Terminologia Prawa Handlowego

The article analyses the names of business entities formed under Polish, English and US law. Polish organizations are formed under commercial or civil law and are grouped in one semantic field spółka. English and US law makes a sharp distinction between partnerships and companies/corporations and does not have a single superordinate term corresponding to spółka. The three English translations of the Polish Code of Commercial Partnerships and Companies use the same English equivalents of the Polish entities, creating the SL-oriented authoritative terminology. It is rather unproblematic to find equivalents of English and US partnerships in Polish due to a relatively high degree of congruity between the concepts. On the other hand, companies/corporations pose more translation problems due to the finer categorization of these entities in English and US law, based on different criteria. Furthermore, it is shown that the Polish dictionaries covered by the analysis contain some errors and do not list some standard partnerships and companies/corporations (in particular US entities seem to be underrepresented).

The article discusses fundamental terminology and phraseology connected with company representation in Polish law and has two objectives. The first objective is to conduct a detailed analysis of the most salient terms, prokurent, pełnomocnik zgromadzenia, kurator spółki, pełnomocnik do głosowania and przedstawiciel, with a view to determining their conceptual fields and obtaining a basis for cross-linguistic comparison. The second objective is to identify and assess their English equivalents in translation practice, demonstrating various techniques applied by legal translators to deal with incongruity and non-equivalence. The third section presents an overview of Polish phraseology related to representation to aid translators in achieving naturalness in translation.

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki szczegółowej cząstkowej analizy terminograficznej  słowników specjalistycznych  z terminologią angielską i polską wydanych w Polsce w latach 1945-2013. Analiza została przeprowadzona pod kątem wybranych parametrów makro- i mikrostruktury , a jej celem było przebadanie zmian zachodzących w praktyce leksykografii terminologicznej na przestrzeni prawie siedemdziesięciu lat.