatus the one with the least, the latter with preference of environments with lower values of seasonality in temperatures and a regime of abundant rainfall all year. The ecological niche breadth was also described using the B1 index in the ENMTools program, and the position and amplitude of the niche along the climatic axes. The Discriminant Analysis showed 95.24% of correct classifications, so there is no overlap between the ecological niches of both species. In conclusion, D. delasagra presents a wide distribution with respect to D. nigropunctatus, restricted to the main mountainous massifs of the east of Cuba, and both niches differ in environmental requirements and amplitude, defined by different variables. Research article Volume 2 Issue 3

Of all the Cuban reptile species, lizards have the greatest richness and diversity. Among them, little is known about the natural history of the species of the genus Diploglossus, so that studies on their ecological niche would provide relevant and novel information about their ecology. Because of that, we proposed to characterize the climatically suitable areas of D. delasagra and D. nigropunctatus and to evaluate the niche overlap between them. We compiled information from 123 georeferenced presence records. Bioclimatic variables of WorldClim were used as predictive variables for the generation of ecological niche models in Maxent program. The final averaged models were binarized to generate presence-absence maps with the ArcGis program. The models obtained were evaluated as useful and excellent according to the difference between the training and testing AUC values, reflecting their high predictive capacity. The contribution of the variables to the resulting models varied between the two species, and in both cases the variables derived from temperature were those with the greatest contribution. The climatically suitable areas completely included the areas of known presence and included other areas. The potential distribution areas of the climate niche for both species showed very different distribution patterns, being higher for D. delasagra (221 123.84 km 2) and smaller for D. nigropunctatus (6 173.82 km 2). The Principal Components Analysis showed a very low niche overlap between the species, being D. delasagra the one with the greatest ecological plasticity and D. nigropunctatus the one with the least, the latter with preference of environments with lower values of seasonality in temperatures and a regime of abundant rainfall all year. The ecological niche breadth was also described using the B1 index in the ENMTools program, and the position and amplitude of the niche along the climatic axes. The Discriminant Analysis showed 95.24% of correct classifications, so there is no overlap between the ecological niches of both species. In conclusion, D. delasagra presents a wide distribution with respect to D. nigropunctatus, restricted to the main mountainous massifs of the east of Cuba, and both niches differ in environmental requirements and amplitude, defined by different variables. Research article Volume 2 Issue 3

Chlorpyrifos is an organophosphorus insecticide broadly used for pest control in the urban and domestic area. It plays an important role in agriculture. Because of its persistent usage, it remains in the natural environment for a long period and hard to degrade its intermediate compounds. Microbial degradation is the best way to confiscate its toxicity. The present study reported that the degradation of chlorpyrifos by soil Pseudomonas aeruginosa Soil sample was collected from the garden. After enriching the soil sample with chlorpyrifos pesticide, the bacterial strain was isolated. The isolated bacterium was identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and used for chlorpyrifos degradation studies. The efficient production of biosurfactant by Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterium was tested with the experiments. The presence of biosurfactant property increases the rate of degradation of chlorpyrifos by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The efficiency of the bacterial strain on the degradation of different concentration of the chlorpyrifos was studied using 1, 5 and 9 ppm of the chlorpyrifos for 15 days. HPLC analysis showed that there was a reduction in peak area of the different concentrations of pesticide samples (1,5 and 9 ppm) inoculated with the isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa with that of control pesticide sample without inoculum on different days (5,10 and 15th day). The bacteria effectively degraded the chlorpyrifos in all the concentration when the duration of exposure is increased. From these above studies, it has been concluded that chlorpyrifos can be biodegradable by Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria which can utilize carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous sources from chlorpyrifos pesticide.

Semiochemicals are natural substances produced and used by insects and plants to communicate. The different Semiochemicals based insect management techniques, such as monitoring, mating disruption, mass trapping, attractant, repellent, and push-pull strategies are highlighted. Semiochemicals are divided into two groups naturally secreted (pheromones and allelochemicals) and not secreted (attractants, disrupt ants, repellents, and other Para pheromones). Pheromones include sex, aggregation, alarm and trail pheromones, etc. Monitoring of insects can be done either with kairomones or pheromones baits traps. Mass trapping aims at catching a substantial proportion of the pest population before mating, oviposition or feeding and thus preventing damage to the crop. Mating disruption technique is achieved by the widespread application of synthetic pheromones. The push-pull strategy involves behavioral manipulation of insect pests and their natural enemies by the integration of stimuli that act to make the protected resources unattractive, while luring them towards an attractive resource, from where the pest is subsequently removed. Methods for crop protection based on Semiochemicals show advantages over method based on conventional insecticides. Semiochemicals are considered safe and environmentally friendly molecule due to their natural origin, low persistence in the environment and species-specific, which attribute much to their harmless effect on non-target organisms. However, there are some difficulties in the practical application of Semiochemicals in pest suppression; therefore, applications of Semiochemicals for insect pest management have, however, been limited.

Nanotechnology and the use of nano scale materials is
a relatively new area of science and technology. The
benefits of nanomaterials and nanoparticles are
potentially enormous and are still being explored. They
have become more and more popular and important in
daily life. Nanoparticles (NPs) have many use in various
fields like electronics, optics, textiles, medical devices,
cosmetics, food packaging, water treatment technology,
fuel cells, catalysts, biosensors and agents for
environmental remediation

Melanin from melanocytes has a broad spectrum of biological activities, including protection against enzymatic lysis, UV radiation, and damage by oxidants and resistance to drugs by pathogens, protection of insects against bacteria and antiviral protection, etc. Coloration of the hair, skin, and eye in animal depends on the quantity, quality, and distribution of the pigment in tissues. Pigmentation is a variety of phenotypes that is important to husbandry. We reviewed the progress of skin color variation in farm animals to provide insights into the biology of skin pigmentation and melanocyte.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the instrumental color and sensory analysis of four brands of eggs: organic (A and B) and conventional (C and D). The analysis of skin color and yolk was performed using a Minolta® colorimeter and sensory analysis was used to rank the preference of thirty tasters. The instrumental color data were subjected to analysis of variance, and significant differences were subjected to Tukey test to detect between the means (p≤0.05). The data were subjected to the sort Friedman test and multiple comparisons between scores. For instrumental color of the egg yolk for both luminosity and chroma sample C differed from the other samples. In the sensory test, significant difference appeared only for yolk color, which sample C appeared darker than others. For aroma and flavor, was no significant difference between samples. The differences presented by samples for instrumental color and color perceived by sensory analysis didn't affect the sensory preference and buying intentions between conventional and organic eggs studied.

Scree, as the main result of the gelivation (gelifraction) processes, represents a very interesting habitat type through the ecologic particularities it has. The formation and the spreading of scree is strongly related to the type of rock that generated it. Different types of rock lead to a different behavior against gelifraction and also against meteorization and bio-meteorization (chemical and biochemical alteration). Some of the mechanical features of rocks are defining regarding the higher or lower susceptibility of generating scree. The present paper is the result of the research on the porosity of meso-metamorphical crystalline schist extracted from different types of scree located on the north-western side of Leaota Mountains. It represents the continuation of some research of similar researches on limestone scree in the previously mentioned geographical area, leading to the conclusion that one can make a comparison between the two categories of rocks (limestone and schist) r...

A new species of the Neotropical leafhopper genus Beamerana Young, 1952 (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae) is described and illustrated based on the specimens from Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil. Beamerana boomerang sp. nov. differs from its congeners by the fore wing venation and the male genitalia. A key to the species of Beamerana is provided. The genus is recorded for Brazil for the first time.

Caryosyntrips is a relatively rare but long-lived and geographically widespread radiodont genus with specimens reported from Cambrian Stage 4 to the Drumian of Gondwana and Laurentia. Most of the currently known specimens are from the Wulian to Drumian deposits of North America and only one specimen is known from Stage 4 of Gondwana. Here, two new specimens are reported. The first one is a C. cf. Caryosyntrips serratus appendage from the Malong Biota of China (Cambrian, Series 2, Stage 3), which also represents the first reported occurrence of Caryosyntrips from China. The second appendage is from the Spence Shale Member (Cambrian, Miaolingian, Wuliuan) of Utah, USA and shares characters with both Caryosyntrips camurus and Caryosyntrips durus. This new specimen indicates that characters previously used to diagnose species might instead reflect intraspecific variation, however confirmation of this depends on discovery of new material. These new finds increase the temporal range of the genus into Cambrian Stage 3 and the specimen from the Malong Biota significantly increases the geographical range of the genus, with its first occurrence in China. In addition to the description of the new material we also discuss the function of the appendages in Caryosyntrips and the ecology of the genus.

College campuses, featuring diverse habitats like gardens, lawns, shrubs, and wooded zones, offer rich opportunities for studying biodiversity, ecological dynamics, and human impact on nature. Moreover, they often mirror urban ecosystems, providing key insights into the sustainable management of green spaces within urban settings to enhance biodiversity amid environmental changes. The present study aims to document the various faunal groups observed within the campus of Kunthavai Naacchiyaar Government Arts College for Women, located in Thanjavur District, Tamil Nadu, India. Over a four-month period, from September to December 2024, a total of 85 species were recorded. The study recorded 85 species across major faunal groups, including Annelida, Arthropoda, Mollusca, and Chordata. Among these, Arthropoda showed the highest species richness, with Insecta emerging as the dominant class, comprising 58 species. Faunal diversity assessments on college campuses can serve as valuable baseline data for future biodiversity monitoring and research. The findings emphasize the importance of conserving and expanding green spaces in educational institutions to foster biodiversity and provide essential habitats for various animal species.

The coccinellid ladybird beetles (Coccinellidae; Coleoptera) fauna of Gilgit-Baltistan was explored during present study. The taxonomic study of the collected beetles revealed twenty nine (29) species of coccinellid beetles in eighteen ( ) genera and four (04) subfamilies from the province of Gilgit-Baltistan. Subfamily Chilocorinae represents four (04) species, subfamily Coccinellinae eighteen (18) species, subfamily Epilachninae three (03) species and subfamily Scymninae four (04) species. Among these, seventeen ( ) species are new records for the study area including five (05) new records to Pakistan. The newly recorded species from Pakistan are; Exochomus nigromaculatus, Priscibrumus trijunctus, Coccinella iranica, C. redemita and Hippodamia apicalis. The remaining species include, Chilocorus infernalis,

Climatic signals preserved in the skeletal growth bands of massive corals offer a long-term perspective that allows understanding sea surface temperature changes at different time scales. In the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico, coral species such as Orbicella faveolata present massive growth forms in shallow waters that facilitate dating of their skeleton, allowing to perform paleoenvironmental studies in coastal areas where instrumental records are scarce and cover short time periods. This study aimed to characterize coral geochemical records in the skeleton of a hermatypic coral O. faveolata collected in the Cayo Santa María (Cuba) reef and to reconstruct seawater surface annual temperatures for the last two centuries. Records of 230 years for Li/Ca, Sr/Ca, Mg/Ca, U/ Ca, Li/Mg, and Sr-U were obtained. The Li/Ca indicator allowed the reconstruction of SST in the study area from 1778 to 2015, indicating an overall increase of 0.77 °C in the last 50 years. In addition, Li/Ca corroborated with high accuracy the characteristic warming and cooling periods reported for the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico since 1778. Orbicella faveolata proved to contain a good multidecadal record of annual temperature and of the Atlantic Multidecadal Variability. These results are the first long-term reconstruction of SST in the Cuban coastal zone and provide relevant information to understand global warming in the Caribbean.

Dentro del Corredor Arrecifal del Suroeste del Golfo de México (casgm) se han realizado diversos estudios que abordan a uno de sus componentes biológicos más importantes: los peces; sin embargo, aún existen vacíos de información sobre el grupo en este corredor. Aunque existen listados de las especies de peces, éstos no han sido reunidos para los arrecifes del casgm. Asimismo, se desconoce el grado de conectividad y similitud de los ensambles ictiofaunísticos presentes en dicho corredor. El presente estudio aborda estas temáticas compilando y analizando la literatura publicada, para conocer el grado de conectividad y dinámica de los ensambles comunitarios a lo largo de las regiones norte, centro y sur del casgm. La actualización taxonómica de las especies reportadas se realizó con el criterio de Fricke, la conectividad se abordó usando el índice de diversidad beta de Whittaker modificado (β) y los ensambles comunitarios se abordaron a través de un análisis canónico parcial (cca). Con base en la información recopilada, la diversidad íctica del casgm asciende a 525 especies agrupadas en 34 órdenes, 102 familias y 270 géneros. Las familias más importantes, que en conjunto representan el 50 % de la riqueza íctica, fueron Serranidae (51 spp, 9.7 %), Labridae (30 spp, 5.7 %; Labrinae:16 spp. y Scarinae: 14 spp), Gobiidae (30 spp, 5.7 %), Carangidae (23 spp, 4.4 %), Scianidae (19 spp, 3.6 %), Haemulidae (18 spp, 3.4 %), Pomacentridae (15 spp, 2.9 %), Labrisomidae (12 spp, 2.3 %), Lutjanidae (12 spp, 2.3 %), Ophichthidae (11 spp, 2.1 %), Paralichthyidae (11 spp, 2.1 %), así como Muraenidae, Clupeidae y Sparidae con 10 especies (1.9 %). A nivel de regiones, destaca la región centro que incluye el Sistema Arrecifal Veracruzano (sav) con 494 especies, seguida por la región norte que incluye el Sistema Arrecifal Lobos-Tuxpan (salt) con 326 especies y, finalmente, la región sur que alberga a los arrecifes los Tuxtlas (at) con 128 especies. En el ámbito de arrecifes, destacan Lobos en la región norte con 259 spp, Verde en la región centro con 144 spp y Palo Seco en la región sur con 106 spp. A través de la diversidad β, considerada como indicador de conectividad, se estimó que las regiones que pudieran mantener mayor conectividad son la región norte con la región centro (β: 0.28), y en menor importancia la región centro con la región sur (β: 0.59). El análisis cca detectó que los ensambles comunitarios ícticos son particulares de cada región, es decir, se diferencian entre ellos; sin embargo, se presentan arrecifes sumergidos que muestran cambios en su estructura comunitaria tanto en la región norte como central, lo cual podría ser atribuido a sus orígenes (coralinos, no coralinos). En la región centro, los arrecifes Negrillo y Resuella (arrecifes rocosos sedimentarios) tienden a separarse de los arrecifes coralinos emergentes; mientras que los arrecifes coralinos sumergidos Piedras Altas, Cabo Nuevo y Corazones se separan de los coralinos emergentes de la región norte. En el presente estudio se actualiza la información de los peces en el casgm y brinda las pautas para entender la conectividad, así como los cambios en los ensambles comunitarios dentro y entre las regiones y sistemas arrecifales que integran este corredor.

A Biota Neotropica é uma revista eletrônica e está integral e gratuitamente disponível no endereço http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br Biota Neotropica is an electronic, peer-reviewed journal edited by the Program BIOTA/FAPESP: The Virtual Institute of Biodiversity. This journal's aim is to disseminate the results of original research work, associated or not to the program, concerned with characterization, conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity within the Neotropical region. Biota Neotropica é uma revista do Programa BIOTA/FAPESP-O Instituto Virtual da Biodiversidade, que publica resultados de pesquisa original, vinculada ou não ao programa, que abordem a temática caracterização, conservação e uso sustentável da biodiversidade na região Neotropical. New records confirming the occurrence of the ghost shrimps Biffarius biformis (Biffar, 1970) and B. fragilis (Biffar, 1971) (Decapoda, Callianassidae) in Brazil and the southwestern Atlantic Botter-Carvalho, M.L. et al. New r...

Legge’s Hawk Eagle Spizaetus kelaarti is a rare breeding resident in the foothills of Sri Lanka. It is restricted to the hills of southwestern India and Sri Lanka, hence endemic to the Indian Subcontinent. This is the first reliable record of this bird from the Ritigala Forest Reserve of Sri Lanka.

The ongoing deforestation process across the globe is reducing the extent of suitable habitat for forest-specialist species. The
cross-habitat spillover hypothesis posits that in such a scenario, some species may be compelled to use supplementary resources from the adjacent anthropogenic matrix. Consequently, the compositional differentiation (beta diversity) between
forest remnants and the matrix should decrease (i.e. biotic homogenization) in more deforested landscapes. We tested this
prediction by assessing bird assemblages in a mountain region of Guerrero, Mexico. We surveyed birds in nine landscapes with
different forest cover. Within each landscape, we measured bird beta diversity (Dβ) between forest fragments and the
surrounding anthropogenic matrix and then assessed the relationship between Dβ and landscape forest cover. We separately
assessed the complete bird assemblage, and forest-specialist and habitat-generalist birds, because the cross-habitat spillover
hypothesis posits that the loss of Dβ in more deforested landscapes should be particularly evident when assessing forestdependent birds. The generalized linear models indicated that, as expected, Dβ decreased in landscapes with lower forest cover.
Such a decrease was significant when assessing the complete bird assemblage and forest-specialist birds, but not when assessing
habitat-generalist species. Our findings support the cross-habitat spillover hypothesis and indicate that forest loss contributes to
the homogenization of bird assemblages in human-modified landscapes. Such homogenization process could also be related to
an alternative but non-exclusive mechanism: the extirpation of rare, non-ubiquitous forest-specialist species in more deforested
landscapes. To conserve bird assemblages in human-modified landscapes, we should prevent forest loss and promote adequate
management strategies (e.g. leaving standing native trees, avoiding hunting, and removing feral predators) to prevent threats to
forest-specialist species when they use the matrix.

Since 2020, the south-western Caucasus has been recognized as a hotspot of stygobiotic Mollusca diversity after revealing a large number of new, range-restricted species within the spring snail family Hydrobiidae, subfamily Sadlerianinae sensu Szarowska. Meantime, based on extensive material collected in the south-western Caucasus during the last decades, we studied members of another spring snail subfamily Belgrandiellinae Radoman, 1983. Modern integrative taxonomic work revealed hitherto unknown diversity within this subfamily in the region and further proved the importance of the south-western Caucasus as a hotspot of stygobiotic life. In particular, the subterranean environment and springs of Georgia were known to be inhabited by the genus Tschernomorica Vinarski and Palatov, 2019 with four nominal species. Our research, based on a morpho-anatomical study and genetic investigation of COI/H3 mitochondrial/nuclear markers, revealed additionally seven species and three genera new t...

INTRODUCTION: Infection occurring within 30 days after the operation if no implant is left in place or within 1 year if an implant is in place is described as a surgical site infection. It clinically presents with delayed wound healing, pain, profuse discharge, and foul smell from the wound site. In Ayurveda, surgical-infected wounds can be correlated with Shastrakrita Dushta Vrana (surgical site-infected wound). Dhoopan Karma (~herbal fumigation) is one of the effective treatment modalities mentioned among Shashtiupakrama (60 procedures for wound management) for Dushta Vrana (~infected wound). Hence, the case study presents a surgical site-infected wound that has been managed with herbal fumigation along with Ayurvedic oral medications. PATIENT INFORMATION: An 18-year-old female presented with persistent pain, itching, foul smell, and profuse discharge from a post-surgical wound following a previous surgical intervention for a pilonidal sinus for 3 months. There was no history of fever or any signs of systemic infection. The wound measured approximately 5 cm × 3 cm × 2 cm in size and lacked proper granulation tissue. Based on clinical findings, it was diagnosed as a non-healing surgical site infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The patient was treated with herbal fumigation with Guggul (Commiphora wightii Arnott), Manjishta (Rubia cordifolia Linn), Rala (Shorea robusta Gaertner f), Nimba (Azadirachta indica A. Juss), and Goghrita (clarified cow butter), followed by sterile dressing once in the morning hours and other during the evening hours for 10 days along with oral administration of Triphala Guggul (500 mg) 2 tablets, Samshamani Vati (140 mg) 5 tablets, and Gandhak Rasayan Vati (330 mg) 2 tablets twice a day internally for 15 days. RESULTS: After ten days of herbal fumigation, sterile dressing, and Ayurvedic oral medications, the patient's symptoms, including pain, itching, purulent discharge, and foul odor from the natal cleft wound, had significantly reduced. On the follow-up, after 15 days, the wound had healed completely without any complications. CONCLUSION: Based on this case study, it can be concluded that the combination of herbal fumigation along with sterile dressing and oral Ayurvedic drugs can be used as an effective treatment modality for managing infected surgical site wounds. A comprehensive wound care protocol incorporating herbal fumigation (Vrana Dhoopan) and Ayurvedic oral interventions presents a potential treatment approach for infected wounds. The therapeutic efficacy of this integrative approach can be further validated through well-designed clinical trials.

Different adaptations throughout the life cycle enable caddisflies from the Limnephilidae family to colonize temporary waters: among these adaptations, the most studied is the development of egg masses that are deposited outside the water. During regular macroinvertebrate sampling in wetlands of the Llao Llao Municipal Park, near the city of Bariloche, it was identified that at least three species of Limnephilidae have the ability to colonize temporary wetlands: Verger vespersus, V. lutzi, and Austrocosmoecus hirsutus. To study the life cycle of these species, a sampling was carried out in 2022 to determine the relative abundances of each species and track the larval development throughout the hydroperiod, up to adult emergence. Additionally, during the dry phase of the wetlands (i.e., January to May), sampling was conducted to locate the egg masses and describe the microhabitats where they were deposited. Some of the egg masses were preserved for later laboratory analysis, where characteristics such as the number and diameter of the eggs were assessed. In the field, four developmental stages were identified, which were clearly differentiated based on the relationship between the head width and total length. The larval growth of V. vespersus and V. lutzi showed variability among the different wetlands. Adult emergence occurred in December, while egg mass deposition was observed between February and March. The egg masses were found in wet soils, beneath leaf litter, among herbaceous plants, or under decomposing logs. The egg masses of Verger are small with a high number of eggs (more than 100) and small size. In Austrocosmoecus hirsutus, the egg masses are larger, but with fewer eggs (fewer than 100), although the eggs are larger. The data obtained on the life biology of these species is novel, as there was no prior information available on any of the local species. This highlights the need to continue researching this group of insects, not only at the taxonomic level but also in terms of fundamental aspects of their biology and ecology.

Muricea muricata es un coral blando. Su coloración va desde marrón pálido amarillento a marrón claro; pólipos blancos de unos 3 mm. Hábitat y comportamiento. Habitan generalmente en aisladas alfombras bajo la zona batida por las olas en el área superficial de los arrecifes de coral. Muricea muricata (Pallas, 1766) ; Animalia (Kingdom) ; Cnidaria (Phylum) ; Anthozoa. La Anemona  Colonial Muriceopsis arborea,una especie Invasora, fue producto de una alteración genética inducida.

Muricea muricata es un coral blando. Su coloración va desde marrón pálido amarillento a marrón claro; pólipos blancos de unos 3 mm. Hábitat y comportamiento. Habitan generalmente en aisladas alfombras bajo la zona batida por las olas en el área superficial de los arrecifes de coral. Muricea muricata (Pallas, 1766) ; Animalia (Kingdom) ; Cnidaria (Phylum) ; Anthozoa. Muriceopsis arborea(Ventrillon Horbr, 1972) is a Colonial Anemone, modiffied in Laboratory as Invader Bentic Specie.

Los ofiuroideos son habitantes conspicuos de microhábitats expuestos y crípticos en arrecifes coralinos. Esta investigación pretendió conocer la composición de la comunidad de ofiuroideos encontrada en microhábitats ofrecidos por esponjas y por otros componentes arrecifales de diferente naturaleza (biótica v s. abiótica) y posición sobre el sustrato (elevada v s. no elevada) en los arrecifes de la zona M o n t a s t r a e a s p p . en el archipiélago de Islas de San Bernardo (Caribe colombiano). Evaluando la abundancia de org a n i s m o s en relación con la disponibilidad los diferentes microhábitats, se determinaron esquemas de ocupación exclusiva o preferencial de algún componente vertical particular, como insumo inicial de la existencia de relaciones ecológicas benéficas. Se realizaron muestreos en tres estaciones, en cada una se censaron tres transectos de 20 m de longitud recorridos durante el día y uno durante la noche, cuantificando visualmente la presencia y abundancia de ofiuroideos y la oferta (área o volumen) de todos los microhábitats. Se encontró un total de 11 tipos de microhábitats, siendo las estructuras de crecimiento vertical (entre ellas las esponjas y octocorales), los componentes más frecuentes en la totalidad del área de estudio. La comunidad ofiuroidea estuvo compuesta por 22 morfotipos. Solo Ophiopsila sp. 1 (de hábitos excavadores) se restringió a un solo tipo de sustrato en particular, en tanto que varias de las restantes se restringieron al uso de estructuras o espacios proporcionados por éstas, según condiciones particulares ofrecidas (elevación, naturaleza, cripticidad) y no según su identidad. La ocupación de superficies inferiores de componentes no elevados, estuvo determinada por la necesidad de ocupar espacios crípticos. Esta necesidad estuvo vinculada con especies fotosensibles, vulnerables a la depredación y a su inherente búsqueda de protección. Los componentes elevados y entre ellos 13 especies de esponjas fueron ocupados de manera característica por el complejo Ophiothrix angulata - O. orstedii y por O. suensonii . Se discuten los atributos de las esponjas (con diferentes morfologías) que proporcionan distintas ventajas para cada una de las especies ofiuroideas encontradas allí. Se sugiere la existencia de una probable relación ecológica no obligada entre estas especies de ofiuroideos y algunas de las esponjas más frecuentemente ocupadas, cuya existencia y naturaleza deben ser sometidas a comprobación experimental.

Cis olivieri Mellié, 1849 is redescribed based on specimens from the type series and additional material from the Northeast and Southeast Regions of Brazil. Cis lemoulti Pic, 1923 is proposed as a junior synonym of Cis olivieri, and lectotypes are designated for both names. This study represents the first report of Cis olivieri in Brazil. Images of male and female terminalia, along with a distribution map, are provided.

Music has long been recognized as a potent force capable of influencing human emotions and behavior, transcending cultural and linguistic barriers. This review synthesizes findings from several landmark studies to explore the multifaceted role of music as a therapeutic tool across various domains. The therapeutic potential of music is examined through its impact on autism, dementia, alexithymia, and mental health issues such as depression and anxiety. By analyzing the mechanisms underpinning these effects, this paper uncovers how music facilitates emotional expression, cognitive engagement, and social interaction. In addition, the review delves into the cultural and medical applications of music therapy, showcasing its versatility in both traditional and modern healthcare settings. Moreover, the review highlights how advancements in neuroscience and psychology have deepened our understanding of music's influence on the brain, body, and emotions, paving the way for personalized and interdisciplinary approaches. By bridging the gap between art and science, music reaffirms its timeless role as a transformative medium for healing and connection. This paper underscores the need for further research to refine its applications, ensuring music therapy's integration into holistic healthcare practices.

A study on the use of millet as a partial replacement of poultry feeds on the growth and development of broiler chickens was conducted at Fadil and Fareed poultry farms GombeNigeria. A total of twenty chickens were used for this research, ten were fed with starter/finisher with 0% millet for six weeks and the other ten were fed with starter/finisher mixed with 60% millet for six weeks, and at the end of each week their weight is been taken to monitor their growth and development . The result of this research revealed that the growth and development of all the chickens reared with both feeds (starter/finisher with 0% millet and starter/finisher mixed with 60% millet) was adequate although starter/finisher with 0% millet was found to be more effective in terms of faster growth and development of the chickens for a limited period of time compared to the starter/finisher mixed with 60% millet. The study recommend the continues use of starter for two weeks and finisher for the remaining ...

Feeding is fundamental for all heterotrophic organisms, providing the means to acquire energy for basic life processes. Recent studies have suggested that experimental ocean acidification (OA) can alter the feeding performance of marine calcifying invertebrates, but results have been inconsistent. While several reviews pertaining to the biological effects of OA exist, none provide a synthesis of OA effects on feeding performance. Here, we provide a quantitative analysis of published experiments testing for effects of elevated CO 2 on feeding rates of marine calcifying invertebrates. Results revealed that suspension-feeding molluscs and predatory and grazing echinoderms experienced depressed feeding rates under elevated CO 2 , while arthropods appeared unaffected; larval and juvenile animals were more susceptible to CO 2 effects than adults. Feeding strategy did not appear to influence the overall taxonomic trend, nor did habitat, although exposure time did have an effect. AIC model selection revealed that Phylum best predicted effect size; life stage and exposure time were also included in candidate models. Based on these results, we synthesize potential physiological attributes of different taxa that may drive OA sensitivities in feeding rates, which could potentially result in community-level impacts. We also discuss CO 2 effects on calcifier feeding in the context of elevated temperature and other global marine change stressors, and highlight other areas for future research.

Two new feather mite species of the genus Cernyella associated with the thick-knees Burhinidae are described: Cernyella howei sp. n. from the Doublestriped Thick-knee Burhinus bistriatus pediacus and C. thailandica sp. n. from the Great Thick-knee Esacus recurvirostris.

A synopsis of taxonomical and distributional data of the members of subfamily Gryllomorphinae of Greece is presented and new distribution areas are added. Habitus figures of the genera are provided. Maps illustrating the distribution of Ovaliptila on mainland Greece are given. Possible taxonomic implications within Gryllomorpha dalmatina are proposed.

The presence of Ophiothrix synoecina Schoppe in the Guajira area (Cabo de la Vela), and the contribution of new information about its distribution and density, allowed the reevaluation of the category proposed on the Marine Invertebrates Red List, because of its small and fragmentary area of nine localities through the Colombian Caribbean rocky-shore.