SPC

IoT has numerous applications; in which oneof them is solar power tracking and modulating network. Energy saving mechanism can be delineated in IoT, which can lessen both energy dissipation and human endeavor necessary to do the task. The proposed system has been rendered to accord the PWM based solar charge controller and its response by utilizing webservers and the laptops/cell phones. The gadget has been used is W5100, the web server which will be accumulated on W5100 module is employed as an IoT platform. As webservers are unconstrained of platforms, they can be adoptable in cell phones/ laptop which is instructed by the relays and sequentially webservers compute the solar charge controllers through W5100 module. The proposed system deals with solar power tracking and sends the information to laptop/cell phone with the help of web servers for energy lessening. The proposed system is capable of identifying the battery charging conditions under different circumstances whenever nee...

Pariwisata telah menjadi industri terbesar dan memperlihatkan pertumbuhan yang konsisten dari tahun ke tahun. World Tourism Organization memperkirakan bahwa pada tahun 2020 akan terjadi peningkatan sebesar 200% terhadap angka kunjungan wisatawan dunia saat ini. Pariwisata modern saat ini juga dipercepat oleh proses globalisasi dunia sehingga menyebabkan terjadinya interkoneksi antar bidang, antar bangsa, dan antar individu yang hidup di dunia ini. Perkembangan teknologi informasi juga mempercepat dinamika globalisasi dunia, termasuk juga didalamnya perkembangan dunia hiburan, rekreasi dan pariwisata.

Statistical Process Control (SPC) is a component of the quality management using statistical methods for observing a complex technological process in order to identify its systematic deviations.
The statistical analysis of technological processes is the main tool in monitoring, control, analysis and identifying operational errors for all of the productive activities. The main goal is to improve the quality of production.
In the book are presented statistical methods that can be used for quality control of production: sequential analysis, adjusting with specific theoretical distribution, control cards.
Are highlighted also the successive stages of examining the performance capacity of a process of production in order to maintain its adjustment between the limits which determine optimum functioning.

PT. XYZ is a foreign capital investment companies are located in one area of town of Sidoarjo which has more than 7000 employees in it and of course want to have a high quality product. PT footwear products. XYZ is the world quality products that promote the quality and comfort of the wearer. Problems that occur in the production process of PT. XYZ of 7-injection engine that has the most number of engine defect is 5.6 and 7. Quality products at heavily influence the shoe production to consumers. If damaged, then the product can not be distributed to consumers .Therefore , the quality of the shoes must be maintained for the successful marketing of the product. From our previous improvements made in reducing the defect in the production process , but the result is less than optimal , so do research that aims to make improvements again with another method. The method used in this research is to apply the methods of Statistical Processing Control (SPC) and Root Cause Analysis (RCA). The results of the check sheet analysis and Pareto diagram can be seen the frequency of product defects (defects) over roughing most occurred in March 2016 as many as 345 shoes (62%) of the total production of 489 products. Then the second frequency in February 2016 as many as 214 shoes (38%) of the total production of 357 products. And from the image Control Chart P can be concluded that the data are in a state of uncontrolled. Because of all these 50 data, there is one data point that is outside the control limits (out of control), on the 4th point the data has a value of the proportion of 1, beyond the limits Upper Control Limit (UCL) is equal to 0.938. During the dots located within the boundaries of a controller, a process is under controlled conditions, and no action required. However, one point that lies outside the control limit is interpreted as the fact that the quality control in the production process (injection) PT. XYZ uncontrolled or still experiencing irregularities. Whereas the causes of the failure of a critical process in the production process are humans, machines, methods and materials.

The missionary zeal of the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres has borne much fruit in the Philippines through three interlinked apostolates of teaching, health care, and pastoral care. The charism was inspired by Father Louis Chauvet, founder of the Congregation, a parish priest in Levesville, La Chenard, France whose compassion for the poor, the sick, and the ignorant of his flock inspired him to found the Daughters of the School now known as Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres in 1696.  This is the story of how this educational mission has developed between 1904 and 2010 in the Philippines.

Bu çalışma, yabancılara mülk satışının önünün açılmasıyla, İstanbul'da bir güvenlikli siteden ev alarak komşu haline gelen yabancıların Türkiyeliler'le karşılaşmalarına odaklanmaktadır. Suudi Arabistan, Mısır, Lübnan, Suriye, Libya gibi farklı ülkelerden gelen, Türkiyeliler tarafından “Arap” olarak nitelendirilen yabancıların, site sınırları içerisinde Türkiyeliler'le birlikte yaşama deneyimlerini anlamaya çalışan araştırma, etnografik yönteme dayanmaktadır. Yabancılar arasındaki kültürel farklılıkların göz ardı edilmesiyle yaratılan Arap stereotipine “pis”, “dağınık”, “savruk”, “umursamaz” gibi özellikler yüklenmekte, bir yandan da Müslüman olmaları göz önünde bulundurularak çok ileri gidilememektedir. Arap olarak tanımlanan yabancılara duyulan rahatsızlık, yerli ve yabancılar arasında bir gerilim unsuruyken, yerlilerin birbirleriyle kurdukları ilişkiyi ortak etnisite ve “evsahibi ülke vatandaşı” olma konumları üzerinden güçlenmektedir. Bu rahatsızlık üzerinde ortaklaşan, bir araya geldiklerinde sohbete başlamaya vesile olan pratikler içerisinde milliyetçiliğin yoğun bir şekilde izlerinin görülebileceği site gündelik hayatında, yeni karşılaşma ve çatışma biçimleri birlikte örülmektedir. Bir arada oldukları mekânlarda konuşmayan, selamlaşmayan ve çoğu zaman göz teması da kurmayan yerli ve yabancı gruplar arasında yaşanan gerilim, küreselleşme sürecini son yıllarda hızlı bir şekilde deneyimleyen İstanbul'da yaşanan entegrasyon sorununa dair önemli ipuçları içermektedir.

Energy resources and their utilization intimately relate to sustainable development. In attaining sustainable development, increasing the energy efficiencies of processes utilizing sustainable energy resources plays an important role. The utilization of renewable energy offers a wide range of exceptional benefits. There is also a link between exergy and sustainable development. A sustainable energy system may be regarded as a cost-efficient, reliable, and environmentally friendly energy system that effectively utilizes local resources and networks. Exergy analysis has been widely used in the design, simulation and performance evaluation of energy systems.The present study comprehensively reviews exergetic analysis and performance evaluation of a wide range of renewable energy resources (RERs) for the first time to the best of the author's knowledge. In this regard, general relations (i.e., energy, exergy, entropy and exergy balance equations along with exergy efficiency, exergetic improvement potential rate and some thermodynamic parameters, such as fuel depletion ratio, relative irreversibility, productivity lack and exergetic factor) used in the analysis are presented first. Next, exergetically analyzed and evaluated RERs include (a) solar energy systems; (a1) solar collector applications such as solar water heating systems, solar space heating and cooling, solar refrigeration, solar cookers, industrial process heat, solar desalination systems and solar thermal power plants), (a2) photovoltaics (PVs) and (a3) hybrid (PV/thermal) solar collectors, (b) wind energy systems, (c) geothermal energy systems, (c1) direct utilization (district heating, geothermal or ground-source heat pumps, greenhouses and drying) and (c2) indirect utilization (geothermal power plants), (d) biomass, (e) other renewable energy systems, and (f) country based RERs. Studies conducted on these RERs are then compared with the previously ones in tabulated forms, while the Grassmann (or exergy flow) diagrams, which are a very useful representation of exergy flows and losses, for some RERs are given. Finally, the conclusions are presented. It is expected that this comprehensive study will be very beneficial to everyone involved or interested in the exergetic design, simulation, analysis and performance assessment of RERs.

Control chart is a well-known tool for monitoring the performance of an ongoing process. The variability of a process is an important parameter that may deteriorate the process performance if it is not taken care on time. In this study, we have proposed some new auxiliary information-based exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) charts for improved monitoring of process variability. We employed auxiliary information in some useful forms including ratio, regression, power ratio, ratio exponential, ratio regression, power ratio regression, and ratio exponential regression estimators. The performance of the newly developed charts is evaluated and compared with some existing charts (viz., the NEWMA, the Improved R, the Synthetic R, and the classical R charts), using some useful measures such as average run length (ARL), extra quadratic loss, and relative ARL. The comparative analysis revealed that the proposed charts outperform their counterparts, especially when there is a strong relationship between the study and the auxiliary variables. Finally, an illustrative example is provided for the monitoring of air quality data. K E Y W O R D S auxiliary variables, average run length, control charts, dispersion parameter, EWMA chart, extra quadratic loss 1 | INTRODUCTION Statistical process monitoring is a powerful mechanism that is used to characterize a process and to further monitor its stability over time. A stable process contains only the natural variations, while an unstable process has an additional source of variation, known as unnatural variation. These two types of variations may be differentiated using an important process-monitoring tool called control chart. A control chart is a graphical display that traditionally uses three lines to monitor process behavior. The conventional charts used for detecting assignable causes are Shewhart, exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) and cumulative sum (CUSUM) control charts. Shewhart charts perform well for the detection of large shifts, while CUSUM and EWMA charts are good at detecting small and persistent shifts. Over the years, new control charting structures have been developed to enhance the performance of these conventional charts. The use of auxiliary information is popular, especially, when the information on the auxiliary variable is readily available and is highly correlated with the study variable (cf. Chaudhuri 1). The ratio and regression methods of estimation are common in practice to improve the efficiency of the estimators of population mean and variance. The auxiliary information based control charts are quite efficient at detecting process shifts. Ahmad et al. 2 proposed several Shewhart

U radu se analizira knjiga gostiju manastira Visoki Dečani vođena od 1924. do 1945. godine. Zapisi mahom pripadnika srednjeg i višeg sloja društva prižaju značajne podatke za istoriju manastira ali su i prilog razumevanju ideja i stavova jugoslovenski orijentisane elite Кraljevine SHS/Jugoslavije. U radu je posebna pažnja posevćena i zapisima stranaca: intelektualaca, novinara i avanturista koji su svojim putopisima i novinskim člancima značajno uticali na formiranje slike o Srbima i Balkanu na Zapadu.

Value engineering is a basic concept which is generally used in automobile sector to increase the overall production of company and eliminate all unnecessary process so that the profit of a plat can be maximized. In 21th century competition in automobile sector is going to increase day by day. Production and demand of the product is limited for all groups because there is lot of choices available in market for a customer that is way not only the production is increases today but the demand of goods is also increases. So the idea of reducing the total manufacturing cost of running part and also reducing the amount of their wastage such as parts scrap, issue of quality of parts and other reason of rejection of parts i.e. value analysis of parts is to be done so that a group produces the same parts is of cheaper cost from their competitors in market. Over the last decade the interest in standardization of products has been increased. This interest stems from the high technology projects and the overseas business market requirement in the mid-century (1950). The International market leads to competition and its requirement for continuous improvement became an issue of major importance in 1980s and even more important in 1990s. This competitive market required organizations that provide the superior values to the customer. Standardization is important for exchange of goods and services at international level in the world. It is also cooperation in the scientific, technology and economic activities.

The book covers the correct non-normal distribution for tool wear. It instructs on the proper setup of non-Shewhart control charts specifically designed to allow absolute control of the precision machining process. The book explains why the statistical basis for Shewhart charts does not apply to tool wear. It covers the unique calculation of process capability as it applies to machining. It explains how compression of control limits increases variation and is not continuous improvement for precision machining. It illustrates what actions should be taken for correctly applied continuous improvement. This book gives relief to those practitioners who have struggled with common Shewhart charts. Now you can easily chart with the power to make meaningful decisions on offsets, tool changes, and much more. Written for the practitioner, the statistics are very easy to understand.  Although some of the information is alluded to in the AIAG SPC book, this goes beyond that content for precision machining.

Inventory replenishment rules have been recognized as a major cause of the bullwhip effect and inventory instability in multi-echelon supply chains. There is a trade-off between bullwhip effect and inventory stability where mitigating the bullwhip effect through order smoothing might increase inventory instability. Therefore, there is a substantial need for inventory control policies that can cope with supply chains dynamics. This paper attempts to formulate an inventory control system based on a statistical control chart approach to handle the trade-off between order variability amplification and inventory stability. The proposed replenishment system, namely IR-SPC, incorporates individual control charts to control both the inventory position and the placed orders. A simulation study has been conducted to evaluate and compare the IR-SPC with a generalized order-up-to that has order smoothing mechanism. The comparisons showed that the IR-SPC outperforms both the smoothing order-up-to policy and the Min-Max inventory policy in terms of bullwhip effect and inventory performances.

Demand signal processing contributes significantly to the bullwhip effect and inventory instability in supply chains. Most previous studies have been attempting to evaluate the impact of available traditional forecasting methods on the bullwhip effect. Recently, some researchers have employed SPC control charts for developing forecasting and inventory control systems that can regulate the reaction to short-run fluctuations in demand. This paper evaluates a SPC forecasting system denoted as SPC-FS that utilizes a control chart approach integrated with a set of simple decision rules to counteract the bullwhip effect whilst keeping a competitive inventory performance. The performance of SPC-FS is evaluated and compared with moving average and exponential smoothing in a four-echelon supply chain employs the order-up-to (OUT) inventory policy, through a simulation study. The results show that SPC-FS is superior to the other traditional forecasting methods in terms of bullwhip effect and inventory variance under different operational settings. The results confirm the previous researches that the moving average achieves a lower bullwhip effect than the exponential smoothing, and we further extend this conclusion to the inventory variance.

This paper represents the scheduling process in furniture manufacturing unit. It gives the fuzzy logic application in flexible manufacturing system. Flexible manufacturing systems are production system in furniture manufacturing unit. FMS consist of same multipurpose numerically controlled machines. Here in this project the scheduling has been done in FMS by using fuzzy logic tool in MATLAB software. The fuzzy logic based scheduling model in this paper will deals with the job and best alternative route selection with multi-criteria of machine. Here two criteria for job and sequencing and routing with rules. This model is applicable to the scheduling of any manufacturing industry. It also deals with the possibility of using artificial intelligence elements in order to evaluate the quality of a manufacturing process. There are described selected indexes of a production process quality evaluation based on statistical process control (SPC), their interpretation and evaluation by means of fuzzy sets, which enable us to work with inaccurate, incomplete or vague information about a monitored and reviewed phenomenon. There are described possibilities of using program system MATLAB and its toolboxes Simulink and Fuzzy Logic to evaluate quality of the manufacturing process based on fuzzy principles.

Inventory replenishment rules contribute significantly to the bullwhip effect and inventory instability in supply chains. Smoothing replenishment rules have been suggested as a mitigation solution for the bull-whip effect but dampening the bullwhip effect might increase inventory instability. This paper evaluates a real-time inventory replenishment system denoted as SPC that utilizes a control chart approach to counteract the bullwhip effect whilst achieving competitive inventory stability. The SPC employs two control charts integrated with a set of decision rules to estimate the expected demand and adjust the inventory position, respectively. The first control chart works as a forecasting mechanism and the second control chart is devoted to control the inventory position variation whilst allowing order smoothing. A simulation analysis has been conducted to evaluate and compare SPC with a generalized (R, S) policy in a four-echelon supply chain, under various operational settings in terms of demand process, lead-time and information sharing. The results show that SPC is superior to the traditional (R, S) and comparable to the smoothing one in terms of bullwhip effect, inventory variance, and service level. Further managerial implications have been obtained from the results.

Control charts have been widely recognised as important tools in system monitoring of abnormal behaviour and quality improvement. Traditional control charts have a major assumption that successive observations are uncorrelated and normally distributed. When this assumption is violated, the traditional control charts do not perform well, but instead show increased false alarm rates. In this study, we propose a data mining model adjustment control chart to address autocorrelation problems for cascade processes. The basic idea of the proposed control chart is to monitor the residuals obtained by data mining models. The data mining models used in this study include support vector regression and artificial neural networks. A simulation study was conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed control chart and compare it with the standard regression adjustment control chart and the observations-based control chart in terms of average run length performance. The results showed that the proposed data mining model adjustment control charts yielded better performance than the two other methods considered in this study. [Received 8 December 2010; Revised 19 June 2011; Revised 9 September 2011; Accepted 29 November 2011]

This research study is framed for the purpose of developing suitable parameters for measuring the efficiency and performance of an organisation. Efficiency depends on how much inputs are used i.e. effective utilisation of resources through quality, process and managerial efficiency etc. to achieve the required output with customer's satisfaction with a method i.e. proper controlling and monitoring system. Performance is measured by how much or what percent of target is achieved. To develop the parameters of efficiency & performance, best worldwide practices, available literatures, and research publications are reviewed and verified by various industry experts to understand their views on correct measuring tools and validate these parameters. These parameters would assist the organisation to identify the improvement in the puny areas in the manufacturing & service sectors in process, operations, and supporting functions. There is a calculation procedures developed which would be different and it depends and differs from the manufacturing and services industries. The number of parameters for assessment also varies according to the process and operations of the organisation like automobile, engineering, SMEs, educational institutes, hospitals, power distribution organisation etc. For making the scorecard effective, the organisation would develop specific team for data collection, assessment, and scorecard-based departmental strategy making.