Peer to Peer

We collected mobility traces of 84,208 avatars spanning 22 regions over two months in Second Life, a popular networked virtual en- vironment. We analyzed the traces to characterize the dynamics of the avatars mobility and behavior, both temporally and spatially. We discuss the implications of the our findings to the design o f peer-to-peer networked virtual environments, interest management, mobility

The novelty of the peer-to-peer (P2P) paradigm relies on two main concepts: cooperation among users and resource sharing. There are many applications based on peer-to-peer paradigm, but the most popular one is the file sharing. We can classify the file sharing application into centralized systems, (having a central server), and decentralized systems. Another classification would be structured and unstructured systems,

Purpose – This article examines peer-to-peer sharing platform business models, their sources of competitive advantage, and the roles, motivations, and behaviors of key actors in their ecosystems.
Design/methodology/approach – This paper uses a conceptual approach that is rooted in the service, tourism and hospitality, and strategy literature.
Findings – First, this paper defines key types of platform business models in the sharing economy and describes their characteristics. In particular, we propose the differentiation between sharing platforms of capacity-constrained versus capacity-unconstrained assets and advance five core properties of the former. Second, we contrast platform business models with their pipeline business model counterparts to understand the fundamental differences between them. One important conclusion is that platforms cater to vastly more heterogeneous assets and consumer needs, and therefore, require liquidity and analytics for high quality matching. Third, we examine the competitive position of platforms and conclude that their widely taken “winner takes it all” assumption is not valid. Primary network effects are less important once a critical level of liquidity has been reached and may even turn negative if increased listings raise friction in the form of search costs. Once a critical level of liquidity has been reached, a platform’s competitive position depends on stakeholder trust and service provider and user loyalty. Fourth, we integrate and synthesize the literature on key platform stakeholders of platform businesses (i.e. users, service providers, and regulators) and their roles and motivations. Finally, directions for further research are advanced.
Practical implications – This article helps platform owners, service providers, and users understand better the implications of sharing platform business models and how to position themselves in such ecosystems.
Originality/value – This article integrates the extant literature on sharing platforms, takes a novel approach in delineating their key properties and dimensions, and provides insights into the evolving and dynamic forms of sharing platforms including converging business models.

With the rise of peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing applications there has been an increasing interest in understanding the popularity and use of P2P. In this study, we look at P2P use on the University of Southern California’s campus network throughout a 14-hour period. We quantify the volume of traffic from P2P activity as well as the number of campus hosts involved in P2P at USC. Since port-matching techniques often fail for P2P applications, we estimate traffic based on both port-based and connection-pattern based techniques. We do not have access to packet data and so these measures provide only bounds on P2P traffic. In addition, while we identify P2P sharing, we cannot comment the types of data being shared (either music or data, restricted or freely available). We find that 3–13% of active hosts on campus participate in P2P, and that this traffic accounts for 21–33% of the bytes transferred to and from our campus.

— many file sharing systems exists today. The abundance of content on the web is in itself a huge problem to comprehend. The existence and wide scale use of peer-to-peer file sharing systems, which let users share files, folders, directors to entire drives makes the problem of finding relevant information a daunting task. With the increasing number of file sharing systems, there are challenges in providing users with useful recommendations about interesting products and services, which suit their tastes and behaviors. In this paper we propose a simple, extensible Peer-to-Peer (P2P) based content recommendation architecture. Keywords—Peer-to-peer file sharing systems, content recommendation systems, DC++, NS2, TCL, log mining I.

to design a community healthcare information network for all 450,000 citizen in the State of Geneva, Switzerland, connecting public and private healthcare professionals. Requirements include the decentralized storage of information at the source of its production, the creation of a virtual patient record at the time of the consultation, the control by the patient of the access rights to the information, and the interoperability with other similar networks at the national and european level. a participative approach and real-world pilot projects are used to design, test and validate key components of the network, including its technical architecture and the strategy for the management of access rights by the patients. a distributed architecture using peer-to-peer communication of information mediators can implement the various requirements while limiting to an absolute minimum the amount of centralized information. Access control can be managed by the patient with the help of a medic...

In recent times, coupled with the emergence of the new cloud paradigm, a number of security related issues have emerged. Therefore, trust and reputation management has become unavoidable challenge in this new cloud computing paradigm. Cloud computing represents a shared and statistical service model that allows software, platform and infrastructure to be shared as service, with high degree of openness and autonomy. Consequently these high degree of openness and autonomy impose the need for surveillance of the services, and profer nearly an ideal condition for a spread of unauthentic files. Although peer- to-peer (P2P) models and their applications are popular depending on their domain of applicability, protecting peer's security remain a challenge. As a result, this research paper presents a novel Peer-to-Peer reputation- based trust management model in a cloud provisioning environment. To validate the proposed model, a simulation environment with different peers and service pro...

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have many potential applications [1, 5] and unique challenges. They usually consist of hundreds or thousands small sensor nodes such as MICA2, which operate autonomously; conditions such as cost, invisible deployment and many application domains, lead to small size and limited resources sensors [2]. WSNs are susceptible to many types of physical attacks [1] and most of traditional networks security techniques are unusable on WSNs[2]; due to wireless and shared nature of communication channel, untrusted transmissions, deployment in open environments, unattended nature and limited resources [1]. So, security is a vital requirement for these networks; but we have to design a proper security mechanism that attends to WSN's constraints and requirements. In this paper, we focus on security of WSNs, divide it (the WSNs security) into four categories and will consider them, include: an overview of WSNs, security in WSNs, the threat model on WSNs, a wide v...

In this work, we address the problem of locally estimating the size of a Peerto-Peer (P2P) network using local information. We present a novel approach for estimating the size of a peer-to-peer (P2P) network, fitting the sum of new neighbors discovered at each iteration of a breadth-first search (BFS) with a logarithmic function, and then using Lambert’s W function to solve a root of a ln(n)+b−n = 0, where n is the network size. With rather little computation, we reach an estimation error of at most 10 percent, only allowing the BFS to iterate to the third level.

Internet was designed for network services without any intention for secure communication. Exponential growth of internet and its users have developed an era of global competition and rivalry. Denial of service attack by multiple nodes is capable of disturbing the services of rival servers. The attack can be for multiple reasons e. g. extortion or to beat the rivals. Peer

This paper presents a framework for multimodal human-robot interaction. The proposed framework is being implemented in a personal robot called Maggie, developed at RoboticsLab of the University Carlos III of Madrid for social interaction research. The control architecture of this personal robot is a hybrid control architecture called AD (automatic-deliberative) that incorporates an emotion control system (ECS). Maggie's main goal is to interact establish a peer-to-peer relationship with humans. To achieve this goal, a set of human-robot interaction skills are developed based on the proposed framework. The human-robot interaction skills imply tactile, visual, remote voice and sound modes. The multi-modal fusion and synchronization are also presented in this paper

The paper describes a novel social network-based open educational resource for learning foreign languages in real time from native speakers, based on the predefined teaching materials. This virtual learning platform, named i2istudy, eliminates misunderstanding by providing prepared and predefined scenarios, enabling the participants to understand each other and, as a consequence, to communicate freely. The system allows communication through the real time video and audio feed. In addition to establishing the communication, it tracks the student progress and allows rating the instructor, based on the learner's experience. The system went live in April 2014, and had over six thousand active daily users, with over 40,000 total registered users. Currently monetization is being added to the system, and time will show how popular the system will become in the future.

The interrelatedness between computer systems, networks, code, and traditional law and legal frameworks continues to pose a number of important and vexed questions. This report will consider one area of the relationship: legal recognition of distributed ledger technology (DLT) or blockchain applications. Specifically, registers appended to blockchains (thereby creating “blockchain registries”), and “smart contracts” executed on blockchains

... 5: Scalable Video Coding (in integrated form with ITU-T Rec. H.264 | ISO/IEC 14996-10). JointVideo Team (JVT), Doc. JVT-R201, Jan. 2006. 4. Luby, M., Stockhammer, T., Watson, M., Gasiba, T., and Xu, W. Raptor Codes for Reliable Download Delivery in Wireless Broadcast ...

The peer-to-peer (P2P) Internet online hybrid test system has been developed for the seismic simulation of a structure. In this study, the stability and accuracy of the system are investigated analytically by studying the spectral radius of the recursive matrix of the test scheme featuring a two-round quasi-Newton test scheme. The applicability of the system is further examined by exploring the seismic responses of a complex structure, a steel-encased reinforced concrete (SRC) structure with a steel tower on the top. The structure is divided into two numerical substructures and one tested part for hybrid test. The numerical substructures are simulated by sophisticated finite element method (FEM) models with material nonlinearities to capture local plastifications. Two types of FEM programs, namely OpenSEES and ABAQUS, which are suitable for the SRC part and the steel tower, respectively, are employed. The results demonstrate that the P2P system is able to simulate complex structures with significant nonlinearities. As compared with the previous study in which two elastic numerical substructures were considered, increase in the number of iterations in this study is not significant, because the associated nonlinearities are limited due to the small time interval adopted in the test. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Expressing and recognizing emotional behavior of human play an important role in communication systems. Facial expression analysis is the most expressive way to display human emotion. Three types of facial emotion are recognized and classified: happy, sad, anger. Depending on the emotion, the music player will play the song accordingly which eliminates the time-consuming and tedious task of manually segregating or grouping songs into different lists and help in generating an appropriate playlist based on individual's emotional features. This paper implements an efficient extraction of facial points using Beizer Curves which is more suitable for use in mobile devices. To enhance the audibility level of audio and memory shortage group play concept is also introduced. More than one android mobiles communicate with each other through Peer to Peer connection using Wi-Fi direct. Along with music player editing features like audio trimming and precise voice recording. Later the customized audio file can be set as alarm, ringtone, notification tones. Since all the emotional recognition is done for the real time images, it outperforms well than the any other existing face recognition algorithms or music play applications.