RFID

Growing convergence among mobile computing devices and embedded technology sparks the development and deployment of "context-aware" applications, where location is the most essential context. In this paper we present LANDMARC, a location sensing prototype system that uses Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology for locating objects inside buildings. The major advantage of LANDMARC is that it improves the overall accuracy of locating objects by utilizing the concept of reference tags. Based on experimental analysis, we demonstrate that active RFID is a viable and cost-effective candidate for indoor location sensing. Although RFID is not designed for indoor location sensing, we point out three major features that should be added to make RFID technologies competitive in this new and growing market.

In this paper we present a work-in-progress interactive exhibit for the museum of Onna, a little town near to L'Aquila (Italy), almost completely destroyed by the earthquake of April 2009. The installation will be developed as an environment in which visitors of the museum can interact with a natural interaction system and then discover the history of the disaster via rich multimedia contents. Visitors are detected through the adoption of an RFID-based technology, which allows to store their interaction history and build an interest profile used to enrich the experience. Different scenarios have been implemented and tested in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed solution.

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) has the potential to revolutionize the retail industry, yet the linking of this automatic identification (auto-ID) technology to consumer goods has resulted in widespread concern over the potential privacy threats, primarily due to the aspect of traceability it could impose on consumers. As a consequence, privacy has come to be perceived as a barrier stopping RFID adoption in retail in its tracks. When investigating other complex information and communication technologies (ICT), it becomes apparent that consumers often sacrifice privacy in order to take advantage of some form of value afforded by the technology. This interplay between value and privacy is seen as a balance which must be favorable to the consumer to encourage acceptance. This study is focused on exploring this balance, with the addition of control as another important factor. The paper presents a review of literature, commencing with RFID technology itself and subsequently the value proposition that RFID offers retailers and consumers. It will investigate the privacy debate, looking at commonly expressed privacy concerns and the meaning of privacy. This will provide a basis for discussion of potential solutions that have been proposed.

The RFID technology is becoming ever more popular in the development of ubiquitous computing applications. A full exploitation of the RFID potential requires the study and implementation of human–computer interaction (HCI) modalities to be able to support wide usability by the target audience. This implies the need for programming methodologies specifically dedicated to support the easy and efficient prototyping of applications to have feedback from early tests with users. On the basis of our field-working experience, we ...

Near  Field  Communication  (NFC)  is  a  special  category  or  a  case  of  RFID  (RadioFrequency Identification) Technology.  The modern age NFC was introduced in 2004 andsince 2014 after 10 years of invention it has picked popularity mainly because of cheaphardware, extensive use of smart phones and boom in Internet of Things technology.  Ihave explained in this report about NFC and the implementation that I have done andat last some future work that can be done to extend the use of my application.

(PDF) Near Field Communication. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/277131825_Near_Field_Communication [accessed Dec 12 2021].

Intelligent vehicles are replacing conventional vehicles because these offer many advantages. For such vehicles to work successfully, self position of vehicle is of utmost priority. Localization of intelligent vehicles covers lot many methods. The methods are progressively improving for accurate localization. Wireless signals, markers based localization and RFID tag based localization are some of many methods used for localization. In this paper, GPS is used to localize an intelligent vehicle and vision based methods are used in accurate and efficient localization of intelligent vehicles

Motivated by the design of the well-known Enigma machine, we present a novel ultra-lightweight encryption scheme, referred to as Hummingbird, and its applications to a privacy-preserving identification and mutual authentication protocol for RFID applications. Hummingbird can provide the designed security with a small block size and is therefore expected to meet the stringent response time and power consumption requirements described in the ISO protocol without any modification of the current standard. We show that Hummingbird is resistant to the most common attacks such as linear and differential cryptanalysis. Furthermore, we investigate some properties for integrating the Hummingbird into a privacypreserving identification and mutual authentication protocol.

Abstract. This article discusses a potential application of radio frequency identification (RFID) and collaborative filtering for targeted advertising in grocery stores. Every day hundreds of items in grocery stores are marked down for promotional purposes. Whether these promotions are effective or not depends primarily on whether the customers are aware of them or not, and secondarily whether the customers are interested in the products or not. Currently, the companies are incapable of influencing the customers ’ decisionmaking process while they are shopping. However, the capabilities of RFID technology enable us to transfer the recommendation systems of e-commerce to grocery stores. In our model, using RFID technology, we get real time information about the products placed in the cart during the shopping process. Based on that information we inform the customer about those promotions in which the customer is likely to be interested in. The selection of the product advertised is a...

Medical technology verges on incorporating directly into our anatomy processors with the computational power of the famous Watson IBM computer and Internet-like communications. As the size of computers spiral downward, their wholesale use (as well as RFIDtype technology) will extend lifetimes, enhance our intellect, and assist in controlling technology outside the body via digital I/O and thought. This includes the eventual merging of synthetic DNA and artificial intelligence that together will bring new diagnostics, medical treatment and smart nano-prosthetics well within the horizon of the next generation. A prosthetic genome hastens the day when enhanced life forms, such as human organs, can be made entirely from a fusion of living organisms and non-living materials. Widespread diffusion of this technology into populations risk creating a world of "haves" that can afford and "have nots," that cannot afford enhanced intellect and longevity. Without changes to current U.S. patent law, commercial interests might jeopardize our well-being through patent monopolies, market forces might squeeze out efficiencies at the expense of performance and reliability, and wrongdoers might dare to unleash digital viruses into a world filled with anatomically installed biomedical devices receptive to Internetstyle communications. Overtime artificially altered and controlled metabolisms may begin to alter the progression of natural biological evolution and force an examination about what the notion of "human" means in the age of human cyborgs.

The changing global market scenario, high level of competition, and faster obsolescence of perishable products due to short self life and changing customer demand are among the key challenges faced by perishable supply chains. Supply chains need to compete with growing variety of products, short delivery time, higher cycle service level, high quality and lower cost. Perishability imposes an intense pressure on managers as it adds an additional cost of disposal of outdated items, leading to out-of-stock situations and also loss of company faith. These problems are arising mostly due to the lack of information at every stage of the supply chains. The inadequate information about product quality, quantity, demand variability, product availability and lead times creates the bullwhip effect (BWE) at all stages and chains leads to the mismanagement. RFID technologies, with the appropriate IT infrastructure, would help major distributors and manufacturers, as well as health-care system, defence industries, and global supply chains in which products and product shipments must be traced and identified in a non-contact, wireless fashion using a computer network. This paper presents the impact of RFID in warehouse management of perishable products. It provides mathematical framework to asses the benefits of RFID in warehouse management. It helps management in the variety of ways including improvement in receiving and shipping processes, reduction in cycle counting efforts, reduction in stock outs/excess inventory, decreased counterfeiting, decreased returns, and reduction in inventory loss due to shrinkage and obsolescence. A sensitivity analysis has been presented at the end of paper which shows the compound effect of RFID, reduction in lead time and lead time variability. In all scenarios inventory level is reduced by certain percentage by incorporating RFID.

Modern library must keep pace with the continuosly changing technological environment which often requires rethinking and reorganizing entire library facilities as a prerequisite condition for upgrading or changing traditional patterns of providing user service. The implementation and utilization of Automated Material Handling Systems (AMHS) facilities significantly increases the efficiency of library collection storing and handling while enhancing archives productivity and performance. This paper provides a presentation of the structure and operation of the AMH System along with a case study at the University Library and City Archives of Bergen, Norway.

The appearance of new technologies allows new data processing techniques. Thus, many new data processing techniques make difficult to user to find pertinent information in suitable time, unless knowing what accurately is in search of, where and how getting it. This paper proposes a pervasive network based information filtering system that integrates user profile such as identity, preference and other important data. User profile is embarked in a RFID-SIM card in order to guarantee its privacy, flexibility, mobility and confidentiality. The overall system objectives are privacy, security and providing pertinent information to the user according to his profile at anytime, anywhere, and in any form. The design and implementation of the system is also presented.

RFID technology is one of the forerunners of pervasive computing, and as such is expected to play an important role in many applications of daily life in the near future, especially in the form of Smart Labels. Based on market investigations and a material analysis of a Smart Label we showed that the use of Smart Labels does not considerably affect the recycling or disposal of packaging materials, if precautionary measures are taken, such as eco-design and, where necessary, process modifications.

This paper analyzes and proposes Expowave, a distributed algorithm for the scheduling of an RFID reader network. The behavior of the algorithm is presented in detail, and its performance is evaluated through a set of simulation experiments. It is demonstrated that the algorithm constitutes an efficient approach to the reader anti-collision problem, especially in dense and lively environments.

The Internet is smoothly migrating from an Internet of people towards an Internet of Things (IoT). By 2020, it is expected to have 50 billion things connected to the Internet. However, such a migration induces a strong level of complexity when handling interoperability between the heterogeneous Internet things, e.g., RFIDs (Radio Frequency Identification), mobile handheld devices, and wireless sensors. In this context, a couple of standards have been already set, e.g., IPv6, 6LoWPAN (IPv6 over Low power Wireless Personal Area Networks), and M2M (Machine to Machine communications). In this paper, we focus on the integration of wireless sensor networks into IoT, and shed further light on the subtleties of such integration. We present a real-world test bed deployment where wireless sensors are used to control electrical appliances in a smart building. Encountered problems are highlighted and suitable solutions are presented.

The Precautionary Principle aims at anticipating and minimizing potentially serious or irreversible risks under conditions of uncertainty. Although it has been incorporated into many international treaties and pieces of national legislation for environmental protection and sustainable development, the Precautionary Principle has rarely been applied to novel Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and their potential environmental impacts. In this article we analyze the implications of the disposal and recycling of packaging materials containing so-called smart labels and discuss the results from the perspective of the Precautionary Principle. We argue that a broad application of smart labels bears some risk of dissipating both toxic and valuable substances, and of disrupting established recycling processes. However, these risks can be avoided by precautionary measures, mainly concerning the composition and the use of smart labels. These measures should be implemented as early as possible in order to avoid irreversible developments which are undesirable from the viewpoint of resource management and environmental protection.

Nowadays, RFID applications have attracted a great deal of interest due to their increasing adoptions in supply chain management, logistics and security. They have posed many new challenges to existing underlying database technologies, such as the requirements of supporting big volume data, preserving data transition path and handling new types of queries. In this paper, we propose an efficient method to manage RFID data. We explore and take advantage of the containment relationships in the relational tables in order to support special queries in the RFID applications. The experimental evaluation conducted on an existing RDBMS demonstrates the efficiency of our method.

Please cite this article in press as: Ali, M.F.M., et al., Development of Java based RFID application programmable interface for heterogeneous RFID system. a b s t r a c t Developing RFID based applications is a painstakingly difficult endeavor. The difficulties include nonstandard software and hardware peripherals from vendors, interoperability problems between different operating systems as well as lack of expertise in terms of low-level programming for RFID (i.e. steep learning curve). In order to address these difficulties, a reusable RFIDTM API (RFID Tracking & Monitoring Application Programmable Interface) for heterogeneous RFID system has been designed and implemented. The API has been successfully employed in a number of application prototypes including tracking of inventories as well as human/object tracking and tagging. Here, the module has been tested on a number of different types and configuration of active and passive readers including that LF and UHF Readers.

Cilj: Poizvedeti za najbolj primerno označbo za vodenje inventarja - prenosni računalnik.
Namen: Analiza in ocena najprimernejše označbe za vodenje evidence inventarja. Pregledati ponudbo trga in ugotoviti, kje so prednosti in napake označb ki so na trgu. Ugotoviti kakšna so tveganja napak in prednosti ter upravičiti izbiro najbolj primernega.

Consider this: nearly 12.4 million people in Shenzhen, China will have residency cards fitted with computer chips containing their name, address, work history, educational background, religion, ethnicity, police record, medical insurance status, and reproductive history. I. INTRODUCTION 1 The Chinese government also has ordered all large cities to issue such high-tech residency cards to approximately 150 million people who now live in a city but have not yet acquired permanent residency. 2 What are these computer chips? They are radio frequency identification ("RFID") chips, an automated data-capture technology system that can be used to identify, track and store information. 3 These tiny computer chips use electromagnetic energy in the form of radio waves to communicate information. 4 The technology provides identification and tracking capabilities by using wireless communication to transmit data.

We present for the first time, a fully integrated battery powered RFID integrated circuit (IC) for operation at ultrahigh frequency (UHF) and microwave bands. The battery powered RFID IC can also work as a passive RFID tag without a battery or when the battery has died (i.e., voltage has dropped below 1.3 V); this novel dual passive and battery operation allays one of the major drawbacks of currently available active tags, namely that the tag cannot be used once the battery has died. When powered by a battery, the current consumption is 700 nA at 1.5 V (400 nA if internal signals are not brought out on testpads). This ultra-low-power consumption permits the use of a very small capacity battery of 100 mA hr for lifetimes exceeding ten years; as a result a battery tag that is very close to a passive tag both in form factor and cost is made possible. The chip is built on a 1m digital CMOS process with dual poly layers, EEPROM and Schottky diodes. The RF threshold power at 2.45 GHz is -19 dBm which is the lowest ever reported threshold power for RFID tags and has a range exceeding 3.5 m under FCC unlicensed operation at the 2.4-GHz microwave band. The low threshold is achieved with architectural choices and low-power circuit design techniques. At 915 MHz, based on the experimentally measured tag impedance (92-j837) and the threshold spec of the tag (200 mV), the theoretical minimum range is 24 m. The tag initially is in a "low-power" mode to conserve power and when issued the appropriate command, it operates in "full-power" mode. The chip has on-chip voltage regulators, clock and data recovery circuits, EEPROM and a digital state machine that implements the ISO 18000-4 B protocol in the "full-power" mode. We provide detailed explanation of the clock recovery circuits and the implementation of the binary sort algorithm, which includes a pseudorandom number generator. Other than the antenna board and a battery, no external components are used.

RFID enables Wal-Mart to improve the efficiency of its global supply chain management through greater supply chain visibility and more accurate ordering decisions. Just in Time (JIT) ordering enables Wal-Mart to decrease the costs associated with inefficient inventory decisions and handling. Ordering and sales are more closely aligned, decreasing the intensity of Bullwhip effects. Problems associated with RFID, however, include the monetary costs and the ethical questions that are brought up about the technology. Suppliers may be reluctant to spend upwards of $200,000 on necessary software and consumer advocacy groups worry that RFID data could potentially be put to unethical uses. International suppliers may find it even more difficult to justify RFID implementation expenses and global consumers may be even more reluctant to risk privacy violations. A potential solution is for Wal-Mart to share costs with suppliers and work in conjunction with consumer groups globally to ensure proper data security.

ISO 14443 compliant smartcards are widely-used in privacy and security sensitive applications. Due to the contactless interface, they can be activated and read out from a distance. Thus, relay and other attacks are feasible, even without the owner noticing it. Tools being able to perform these attacks and carry out security analyses need to be developed. In this contribution, an implementation of a cost-effective, freely programmable ISO 14443 compliant multi function RFID reader and fake transponder is presented that can be employed for several promising purposes.

Internet, a revolutionary invention, is always transforming into some new kind of hardware and software making it unavoidable for anyone. The form of communication that we see now is either human-human or human-device, but the Internet of Things (IoT) promises a great future for the internet where the type of commu-nication is machine-machine (M2M). This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the IoT scenario and reviews its en-abling technologies and the sensor networks. Also, it describes a six-layered architecture of IoT and points out the related key chal-lenges. Keywords:

One of the major issues for highly crowded metropolitan cities is road traffic congestion. Road traffic congestion causes traffic jams, which affects major services like ambulance service. As a solution, this paper has come up with " Intelligent automatic traffic signal control for ambulance ". To implement the intelligent traffic signal control system, it makes use of RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology. The proposed system uses an android app that connects with an ambulance as well as the traffic signal station using cloud. The idea behind the proposed system is, whenever an ambulance halts on its way to the hospital due to traffic congestion, the RFID reader installed at the traffic signal reads the RFID tagged ambulance and sends its data to the microcontroller. At the microcontroller, the app command is verified and the particular signal is changed to green until the ambulance passes by. It then regains its normal flow. It acts as a lifesaver project as it saves the time in emergency period to control the traffic lights.

a b s t r a c t ISO/IEC 18000-3 mode 1 standard 13.56 MHz RFID tags have been accepted by the International Society for Blood Transfusion (ISBT) and the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as data carriers to integrate with and augment ISBT 128 barcode data carried on blood products. The use of 13.56 MHz RFID carrying ISBT 128 data structures allows the global deployment and use of RFID, supporting both international transfer of blood and international disaster relief.

Technological innovation in Automotive Electronics has led to the development of Engine Immobilisers. The present day Engine Immobiliser based on Radio Frequency Identification Device (RFID) are growing unsafe as professional hackers have been able to break into them. In 2005, a group of students in the Johns Hopkins University, USA hacked an RFID Engine Immobiliser and stole the vehicle in under twenty minutes. It is disturbing that almost a decade later the field of Engine Immobilisers has seen very little advancement. As a result the number of vehicle theft cases has risen exponentially in the past decade globally. The need of the hour is to design a system which enhances the security of the vehicle removing the drawbacks of the existing RFID system. We propose a system which replaces the prevalent technology with a Face Recognition System. Additionally, the system gives the owner remote access to the vehicle's ignition system further reducing chances of vehicle theft. Measures are also taken to enhance passenger safety. Ease of operation is supplemented through a Keyless Entry module.

Forced by operational inefficiencies in its own business model, CHEP, the market leader in the rental pallet business, became an early adopter of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology. Having proven the effectiveness of the technology for internal operations with a pilot test, CHEP now had to find clients who want to adopt the technology-enabled services in order to pay for a large scale roll out. The case traces CHEP's challenges associated with the development and deployment RFID in its own operation and raises questions of how to proceed with potential IT-enabled change at the enterprise and supply chain level, without spoiling relationships with current clients and maintaining its core business. PART B: In fall 2007, Brian Beattie and Puneet Sawhney looked back at CHEP's RFID initiative and the progress that has been made since the 2003 decision to further incorporate the technology into its assets. While the original intent of tagging all pallets did not materialize, considerable progress had been made into quantifying the benefits of RFID adoption. Industry-wide developments had changed the scope of the RFID initiative from simply tagging the asset pool to creating value added service for CHEP's clients. Overall, RFID had yet to revolutionize the supply chain, but the evolution of technology and the innovation of RFID related products and services had aided CHEP in maintaining its market leadership in the pallet business and enabled CHEP to created new lines of business.

This paper reveals about the design and development of smart card for automated toll collection through number plate recognition. Since it is simpler and faster than the traditional token based ticket system, it has all the potential to replace the existing system. Moreover, it saves users valuable time by reducing the queue length in front of the toll counter. It is used to pay the amount automatically and open & close the toll gate automatically. We aim to reduce the time consumed to pay the toll gate amount and also to help the police department to trace the vehicle, incase if it was stolen or used for any illegal activities. As well as we are going to increase the security features in the toll gate because now a day's toll gate are the entrance to the main cities. If the Vehicle passed before paying the money the buzzer will automatically ring & the alert will be given to the police also. If any vehicle carries suspicious gas means the buzzer will ring so improved security than the existing systems. The entire system is developed as hardware based system using SPARTAN3 FPGA kit and associated devices. The software for this system has been developed using VHDL language developed in the Xilinx tool.

The increasing pace in the wireless communication taking momentum in the market of commercial application where a significant trade-off between user-experience and security demands exists. The Near Field Communication or NFC is one such communication trend which is effectively adopted by the user worldwide to make touchless operation using their mobile device. Although, it is claimed that NFC incorporates some of the standard encryption but existing researchers fails to prove that their electromagnetic signals are snot so difficult to compromise to result in collateral damage to user's resources. Thus, there exist research work towards strengthing security system, but there is yet to report on any standard security protocol or framework to ensure the highest resiliency. This paper provides a comprehensive visualization towards the effectiveness of existing research approaches to formulate the research trend and gap.

In the living world, the technology is advancing day-by-day in different areas like Internet of Things, machine learning, artificial intelligence, automation and so on. The main focus of this paper is to improve the process of shopping for customers and saving their time because people spend more time in the supermarket due to the traditional billing process. For example, customers purchase several items in the supermarket. While purchasing they might face some problems like a long queue in a billing section and overshooting the budget. Sometimes people also find it difficult to locate an item easily and this takes time. To overcome this scenario, we proposed an IoT based Smart Shopping Cart. It consists of three NodeMCU boards, RFID module, Motor driver, Chassis, a centralized Database and an Android app “EaseShop”. The customers can add products into the cart using the app. During shopping, the customer can scan the required products using RFID and the details will be displayed on the LCD and will be updated in the centralized database. The payment can be done through the app. The customer can control the movement of the Trolley using the App.

Automatic Vehicle Identification (AVI) is an ongoing application that is becoming a necessity in almost in university campuses, schools, hospitals, etc. Its great advantage in university campuses lies in decreasing the wasted time and increasing the security throughout allowing only the authorized users to get access. The Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Technology can be used in AVI to collect the vehicle information in real-time at the parking lots through receiving the vehicles ID from RFID readers. This paper proposes a design and implementation of a dedicated RFID based Vehicle Authentication System for Al-Nahrain University Campus (VASNUC) in Baghdad. The website was programmed to be used for displaying and registering the account of the user, sending and receiving emails, advertising and providing reports for the tracking process. The VASNUC is composed of installing of RFID readers in parking lots around the campus for gathering data and monitoring all entering and departing vehicles to organize the parking lots. The most prominent aspect of this system is the classification of user types according to a predefined hierarchy, where it will separate and grant the vehicle parking slot according to the status of the client.

In this paper, we describe a UHF radio-frequencyidentification tag test and measurement system based on National Instruments LabVIEW-controlled PXI RF hardware. The system operates in 800-1000-MHz frequency band with a variable output power up to 30 dBm and is capable of testing tags using Gen2 and other protocols. We explain testing methods and metrics, describe in detail the construction of our system, show its operation with real tag measurement examples, and draw general conclusions.

Recently, radio frequency identification (RFID) systems have gained popularity in manufacturing units, inventory, and logistics, as they represent an inexpensive and reliable solution for automatic identification. Moreover, RFID transponders are expected to become a key element in the ubiquitous computing scenario. Tags will likely be used to collect sensors data, enabling noninvasive environment monitoring. Low-cost passive UHF transponders are expected to play a major role in this context, due to extended read range capabilities. Within a passive tag, power harvested from the field irradiated by the reader during the communication should operate both digital control circuitry and potential sensing devices. Exploiting ultra-low power tag circuitry would provide sensing sections with higher energy, thus improving measurement performance. In this paper, the design of a novel circuit is presented, which implements the baseband processor of a UHF-RFID tag in compliance with the ISO 18000-6B protocol. Regardless of protocol selection issues, several power saving strategies are devised, both at the system and circuit levels, suitable for passive transponder implementation. Near-threshold operation has been exploited to attain ultra-low power consumption while keeping fair performance. A set of standard cells has been designed, suitable for the power-limited specific application. The proposed solution has been successfully checked by means of a physical implementation on CMOS 0.18 mum technology. Test chips have been characterized in terms of voltage and frequency operating range and power consumption figure has been extensively analyzed. Measurement results fully support the selected design approach: the baseband processor dissipates only 440 nW average power when operated at 800 kHz and 0.6 V. This extremely-low power consumption enables high-performance ubiquitous computing.

This paper deals with the manufacturing of a Prototype of Rotary Car Parking System using Sensors. Lack of space availability has always been a problem in urban areas and major cities and to add to it there are cars parked callously on the streets that further limit the space. In order to handle the issue of parking in busy places various types of vehicle parking systems are used worldwide Rotary Automated Car Parking System and many more. This thesis work is aimed to develop a scale down working model of a car parking system which will reduce the excess use of land space. This total prototype is powered by unipolar stepper motor. This model also uses a RFID Tag and Reader. When the car comes on the ramp the switch will be activated and the pallet comes to carry the vehicle. When the switch will be operated by the operator, sprockets starts to rotate and the new space will be adjusted for new vehicle. Planners, developers, architects are finding out solutions to tackle this problem ...

The Internet of Things (IoT) remains that things will be able to detect information from the environment, and communicate with the physical world. We previously proposed middleware to integrate and interoperate information based on the DDS standard. The proposed middleware consists of REST, Zigbee, and RFID adaptors. It allows the adaptors to share information by data/events/services topic matching. In this paper, we propose an RFID adaptor for RFID tags' data/events in the IoT as a part of the middleware. The adaptor publishes data/events topic among data/events/services considering the characteristics of RFID technology. Employing the publish-subscribe model of the DDS, the RFID adaptor can detect data from RFID tags and publish the data/events to the DDS. Other adaptors in the middleware can then subscribe the data/events. As a simulation of the RFID adaptor, we can identify the interoperation of RFID and DDS. Through applying the RFID adaptor in IoT environment, it can interoperate data/events of other applications in IoT.

This paper explores the concept of malware for Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) systems -including RFID exploits, RFID worms, and RFID viruses. We present RFID malware design principles together with concrete examples; the highlight is a fully illustrated example of a self-replicating RFID virus. The various RFID malware approaches are then analyzed for their effectiveness across a range of target platforms. This paper concludes by warning RFID middleware developers to build appropriate checks into their RFID middleware before it achieves wide-scale deployment in the real world.

To purchase essential commodities, people living in urban areas and in Metropoliton cities are looking out for marts which are having high quality brand items. The time spent by the people waiting for their turn to get the bill and pay the money is more than the actual time they spent in selecting the goods. In this paper an approach is tried to reduce the waiting time at bill counter using the RFID technology. (Online) 85 | P a g e the bill counters. And then they can exit after security check.

This paper presents a small trolley system which provide fast purchase and great convenience to customers. The main objective s are to eliminate human labor to push trolley and to reduce the time of the queue in supermarket. Sensor technology, rfid, image processing is used in several areas. In this paper sensor technology is used to guidance the trolley system. This system can automatically follows the customer from rack to rack for collecting items and it maintains a safe distance between customer and itself. There is also a QR scanner facility to read the QR code of the product which the customer is taking and shows the pri ce details and other details of the system. This design will reduce the efforts and time consumption of the user.

9 786055 201210 RFI D Bile şen leri , Atm el Stu dio 6 Des tek li Gel işti rme Ara çlar ı, Atm el Aile si Dat ash eet s, Gel işti rici Pla tfor m Yaz ılım ları , Ger ekl i Pro gra mla r, Ele ktro nik Dev re Şem alar ı, Gör sel Eği tim Vid eol arı, PPT Slay tlar ı

Support of voice services, whether via direct customer care agent, IVR, or deposit of voicemail, is done in real time. Real-time data support might be via Web access frequently asked questions, an avatar, or an online customer care agent using instant messaging. These require real-time interactive responses but low data volumes. The help desk function might also include nonreal time (IVR and data) support for both MFI personnel and MFI customers. Nonreal-time support can involve call back or use of chat, voicemail, or electronic mail to correspond with the person making the request. Basic connectivity and access to such services are all that is required.

This paper describes a system to improve indoor navigation through use of radio frequency identification (RFID) technology. The terminal unit is an embedded system equipped with an RFID reader for localization, a mobile robot for navigation, and a combination of ultrasonic and IR sensors for obstacle detection and avoidance during navigation. To increase accuracy of an indoor guidance system, a triangulation method is proposed to accurately detect the location. While the proposed method can be verified by many methods, the accuracy is demonstrated through use of a mobile robot. It navigates to a designated location through continuously monitoring all RFID tags in the vicinity, localizing itself, and calculating the path to the destination.