Successful Aging

As more evidence shows the capacity for growth
and fulfillment in the later years of life, the concept of
positive aging has value in promoting well-being and
enhancing the image of older adulthood. A paradigm
called Foray (4A) into Aging based on Awareness,
Attitude, Affiliation, and Activity demonstrates how this
new territory of positive aging can be realized.

Successful aging broadly refers to the development and maintenance of favorable life outcomes with increasing age. We propose that the likelihood of people aging successfully is enhanced by routinely engaging in habitually repeated, enjoyable actions (henceforth, "rituals") that cultivate their personal resources in the physical, emotional, mental, social, and spiritual domains. We suggest that fixed mindsets will impede the discovery and adoption of such rituals, whereas growth mindsets will facilitate people exploring, trialing, and perpetually enacting rituals that help them age successfully. After defining successful aging, we explain the nature of mindsets and discuss their role in systematically cultivating relevant physical, emotional, mental, social, and spiritual resources. Practical examples of personal resource-building rituals are provided throughout. We outline several avenues for future research to test hypotheses derived from the propositions we have advanced and illustrate how mindsets might be deliberately fostered to support successful aging. We also suggest potential boundary conditions on the utility of growth mindsets. We are all getting older, though some of us faster than others. With aging comes declines, together with questions about how to deal with the aging process and how to age successfully.

The current North American successful aging movement offers a particular normative model of how to age well, one tied to specific notions of individualist personhood especially valued in North America emphasizing independence, productivity, self-maintenance, and the individual self as project. This successful aging paradigm, with its various incarnations as active, healthy and productive aging, has received little scrutiny as to its cultural assumptions. Drawing on fieldwork data with elders from both India and the United States, this article offers an analysis of cultural assumptions underlying the North American successful aging paradigm as represented in prevailing popular and scientific discourse on how to age well. Four key themes in this public successful aging discourse are examined: individual agency and control; maintaining productive activity; the value of independence and importance of avoiding dependence; and permanent personhood, a vision of the ideal person as not really aging at all in late life, but rather maintaining the self of one's earlier years. Although the majority of the (Boston-area, well-educated, financially privileged) US elders making up this study, and some of the most cosmopolitan Indians, embrace and are inspired by the ideals of the successful aging movement, others critique the prevailing successful aging model for insufficiently incorporating attention to and acceptance of the human realities of mortality and decline. Ultimately, the article argues that the vision offered by the dominant successful aging paradigm is not only a particular cultural and biopolitical model but, despite its inspirational elements, in some ways a counterproductive one. Successful aging discourse might do well to come to better terms with conditions of human transience and decline, so that not all situations of dependence, debility and even mortality in late life will be viewed and experienced as "failures" in living well.

To resolve the controversy regarding the adaptive benefits of reminiscence, the study was conducted to investigate what types of reminiscence are associated with successful aging. On the basis of prior research and content analysis, 6 types of reminiscence were identified: integrative, instrumental , transmissive, narrative, escapist, and obsessive. Successful aging was operationally denned as higher than average ratings in mental and physical health and adjustment as determined by an interviewer and a panel of gerontological professionals. Reminiscence data were gathered from 88 men and women judged to be aging successfully and 83 men and women judged to be aging unsuccessfully. All subjects were between 65 and 95 years of age, with approximately half living in the community and half in institutions. As predicted, successful agers showed significantly more integrative and instrumental reminiscence but less obsessive reminiscence than their unsuccessful counterparts. Community dwellers also showed more instrumental and integrative reminiscence than institutionalized seniois showed. Thus, only certain types of reminiscence are beneficial.

This paper examines the contributions that generativity in older age may make to the concept of successful ageing. To this end, two perspectives on successful ageing are described: successful ageing as a set of clinical criteria, and successful ageing as the application of adaptive processes aimed at achieving efficient functioning. After showing the limitations of the first perspective, particularly from a developmental point of view, the paper argues that the adaptive version of successful ageing helps to put ageing into a developmental frame, but needs to be complemented by identifying specific content and goals that guide these adaptive processes and establish new feasible gains for older people. Generativity in older age could play that role and provides a conceptual framework that enriches the concept of successful ageing, both by emphasising the social context in which people age and by highlighting a personal growth component.

Successful aging is an increasingly up-to-date issue with today's medical advances. As people get older, they experience significant social, physical and psychological declines [1-2]. These declines affect the social life of the individual negatively and decrease life satisfaction and quality [3-5]. Increased technological advances and medical innovations help individuals' lives. These positive developments may develop except for the individual's awareness. Individuals may experience problems with neglect, overlook, ignoring, disregard, postpone, forgetting [6-12]. Blind spots may arise in subjects that the individual is not aware of and cannot see in dealing with problems. These blind spots may prevent the individual from providing positive outcomes during the aging process. The determination of the blind spots is important for contributing to the aging process of individuals and for identifying the problems in advance. The aim of this study is to determine the blind spots and how to deal with the blind spots in order to successfully experience the aging process. The studies carried out in the literature are related to healthy, positive, active and successful aging issues. These studies do not reveal the blind spots in the aging process of individuals. Materials and Methods This study was conducted in June 2019 with 44 elderly individual's inpatients in a private hospital (24 females, 20 males; living in the province of Adana in Turkey; ages ranging between 65 to 89). A qualitative research method was used in the study [13-16]. The necessary permission was obtained from the private hospital and the patients to conduct research. The consent form was obtained from the participants [17]. Participants were asked predetermined questions and their answers were coded and themes were created. To reach the cause of the phenomenon investigated, an in-depth interview was conducted with the participants. Medical reports of 44 patients about their diseases were examined. The treatment recommendations and other diseases mentioned in the report findings were compared. Results When the interview results, responses, and medical reports were examined together, it was found that the problems experienced in the neglect, disregard, postpone, awareness and coping problems in the aging process constitute the blind spot. Abstract Objectives: It was aimed to determine blind spots of the successful aging in this study. Methods: This study was conducted in June 2019 with 44 elderly individual's inpatients in a private hospital (24 females, 20 males; living in the province of Adana in Turkey; ages ranging between 65 to 89). Results: In this study it was found that blind spots of the successful aging determined as lack of second eye (Conclusions: In the successful aging of the elderly, lack of second eye, knowledge sharing, personality traits, external effects were identified as blind spots.

In this study we explored the experience of competing in the Senior Games and the resultant contributions to the successful aging of older adults. We used in-depth interviews with older adults who participated in the National Senior Games. Analysis of the data produced five central themes: (a) perseverance, (b) career development and significant effort, (c) personal and social benefits, (d) unique ethos, and (e) identification as a senior athlete. We found that participating in the Senior Games as a form of serious leisure enhanced the well-being of older adults and could be utilized as a means by which to maintain a healthy lifestyle.

Yaşlanma vizyonunda yaşlı insanlar; ailelerinin, arkadaşlarının ve toplumlarının yaşamlarına güçlü ve sürekli bir katkı sağlamaktadırlar. Aktif yaşlanma, insanlar yaşlandıkça yaşam kalitesini artırmak için sağlık, katılım ve güvenlik fırsatlarını optimize etme sürecidir. Sağlıklı yaşlanmaya artan bir vurgu iklimi sağlığın geliştirilmesi, sağlığın korunması ve yaşam kalitesine odaklanmaktadır. Yaşlı insanlar bağımsızlıklarını ve refahlarını ne kadar uzun süre koruyabilirlerse, kendileri ve yakınları o kadar iyi durumda olabilir. Aktif yaşlanmayı teşvik etmeye yönelik bir politika eylemi, kültürel klişelerin ve algılanan ayrımcılığın potansiyel tehditlerini ve olumsuz etkilerini dikkate almalıdır. Öznel esenlik, olumlu duygulanımın varlığı ve genel olarak yaşam doyumunun bilişsel bir değerlendirmesiyle ilgilidir. Yaşlı insanların çoğunluğu mümkün olduğu kadar uzun süre kendi evlerinde kalmak istediğinden ve kurumsal bakımın maliyetleri hızla arttığından, yeni ve daha kapsamlı bakım sistemleri ve modelleri gereklidir. Daha uzun bir yaşam beklentisi şüphesiz toplumda bir başarı olarak yorumlansa da yönetilmesinin o kadar kolay olmadığı ekonomik çıkarımlara sahiptir. Aktif yaşlanma; önleme, teşvik ve bakıma dayalı bir dizi politika müdahalesi yoluyla da başarılabilir. Aktif yaşlanmanın teşvik edilmesine yönelik sosyal itici güçler, toplumun yaşlı insanlara karşı ahlaki yükümlülükleri bağlamında görülebilir. İnsanların yaşamasına ve iyi yaşlanmasına nasıl yardım edileceğini anlama arayışı devam etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, aktif yaşlanmada çevresel parametreler; ayrımcılık, sağlık, bakım ve sosyal politikalar düzleminde incelenmektedir.

We provide to readers the 11th volume of the “Czech-Polish-Slovak Studies in Andragogy and Social Gerontology” series. We are delighted to announce that the presented study is the result of the work of scientists from seven countries: Austria, China, Ghana, Hungary, Japan, Poland, and Russia. This international collection of texts is part of the global discourse on the determinants of adult education and the functioning of people in late adulthood. The 11th volume is a collection of research results that show both the positive and negative dimensions of ageing through the prism of research experience from various geographical and cultural areas. The researchers invited to the presented volume tried to illustrate the issues assigned to the following topics: ageing with dignity; retirement age; assumptions and conditions resulting from living in the home; the relationship between challenges concerning life expectancy and needs; care and ageing services; and foundations and potential c...

This study aimed to test the mediating role of death anxiety on the relationship between Turkish older adults' levels of successful aging and life satisfaction. The study group consisted of 243 individuals (130 females, 113 males) aged 60 years and older. The Successful Aging Scale, Adult Satisfaction with Life Scale, and Death Anxiety Scale were used for data collection. The Pearson product-moment correlation technique and the standard multiple regression technique were used to analyze the data. Preliminary analysis showed the existence of significant relationships among the variables discussed in the study. The regression analysis results indicated that a significant relationship exists among elderly individuals' levels of life satisfaction and death anxiety, with these variables significantly predicting their level of successful aging. Another important finding from this study was that the variables of death anxiety and life satisfaction together explain 36% of the total variance in successful aging. It was concluded that death anxiety was a mediating variable in the relationship between successful aging and life satisfaction. In this context, in order to obtain more detailed information, it is recommended to increase the studies in quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods within the framework of the concepts of death anxiety, successful aging and life satisfaction.

Purpose
Global aging is a phenomenon experienced throughout the world. Research demonstrates an increased incidence of chronic diseases due to global aging in low- and middle-income countries. Before addressing chronic diseases, a platform for change must be created.
Methods
A basic review was conducted on successful aging, adaptations to Rowe and Kahn’s model of successful aging, and environmental challenges in low- and middle-income countries.
Results
The successful aging model by Rowe and Kahn includes trajectories based on various biological and environmental components and determines how lifetime experiences contribute to adverse health effects, such as chronic diseases, in aging populations. This model was primarily designed for high-income populations and may not be transferable to populations in low- and middle-income countries. Suggested changes to the current model have been made and include optimal health activities and access to health care, but have not considered environmental contaminants or hazards. A re-adapted model should be encompassing and consider the environment as well as successful aging elements, optimal aging activities, and access to health care.
Conclusion
The overall goal of this commentary is to theoretically propose a novel successful aging model that may be used to target chronic diseases in aging populations in low- and middle-income countries. This model can then be used as a theoretical foundation for health promotion and disease prevention.

The importance of successful aging is increasingly acknowledged in the field of gerontology. In this paper we contribute to ongoing efforts to clarify and operationalize this concept by presenting our revised Comprehensive Preventive Corrective Proactive (PCP) model that builds on relevant research traditions, our prior formulations and accumulating research evidence based on testing this model. Recognizing biopsychosocial challenges and contextual stressors that are normative for older individuals, we emphasize the critical role of proactive behavioral adaptations in ameliorating the adverse effects of stressors. We argue that competent actions to address age-related changes and stressors are necessary to achieve positive quality-of-life outcomes. We propose that future research may benefit from employing more complex methodological approaches and data analytic tools.

The current study aims to examine correlates of successful aging in the context of midlife, by examining its relationship to generativity, or providing for the next generation (Erikson in Dimensions of a new identity: the 1973 Jefferson lectures in the humanities, W. W. Norton & Co., Oxford, 1974). This research identifies productive activities (e.g., paid work, sports and recreation) and spiritual commitment as potential moderators of the generativity-successful aging relationship, since engagement in these activities has been suggested to benefit health. Furthermore, we examine how these interactions differ for a sample of 237 middle-aged women (mean age = 61), depending on race. Results indicate that, whereas generativity and successful aging are related for the overall sample, this relationship is moderated by sports and recreation activities, and to a lesser extent, spiritual commitment. Importantly, spiritual commitment is associated with a positive relationship between generativity and successful aging, while sports and recreation is associated with a negative one. When viewed by race, spiritual commitment, and sports and recreation activities moderate the relationship specifically for White women, while paid work does so for Black women. This research highlights the importance of examining different pathways between generativity and aging successfully.

Social support has been shown to influence health outcomes in later life. In this study, we focus on social engagement as an umbrella construct that covers select social behaviors in a life span sample that included oldest-old adults, a segment of the adult population for whom very little data currently exist. We examined relationships among social engagement, positive health behaviors, and physical health to provide new evidence that addresses gaps in the extant literature concerning social engagement and healthy aging in very old adults. Participants were younger (21-59 years), older (60-89 years), and oldest-old (90-97 years) adults ( N = 364) in the Louisiana Healthy Aging Study (LHAS). Linear regression analyses indicated that age, gender, and hours spent outside of the house were significantly associated with self-reported health. The number of clubs and hours outside of home were more important factors in the analyses of objective health status than positive health behaviors,...

This study aims to reveal current and perceptual status and the perception of quality in successful aging. The study was conducted with 142
individuals (65 years and older) living in Cukurova Adana Turkey. A qualitative research method (phenomenological method) was adopted in the
study. According to the findings, four basic factors, health, psychological state, active participation in the life and social relationship, were determined
as the perception factors of successful aging and quality. The highest levels of significance in these dimensions were determined as follows: Physical
strength: shrinkage in bone structure, kyphoscoliosis (26.4%); social power: relationships with family, friends and neighbors (34.5%); psychological
strength: coping with problems (39.3%); health strength: aging-related diseases such as menopause, prostate, Alzheimer’s (53.6%); financial power:
decrease in income after retirement (49.8%). Qualitative research results revealed that these four dimensions were required in successful aging
standards.

Purpose: Alaska Natives (ANs) view aging from a holistic perspective, which is not typical of the existing successful aging literature. One of the challenges of conducting research with cultural groups (e.g., ANs) is the lack of data, or research, on culture and aging and its impact on how we view successful aging. This research explores successful aging from an AN perspective or what it means to reach "Eldership" in rural Alaskan communities, which is an area of successful aging where there is very little research. Design and Methods: Data were gathered from 26 elders aged 61-93 years in 6 Bristol Bay communities in Southwest Alaska. An Explanatory Model approach was used and adapted to gain a sense of the beliefs about aging and establish an indigenous understanding of successful aging or what it means to attain "Eldership." Results: Rather than establishing a definition of successful aging for AN Elders, this study highlights the four elements of "Eldership" or what AN Elders believe are important characteristics to becoming a respected elder. The four elements of "Eldership" are emotional well-being, community engagement, spirituality, and physical health, which are the characteristics of ANs who have reached "Eldership" and become a respected Elder in their community. Implications: This research seeks to inform studies on indigenous aging that prioritizes the perspectives of elders to affect positively on the delivery of health care services in rural Alaska.

Purpose: Alaska Natives (ANs) view aging from a holistic perspective, which is not typical of the existing successful aging literature. One of the challenges of conducting research with cultural groups (e.g., ANs) is the lack of data, or research, on culture and aging and its impact on how we view successful aging. This research explores successful aging from an AN perspective or what it means to reach “Eldership” in rural Alaskan communities, which is an area of successful aging where there is very little research. Design and Methods: Data were gathered from 26 elders aged 61–93 years in 6 Bristol Bay communities in Southwest Alaska. An Explanatory Model approach was used and adapted to gain a sense of the beliefs about aging and establish an indigenous understanding of successful aging or what it means to attain “Eldership.” Results: Rather than establishing a definition of successful aging for AN Elders, this study highlights the four elements of “Eldership” or what AN Elders believe are important characteristics to becoming a respected elder. The four elements of “Eldership” are emotional well-being, community engagement, spirituality, and physical health, which are the characteristics of ANs who have reached “Eldership” and become a respected Elder in their community. Implications: This research seeks to inform studies on indigenous aging that prioritizes the perspectives of elders to affect positively on the delivery of health care services in rural Alaska.

The efficacy of a technology-driven visual arts recreation activity, delivered virtually, was evaluated for its potential to achieve positive impacts, similar to traditional arts-interventions, on wellbeing in long-term care residents. Thirty-one residents (average age 86.8 years; SD = 9.4) engaged with the arts-intervention for 30-minutes, twice weekly, for 6 weeks with either a partner or as part of a group. Wellbeing indicators included self-reported psychological and health-related wellness, and attention capacity. Binomial tests of postintervention change revealed a significant above-chance probability of improvement in one or more wellbeing indicators ( p < .05). Postparticipation feedback survey scores were positive ( p < .05). Cognitive status did not influence outcome; however, other participant characteristics such as younger age, higher openness-to-experience (personality trait), and lower baseline mood were significantly associated with positive response to the int...

Growing in later life is not a given; in fact,
many older adults are healthy and active but
may still feel something is missing. We share
stories and processes, facilitated by several practices illustrated
here, demonstrating that living from the inside
out is life enhancing for self and others. Informed
by research, the 4A model previously presented is
expanded to 4A+ as the journey or “foray” into the
unknown of old age unfolds for an increasing number
of people living long lives.

In this study, it was aimed to determine the successful aging levels of the elderly, the acceptance and use of technology behavior, the effect of
technology acceptance and use behaviors on successful aging, and to make recommendations to families, institutions and organizations according
to the results of the research. The research was carried out with 912 elderly individuals who were 60 years and older registered to the Turkish
Retirees Association Adana Branch living in Adana province. As the aim of the study was to explore the theoretical relationship, the method of
Partial Least Squares structural equation model path analysis was used. According to the findings of the research, performance expectancy, hedonic
motivation, facilitating conditions and habit of the subcomponents of the technology acceptance model predicted significantly behavior intention.
Another sub-component of the technology acceptance model was the habit of predicting technology use behavior significantly. The results of the
research showed that “performance expectancy” and “facilitating conditions” which were the sub-components of the technology acceptance model,
predicted “struggle against difficulties” that was the sub-component of successful aging. According to another finding, performance expectancy and
social influence, which were the sub-component of the technology acceptance model, significantly predicted a healthy lifestyle, which was the subcomponent of successful aging.

Amaç: Bu araştırmada, yaşlıların başarılı yaşlanmaya ilişkin görüşleri ile yaşlılık dönemlerinde
görülen geriatrik depresyon arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır.
Yöntem: Araştırma Kayseri’de bir özel hastaneden hizmet alan 60 yaş ve üzeri kişilere
uygulanmıştır. Araştırma bir gün içerisinde hastaneye başvuru yapan 200 kişiden oluşmaktadır.
Araştırmalar, verilerin toplanma zamanına göre anlık, kesitsel ve boylamsal olmak üzere üçe
ayrılırlar (Büyüköztürk ve ark 2012). Buna göre araştırma için ihtiyaç duyulan veriler belirlenen bir
aralıkta anlık olarak araştırmacı tarafından, anket tekniği kullanılarak toplandı. Ankette ilk olarak
bilgilendirilmiş onam bulunmaktadır, daha sonra demografik veriler ve ölçekler yer almaktadır.
Araştırmanın anketi üç bölümden oluşmaktadır. İlk bölümde, katılımcıların demografik bilgileri yer
almaktadır. İkinci bölümde, Reker (2009) tarafından ve Türkçe uyarlaması Hazer ve Özsungur
(2017) tarafından yapılan başarılı yaşlanma ölçeği yer almaktadır. Üçüncü bölümde ise Yesavage
ve ark (1983) tarafından geliştirilen ve Ertan ve ark (1997) tarafından Türkçe uyarlaması yapılan
Geriatrik depresyon ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Başarılı yaşlanma ölçeği 10 madden oluşmakta olup 7’li
likert tarzda oluşturulmuştur. Ölçekte ters soru olmamakla birlikte ölçekten alınan puan arttıkça
başarılı yaşlanmada da artmaktadır. Ölçeğin güvenilirliği Cronbach-Alpa değeri 0,817’dir.
Geriatrik depresyon ölçeği 30 maddeden oluşmakta olup, ölçek soruları evet ve hayır ifadelerinden
oluşmaktadır. 30 maddenin 10 tanesi olumsuz, 20 tanesi ise olumlu olarak kurgulanmıştır. Sınır
değer 14 kabul edilmektedir. Ölçek skoru yükseldikçe depresif duygu durum artmaktadır. Ölçeğin
güvenilirliği Cronbach-Alpha değeri 0,621’dir. Çalışmada elde edilen bulgular değerlendirilirken
SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) for Windows 21.0 programı kullanılarak tanımlayıcı
istatistiksel metotları (Frekans, Yüzde, Ortalama, Standart sapma), korelasyon, bağımsız gruplarda
tek örneklem t testi ve bağımsız gruplarda tek yönlü varyans analizi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılanların %49’u erkek %51’i kadın olup, %72,5’i evlidir. Katılımcıların
%18’i okuryazar değil, %44’ü ilkokul, %23’ü lise, %7,5’i ön lisans ve %7,5’i lisans mezunudur.
%67,5’i çekirdek aile ve %32,5’i geniş ailedir. Gelir durumu algısına baktığımızda, %16’sı kötü,
%71’i orta ve %13’ü iyi olarak belirtmişlerdir. Yaşlıların %54’ü kronik hastalığının olduğunu
belirtirken %46’sı kronik bir hastalığının olmadığını belirtmişlerdir. Katılımcıların %57’si sürekli
ilaç kullanırken %43’ü sürekli ilaç kullanmamaktadır. Cinsiyet ile başarılı yaşlanma ortalaması
arasında anlamlı bir fark tespit edilememiştir (p>0,05). Cinsiyet ile geriatrik depresyon ortalaması
arasında anlamlı bir fark tespit edilmiştir (p<0,05). Medeni durum ile başarılı yaşlanma ve geriatrik
depresyon ortalaması arasında anlamlı bir fark tespit edilememiştir (p>0,05). Aile yapısı ile başarılı
yaşlanma ve geriatrik depresyon ortalaması arasında anlamlı bir fark tespit edilememiştir (p>0,05).
Kronik hastalık durumu ile başarılı yaşlanma ortalaması arasında anlamlı bir fark tespit
edilememiştir (p>0,05). Kronik hastalık olma durumu ile geriatrik depresyon ortalması arasında
anlamlı bir fark tespit edilmiştir (p<0,05). Sürekli ilaç kullanma durumu ile başarılı yaşlanma
ortalaması arasında anlamlı bir fark yok iken geriatrik depresyon ortalaması arasında anlamlı bir
fark tespit edilmiştir (p<0,05). Eğitim durumu ile başarılı yaşlanma ortalaması arasında anlamlı bir
fark tespit edilememiştir (p>0,05). Eğitim durumu ile geriatrik depresyon ortalaması arasında
anlamlı bir fark tespit edilmiştir (p<0,05). Gelir durumu algısı ile başarılı yaşlanma ortalaması
arasında anlamlı bir fark tespit edilememiştir (p>0,05). Gelir durumu algısı ile geriatrik depresyon
ortalaması arasında anlamlı bir fark tespit edilmiştir (p<0,05). Başarılı yaşlanma ile geriatrik
depresyon arasında düşük düzeyde negatif bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir (p<0,001).
Sonuç: Yaşlılarda başarılı yaşlanma arttıkça geriatrik depresyon azalmaktadır. Bunun yanında
kadınların depresyon ortalaması erkeklere göre daha yüksektir. Kronik hastalığı olanların, sürekli
ilaç kullananların, depreyon ortalaması daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Okuryazar
olmayanların geriatrik depresyon ortalaması lisans mezunlarının ortalamasından daha yüksek
çıkmıştır. Gelirinin kötü olarak belirtenlerin geriatrik depresyon ortalaması daha olduğu sonucuna
ulaşılmıştır.


ABSTRACT
Aim: In this study, it is aimed to investigate the relationship between the opinions of elderly people
about successful aging and geriatric depression in old age.
Method: The study was applied to people aged 60 years and older who were served in a private
hospital in Kayseri. The study consists of 200 people who applied to the hospital within a day. The
studies are divided into three sections as momentary, cross-sectional and longitudinal according to
the time of data collection (Büyüköztürk et al. 2012). Accordingly, the data needed for the research
were collected by the researcher in a determined interval by using the survey technique. The
questionnaire included informed consent first, followed by demographic data and scales. The survey
consists of three parts. In the first part, the demographic information of the participants is given. In
the second part, the successful aging scale is made by Reker (2009) and the Turkish adaptation by
Hazer and Özsungur (2017). In the third section, Geriatric depression scale developed by Yesavage
et al. (1983) and adapted by Ertan et al. (1997) was used. The successful aging scale consisted of 10
items and was formed in a 7-point Likert style. Although there is no reverse question in the scale, as
the score obtained from the scale increases, it also increases in successful aging. Reliability of the
scale Cronbach-Alpa value was 0.817. The geriatric depression scale consists of 30 items and the
questions consist of yes and no statements. 10 of the 30 items were designed as negative and 20 of
them as positive. The limit value is accepted as 14. The higher the scale score, the higher the
depressive mood. Reliability of the scale Cronbach-Alpha value is 0.621. Descriptive statistical
methods (Frequency, Percentage, Mean, Standard deviation), correlation, one-sample t test in
independent groups and one-way analysis of variance were used in SPSS (Statistical Package for
Social Sciences) for Windows 21.0 program.
Findings: 49% of the participants were male, 51% were female and 72.5% were married. 18% of
the participants are not literate, 44% are primary school, 23% high school, 7.5% associate degree
and 7.5% graduate. 67.5% of the nuclear family and 32.5% of the extended family. When we look
at the perception of income status, 16% of the bad, 71% of the medium and 13% of the good as
stated. While 54% of the elderly stated that they had chronic disease, 46% stated that they did not
have a chronic disease. While 57% of the participants were on continuous medication, 43% were
not on continuous medication. There was no significant difference between gender and successful
aging (p> 0.05). A significant difference was found between gender and mean geriatric depression
(p <0.05). There was no significant difference between marital status and mean aging and geriatric
depression (p> 0.05). There was no significant difference between the family structure and the
mean age of successful aging and geriatric depression (p> 0.05). There was no significant
difference between chronic disease status and successful aging (p> 0.05). There was a significant
difference between chronic disease and mean geriatric depression (p <0.05). While there was no
significant difference between continuous drug use and the average age of successful aging, a
significant difference was found between the mean of geriatric depression (p <0.05). There was no
significant difference between the educational status and the average age of successful aging (p> 0.05). There was a significant difference between education level and mean geriatric depression (p
<0.05). There was no significant difference between income perceptions and successful aging (p>
0.05). There was a significant difference between income perception and geriatric depression
average (p <0.05). A low negative correlation was found between successful aging and geriatric
depression (p <0.001).
Results: Geriatric depression decreases as successful aging increases in the elderly. In addition, the
average depression of women is higher than men. It was found that the patients with chronic disease
and those who used continuous medication had higher mean depression. The average of geriatric
depression of illiterate people was higher than the average of undergraduate graduates. It was
concluded that those who stated that their income was bad were the average of geriatric depression.

Background: Many criteria of successful aging are directly connected with Health-Promoting Behaviors.
Objectives: The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of an educational program based on the successful aging approach on health promoting behaviors in the elderly.
Patients and Methods: This clinical trial study was conducted on 464 Iranian elderly people over 60 years who were admitted at Health Houses for 12 months. Participants were selected through a two-stage cluster sampling and were placed in the control and intervention groups (232 participants in each group). The data collection tools included: a demographic checklist, Palmore Facts on Aging Quiz and the second version of Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile. The intervention was designed based on adult strategy education in five 45-minute sessions. The data obtained 3 months after the intervention were compared with the data obtained before the intervention. The data were analyzed using the descriptive and analytical tests such as paired T-test with SPSS version 20, at the statistical significant level 0.05.
Results: The mean age of the participants in this study was 65.9 ± 3.6 (range 60-73). Results showed a statistically significant difference between the intervention and control group after the intervention in the mean scores of awareness of aging facts and score of health promoting behaviors.
Conclusions: Focusing on successful aging and adopting HPBs can prevent and decrease aging problems which in turn decreases the financial burden and related costs. This is especially important for the policy and decision makers of the health systems.
Keywords:Community Health Planning; Aging; Health Promoting Intervention