LAW OF SECURED CREDIT TRANSACTIONS

The Lagos State Land Use Charge is a consolidation of all property and land based rates and charges erstwhile payable under land rates, neighborhood improvement charge and tenement rates laws of Lagos State. The Land Use Charge as the name implies is a novel imposition on the owner of a property for the use and enjoyment of the property with the primary aim of improving the internally generated revenue of the State. This is especially instructive in the light of the steady population growth of the State and decline in the funds allocation from the federation account. However, notwithstanding its laudable objectives, the Land Use Charge Law has engendered controversies since its enactment especially as relates to its implementation and enforcement. Some of these contentions range from the capricious determination of the capital values of a property without recourse to any identifiable and tested scientific method, to arguments on the constitutionality of a State government to usurp the powers of a Local Council to impose and collect tenement rates. It is amidst these festering controversies that the Land Use Charge Amendment Law 2018 was enacted.

SOMMARIO: 1. Il contesto della proposta di direttiva e il problema dei crediti deteriorati nei bilanci bancari (NPL). -2. Ambito di applicazione. -3. Gestori e acquirenti di crediti. -4. Tempo e incertezza, variabili del valore del credito. L'escussione stragiudiziale accelerata delle garanzie (Accelerated Extrajudicial Collateral Enforcement -AECE). -5. Autonomia privata ed escussione delle garanzie. Polarizzazione della disciplina per status ed emersione di un'obbligazione « speciale ».

Bankuptcy-remote transactions are sophisticated, but no longer a rarity, and should stop being considered as an oddity, or ‘marginal’ case. Rather, they challenge some of bankruptcy law’s most basic assumptions, on a practical, rather than theoretical, level.
This article explores how bankruptcy-remote transactions are used as a waiver to bankruptcy proceedings. While academic debate has been discussing whether bankruptcy rules should be a matter of choice transaction parties have made that proposal a reality, by combining different mechanisms that effectively exclude the possibility that a vehicle enters bankruptcy proceedings . . . or so they try.
The article analyses such mechanisms in light of existing bankruptcy law, corporate law and private law, using a comparative perspective that considers the law of common law jurisdictions, such as the United States and United Kingdom, but also examples from civil law countries, like France, Spain, Italy or Germany. This analysis shows a mixed picture, with cases where ‘contract’ or ‘mandatory policy’ perspectives alternate, but also where it is sometimes difficult to apply the law s underlying assumptions to the peculiarities of bankruptcy-remote entities.
The conclusions are relevant if the techniques used in this specific type of transactions become more widespread in an effort to carve-out ever-larger pieces to statutory bankruptcy proceedings

The task of this paper is to examine the provisions of the Mortgage and Property Law 2010 of Lagos State and align it with the provisions of the National Housing Policy, nay Lagos State housing policy with a view at highlighting the congruence and incongruence of the law towards achieving the lofty goals espoused in the National Housing Policy document.

OPSOMMING Sekerheidstelling vir lenings aan beheerliggame van deeltitelskemas Dit is soms nodig dat die beheerliggaam van 'n deeltitelskema 'n lening moet aangaan om sekere instandhoudings-of verbeteringsprojekte te finansier. Gewoonlik kan grootskaalse-en langtermynfinansiering egter nie bekom word sonder die daarstel van saaklike seker-heid nie, wat beteken dat die beheerliggaam gedeeltes van sy eiendom met saaklike seker-heidsregte sal moet belas. Indien die Wet op Deeltitels asook die Wet op die Bestuur van Deeltitelskemas van nader beskou word, is dit duidelik dat die wetgewer voorsiening gemaak het vir die daarstel van saaklike sekerheid vir finansieringsdoeleindes, maar dat daar ook verskeie onsekerhede bestaan rondom die presiese vorme van saaklike sekerheid wat benut kan word. Die doel van hierdie bydrae is om die verskeie moontlikhede te ondersoek met verwysing na sowel die statutêre raamwerk as die gemeenregtelike begin-sels wat tans in die Suid-Afrikaanse reg beskikbaar is. 'n Problematiese fokuspunt is die benutting van onstoflike sake (meer spesifiek die uitstaande bydraes wat deur eienaars van die skema aan die beheerliggaam verskuldig is) as sekerheidsobjekte. Die tradisionele opsie is om dié persoonlike regte van die beheerliggaam te sedeer in securitatem debiti, en dit word algemeen aanvaar dat die Wet op Deeltitels dan ook hiervoor voorsiening maak. Die probleem is egter dat die Wet op die Bestuur van Deeltitelskemas 'n baie enger vorm van sekerheidstelling voorskryf, naamlik die kwansuise registrasie van 'n notariële ver-band oor sodanige onstoflike eiendom. In weerwil van wat laasgenoemde wetgewing vooropstel, word tot die slotsom gekom dat voldoende saaklike sekerheid oor uitstaande bydraes (as onstoflike eiendom) om verskeie redes nie tans deur middel van 'n notariële verband kan geskied nie, maar dat sessie in securitatem debiti steeds die primêre opsie is. Voorstelle word gemaak oor hoe die huidige statutêre raamwerk uitgelê kan word of verkieslik gewysig behoort te word om prakties en regtens meer werkbaar te wees.

This article analyses the South African legal framework governing security rights in movable property with a view to inspire law reform. The analysis is based on a comparison of the current South African framework with the UNCITRAL Legislative Guide on Secured Transactions, a soft-law instrument containing international best practice. The problematic aspects of the South African framework benchmarked against the UNCITRAL Guide are: (1) not having a common legal framework that applies equally to all types of (including quasi-) real security transactions; (2) the scope of the current framework not being comprehensive (inclusive) enough; (3) not having an efficient enough method of creating the security right; (4) the current publicity method, particularly concerning special notarial bonds, being overly cumbersome and not providing effective public notice to third parties; and (5) the current enforcement measures potentially not being the most efficient. Finally, regarding each of these problem areas, the article makes proposals on how the South African legislature could reform the current framework into one that is legally efficient and in step with international best practice.

This article analyses the key features of the new non-possessory pledge (pegno mobiliare non-possessorio) in Italian secured transactions law and concludes that a more comprehensive reform is needed. The article advances an alternative strategy for Italian law-reformers.

0 artigo aborda a fiança, garantia pessoal típica, sob duas perspectivas: primeiramente, contextualizando a fiança em meio às demais garantias do crédito, o que permite abordar diferentes classificações de garantias e sua organização no ordenamento brasileiro; em segundo lugar, a fiança é analisada sob perspectiva interna, a partir de três usos distintos da fiança típica: a fiança amical, a fiança interessada e a fiança profissional. Serão abordados, ainda, novas formas de garantia pessoal distintas da fiança típica, que necessitam ser recepcionadas pelo direito positivo, bem como os desafios relativos às diversas formas de garantia pessoais, e aos diversos usos aplicáveis à fiança.

How do you drive economic enterprise in a financial desert? Indian tribes, academics, economists, and policy makers have considered the means and methods for energizing economic growth for forty years. Efforts such as the creation and promotion of the Model Tribal Secured Transactions Act (“MTSTA”) promise much toward creating conditions that would gather financial opportunity to tribal regions that experience poverty at a strikingly higher rate than any other place in the United States. And yet, while the law has been available for more than ten years, tribes have been reticent to adopt it. This Article fills the vacuum in the literature around the promise of uniform laws in Indian Country by describing the inherent tension that exists between downscaling uniform laws into tribal contexts and the localism that seeks to preserve localized values. This Article argues that tribal choices to accept uniformity or reject uniformity in these areas are built around a combination of formal associations and organic relationships designed to create “institutional thickness” in the face of other scarce resources.