Tablets

Jean Baudrillard sees in today’s simulation the model ‘of a real but without origin or reality: a hyperreal’. With the hyperreal, the individual is unable to distinguish what is real and what is not. In this article, I argue how the pervasiveness of media, in the form of mobile phones, tablets with their applications and social networking sites, singularly or in unison create and sustain the existence of the hyperreal. They succeed at once through an imagined call for urgency and an implosion of meaning that cannot be contained. This type of media is a priori a form of simulation, and has not only erased the boundaries that exit between the real and the unreal but has also developed as a site accountable for continual deference of the being-in-theworld, forcing on the latter a perpetual existence in the hyperreal.

A novel stability-indicating reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of Celecoxib (CEL) and Diacerein (DIN) and its impurities in capsule dosage form. The method was developed using L1 column with gradient using the mobile phase consist of Solution A (pH = 2.3 buffer) and Solution B (methanol and acetonitrile; 50 : 50, v/v). The eluted compounds were monitored at 255 nm. CEL and DIN were subjected to oxidative, acid, base, hydrolytic, thermal and photolytic stress conditions. The developed method was validated as per International Conference on Harmonisation guidelines with respect to specificity, linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantitation, accuracy, precision and robustness. The limit of quantitation results were ranged from 0.07 to 0.09 µg/mL for CEL impurities and 0.052 to 0.065 µg/mL for DIN impurities. This method is suitable for the estimation of impurities and assay of CEL and DIN in ...

RESUMO Este artigo trata das possibilidades de personalização características das tecnologias digitais, que se estendem aos livros, cujo projeto gráfico pode, muitas vezes, ser alterado pelos usuários. As questões que encaminham o texto dizem respeito à relação dos leitores com os livros digitais, com ênfase no uso, das possibilidades de customização dos livros digitais. Para abordar o tema, partimos de uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o design editorial, após a qual apresentamos os resultados de uma pesquisa junto a leitores, realizada através de questionários online. O texto termina com uma reflexão sobre o papel do designer frente às possibilidades de customização do livro digital. Palavras-chave: "design editorial", "e-book" e "tablets". INTRODUÇÃO Ao longo dos séculos que compõem a história do livro, diversos padrões de composição legitimaram-se e passaram a ser considerados sinônimos de conforto e eficácia de leitura ao usuário-bem como da capacida...

The two-part article aimed to investigate poloxamer 407-based microspheres as a novel platform for enhancing and controlling the delivery of atenolol across the oromucosal tissue. In the Part I of the work, atenolol-loaded poloxamers 407 microparticles were prepared by the solvent free spray congealing technology. This approach was feasible upon the high viscosity of the systems allowing for high loaded (20% w/w) non-aggregated microspheres. Several formulations were studied and the results demonstrated that the drug release patterns, solubility data, mucoadhesion to buccal tissue and gelling properties in saliva could be modified by adding different amount of an amphiphilic polymer-lipid excipient (Gelucire(®) 50/13) to poloxamer 407. Particularly, microspheres based only on poloxamer 407 exhibited very high solubility, mucoadhesive strength and gelling behaviour. To assess their potential as matrix for buccal application, the gelling property and the drug release from tablets obta...

The objective of the current study was to develop and validate a simple, precise and accurate isocratic stability-indicating reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) assay method for the determination of spironolactone and furosemide in solid pharmaceutical dosage forms. Isocratic RP-HPLC separation was achieved on an SGE 150 × 4.6 mm SS Wakosil II 5C8RS 5-μm column using a mobile phase of acetonitrile-ammonium acetate buffer (50:50, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection was carried out at 254 nm using a photodiode array detector. The drug was subject to oxidation, hydrolysis, photolysis and heat to apply stress conditions. The method was validated for specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness and solution stability. The method was found to be linear in the drug concentration range of 40-160 µg/mL with correlation coefficients of 0.9977 and 0.9953 for spironolactone and furosemide, respectively. The precision (relative standard deviation; RSD) among a six-sample preparation was 0.87% and 1.1% for spironolactone and furosemide, respectively. Repeatability and intermediate precision (RSD) among a six-sample preparation were 0.46% and 0.20% for spironolactone and furosemide, respectively. The accuracy (recovery) was between 98.05 and 100.17% and 99.07 and 100.58% for spironolactone and furosemide, respectively. Degradation products produced as a result of stress studies did not interfere with the detection of spironolactone and furosemide; therefore, the assay can be considered to be stability-indicating.

This investigation evaluated some new (Preflo) and existing commercially available (Starch 1500, Star Tab) modified starches as direct compression excipients. Preflo corn starches (CH-10, CH-20, CH-30) and Preflo potato starches (P-250, PI-10, PJ-20) were evaluated and compared with respect to their pharmaceutical properties such as particle size, density, flowability, friability, and compression properties. Preflo starches showed a high bulk density and good flowability. Preflo corn starches and Star Tab formed harder tablets than Preflo potato starches and Starch 1500. Data from the Athy-Heckel plots indicated that the Preflo starches are soft materials and, unlike Starch 1500, undergo plastic deformation. Tablets containing acetaminophen were also compressed with the starches and disintegration and dissolution studies were conducted. Starch 1500 tablets disintegrated in 3.5 min, whereas none of the Preflo starch tablets disintegrated in 30 min. While complete acetaminophen releas...

Disintegration performance was measured by analysing both water ingress and tablet swelling of pure microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and in mixture with croscarmellose sodium using terahertz pulsed imaging (TPI). Tablets made from pure MCC with porosities of 10% and 15% showed similar swelling and transport kinetics: within the first 15 s, tablets had swollen by up to 33% of their original thickness and water had fully penetrated the tablet following Darcy flow kinetics. In contrast, MCC tablets with a porosity of 5% exhibited much slower transport kinetics, with swelling to only 17% of their original thickness and full water penetration reached after 100 s, dominated by case II transport kinetics. The effect of adding superdisintegrant to the formulation and varying the temperature of the dissolution medium between 20°C and 37°C on the swelling and transport process was quantified. We have demonstrated that TPI can be used to non-invasively analyse the complex disintegration kineti...

It has been observed previously that xanthan gum (XG) and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) show different drug release behavior. In order to clarify these findings, the rheological properties of both polymers have been determined by oscillatory as well as by steady shear measurements. Aqueous solutions of 4 and 7% (w/w) polymer have been used to simulate the outer surface of a hydrated tablet. The dynamic moduli, i.e., storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″) of the two polymers have been determined in pure water and USP phosphate buffer pH 7.4 at different dilutions. In this concentration range XG solution exhibits “gel-like” behavior, while HPMC behaves as a typical polymer solution. These findings are quite consistent with the reported higher ability of XG matrices to retard drug release than HPMC matrices for controlled-release formulation. The effects of differences in drug solubility and acidity, as well as the addition of lactose, and of the ionic strength of the medium on the rheological properties of XG and HPMC solutions have been studied in detail. Among these parameters, only the salt concentration exerts an enhancing effect on both moduli of XG, while no detectable influence on HPMC solution could be observed.

Tablets zijn nadrukkelijk aanwezig in onze maatschappij. Dit stelt ook het onderwijs voor nieuwe uitdagingen. Steeds meer scholen gaan ermee werken, maar wat zegt wetenschappelijk onderzoek eigenlijk over de randvoorwaarden voor een succesvolle integratie?

The objective of the present study was to develop a once-daily sustained-release (SR) matrix tablet of famotidine. Nine different formulations (F1–F9) were prepared by direct compression method using Avicel PH101 as filler/binder in the range of 41–27% in F1–F3, 18–22% in F4–F7, and 16–18% in F8–F9 and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (4,000 cps) as hydrophilic matrix was used in F1–F3 from 19% to 30%, around 40% in F4–F7, and 42–45% in F8–F9. Talc and Aerosil were added in the ratio of 0.7–1.2%. The tablets were subjected to various physical parameters including weight variation test, hardness, thickness, diameter, friability, and in vitro release studies. Assay was also performed according to the USP 30 NF 25 procedure. The results of the physical parameters and assay were found to be within the acceptable range. In vitro dissolution results indicated that formulation F4–F7, having around 40% of rate control polymer, produced a SR pattern throughout 24 h. F1–F3 showed drug release at a faster rate, while F8–F9 released much slower, i.e., r 2 = 0.984) and F6 in Korsmeyer and Higuchi (r 2 = 0.992 and 0.988). The parameter n indicated anomalous diffusion, while β in Weibull showed a parabolic curve with higher initial slope. The f 2 similarity test was performed taking F4 as a reference formulation. Only the F5–F7 formulations were similar to the reference formulation F4. The mean dissolution time was around 10 h for the successful formulation.