Theoretical Archaeology

A Roman bathhouse near Glasgow, Scotland, was the site chosen to trial a project called Recovery through Heritage
(RtH). This provided a convenient archaeological case study through which to explore ideas of historical well-being,
demonstrating the benefits that archaeology can bring to recovery work. The project was run with partners— Phoenix Futures a charity that supports individuals with alcohol and drug problems; and Northlight Heritage — as part
of the Clyde and Avon Valley Landscape Partnership (CAVLP) supported by the Heritage Lottery Fund (HLF) and
Historic Environment Scotland (HES). It piloted a project that worked with service users to design a heritage trail,
enhance archaeological sites and help out on archaeological digs, focusing on the Roman bathhouse at Strathclyde
Park, Motherwell, North Lanarkshire, Scotland. A range of activities resulted in the successful completion of the project, including positive outcomes for the service users, the wider community, and ourselves as practitioners. This paper outlines the ways in which the Recovery through Heritage project developed, describing the archaeological and
recovery outcomes achieved, the problems and challenges that were encountered, and how these were overcome. The
paper also explores the ways in which current archaeological theory influences the delivery of community-focused
heritage projects, and how theory is deployed in daily professional practice.



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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=evZceroOlvQ

TMA 9, mei 1992, 5de jaargang nr. l prijs los num mer f1. 12,95 / bfr. 240. TMA is' een onafhankelijk tijdschrift dat aandacht besteedt aan het actuele archeo logische onderzoek in de Mediterrane wereld, in het bijzonder verricht vanuit Nederland en België. Het overnemen van artikelen is toegestaan m its met bronver melding. Bijdragen van lezers zijn welkom en kunnen al dan niet verkort door de redactie worden gepubliceerd. Deze uitga ve kwam tot stand met steun van de Stich ting ter Ondersteuning van O udheidkun dig Onderzoek. abonnementen TMA verschij nt twee keer per jaar. Op gave kan schriftelijk of door storting van f1. 25,-op girorekening 5859344, of bfr. 450 op bankrekening 172.1305816.76 Rabo bank België. Studenten betalen f1. 22,50 of bfr. 410 (onder vermelding van studienummer). De abonnementen lopen van 1 januari tot 31 december en worden automatisch ver lengd, tenzij een maand van tevoren is op gezegd. redactie en administr' atieadres Tijdschrift voor Mediterrane Archeologie Postbus 7030, 9701 JA Groningen 050-635183 (dinsdagoch tend) redactie

The main goal of this paper is to reflect on the perspectives and challenges of art and archaeology research. The paper investigates main objectives through the lens of the art historian and archaeologist. Even though, the study on relations between art and archaeology has a long tradition in archaeology and the most famous researchers reflected on those tensions (Colin Renfrew, Michael Shanks, Andrew Jones, Ian Russell, Paul Reilly, Paul Bonaventura), art and archaeology approach is still not a coherent and systematic methodological framework. To deal with this notable lack, the author revises previous studies and points at the possible advantages of the development of studies at the border of art, archaeology and aesthetics. The main problems are illustrated and discussed in reference to archaeological museums and the Polish contemporary art represented by Hubert Czerepok, Agata Ingarden, Agnieszka Kalinowska, Agnieszka Kurant, Robert Kuśmirowski and Joanna Rajkowska.

[PL]
Relacje między sztuką współczesną a archeologią od dawna znajdują się w orbicie zainteresowań badaczy przeszłości. Mimo że przepływem między dziełami a toposami archeologicznymi zajmują się takie autorytety, jak Colin Renfrew, Michael Shanks, Andrew Jones, Ian Russell, Paul Reilly czy Paul Bonaventura, nadal nie ma obowiązującej, jasnej, systematycznej i koherentnej wizji, jak prowadzić badania na styku sztuki i archeologii (art and archaeology based research). Przyjmując perspektywę historyczki sztuki i archeolożki, w tekście zastanowię się nad wyzwaniami stojącymi przed podejściem do badań na styku sztuki i archeologii.

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AD GLORIAM 

N. A. Răileanu (Kishinev, Moldova)N. A. Chetraru: The Beginnings9
S. I. Covalenco (Kishinev, Moldova)The Leading Stone Age Researcher of Moldova11
N. K. Anisyutkin, G. V. Grigorieva (St. - Petersburg, Russia)N.A. Chetraru and the Palaeolithic of Moldova14
List of Published Works by N.A. ChetraruList of Published Works18

MAN – MAMMOTH – CULTURE 

Z. A. Abramova (St. - Petersburg, Russia)A Catalogue of Depictions of Mammoth in European Palaeolithic Miniature Art23
Z. A. Abramova (St. - Petersburg, Russia)A Catalogue of Depictions of Mammoth in European Palaeolithic Wall Art68
N. K. Anisyutkin (St. - Petersburg, Russia)Mammoth in the Middle Paleolithic of East Europe (on the problem of Mousterian living structures and the use of mammoth bones)114
S. A. Vasiliev (St. - Petersburg, Russia)Man and Mammoth in the Paleolithic of North America130
I. E. Kuzmina (St. - Petersburg, Russia)Late Anthropogenic Fauna of South-Western and Central Russian Plain141
V. V. Popov (Voronezh, Russia)Bones of Mammoth in Construction of Dwellings of Anosovka-Mezin Type on the Station Kostenki 11 (Anosovka 2)157

RESEARCH AND PUBLICATIONS 

V. N. Stepanchuk (Kiev, Ukraine)The site of Mira in the Middle Dnieper area: On the question of homogeneity of Paleolithic layers187
A. V. Glavenchuk (Odessa, Ukraine)Study of a Manufacture Area on the Late Palaeolithic Settlement of Anetovka II206
A. P. Veselsky (Simferopol, Ukraine)Bodrak: A New Upper Paleolithic Site in South-Western Crimea228
S. P. Smolyaninova (Odessa, Ukraine)Some Groups of Retouched Stone Tools from Mesolithic Sites on the Northwest Coast of the Black Sea248
S. O. Remizov (Volgograd, Russia)A New Stone Age Station in Volgograd Oblast’267

PROBLEMS OF THE PALAEOLITHIC AND MESOLITHIC OF EUROPE 

Yu. E. Demidenko (Kiev, Ukraine)Problems of Epochal and Industrial Attribution for Kiik-Koba Rock-Shelter, Lower Layer Type Complexes in the Crimea271
S. I. Covalenco (Kishinev, Moldova)A Contribution to the Problem of the Dniester Epi-Aurignacien301
N. P. Olenkovskiy (Kherson, Ukraine)Nizhnedniprovska (Lower Dnieper) Epigravettian Culture307
I. V. Sapozhnikov (Odessa, Ukraine)The Ciobruci Station and Periodization of the Final Stage of the Late Palaeolithic in the Black Sea Steppes334

MONOGRAPH IN THE JOURNAL 

A. N. Sorokin (Moscow, Russia)The Mesolithic Stations on the Lower Moksha River359

ECO-SOCIAL RECONSTRUCTIONS 

E. V. Smyntyna (Odessa, Ukraine)Landscape in Archaeology and Primitive History: Main Approaches to Conceptualisation444
S. I. Medyanik (São Paulo, Brazil – Kishinev, Moldova), I. V. Sapozhnikov (Odessa, Ukraine)Natural Habitat of the Early Man in South-West of the Eastern Europe in Late Palaeolithic (based on palynological data and sections from the station Bolshaya Akkarzha)454
G. V. Grigorieva (St. - Petersburg, Russia)Planigraphy of Sew-on-Beads on the Upper Palaeolithic Settlement of Yudinovo (excavations of 1988 – 1990, 1995 – 1997 and 2000 – 2001)467

ARCHAEOLOGICAL THEOREMS 

L. S. Klejn (St. - Petersburg, Russia)How to Distinguish a Good Theoretical Archaeological Work of a Bad One?482
M. V. Anikovich (St. - Petersburg, Russia)Some Methodological Problems of Primitive Archaeology and Basic Generalizing Concepts: «Archaeological Stage», «Archaeological Culture», «Technical Complex», «Cultural-Historical Region»487

REVIEWS 

Yu. E. Demidenko, D. Yy. Nuzhnyi (Kiev, Ukraine)Upper Palaeolithic Problems in the North Black Sea Region and I.V. Sapozhnikov’s Book “Bolshaya Akkarzha. Upper Palaeolithic Economy and Culture of the Ukrainian Steppe”507
V. Ya. Shumkin (St. - Petersburg, Russia)The Death Again Has Chosen the Best One...To the Memory of Vladimir Ivanovich Timofeev (14.06.1947 – 08.08.2004)524

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 

List of abbreviations527


Содержание

AD GLORIAM 

Н. А. Рэйляну (Кишинёв, Молдова)
Н.А. Кетрару: Начало большого пути Free!9
С. И. Коваленко (Кишинёв, Молдова)
Первый «каменщик» Молдовы Free!11
Н. К. Анисюткин, Г. В. Григорьева (Санкт-Петербург, Россия)
Н.А. Кетрару и палеолит Молдовы Free!14
Список опубликованных работ Н.А. Кетрару
Список опубликованных работ Free!18


ЧЕЛОВЕК – МАМОНТ – КУЛЬТУРА 

З. А. Абрамова (Санкт-Петербург, Россия)
Каталог изображений мамонта в европейском палеолитическом искусстве малых форм23
З. А. Абрамова (Санкт-Петербург, Россия)
Каталог изображений мамонта в палеолитическом настенном искусстве Европы68
Н. К. Анисюткин (Санкт-Петербург, Россия)
Мамонт в среднем палеолите Восточной Европы (к вопросу о мустьерских жилых структурах и использовании костей мамонта)114
С. А. Васильев (Санкт-Петербург, Россия)
Человек и мамонт в палеолите Северной Америки130
И. Е. Кузьмина (Санкт-Петербург, Россия)
Позднеантропогеновая териофауна юго-запада и центра Русской равнины141
В. В. Попов (Воронеж, Россия)
Кости мамонта в конструкции жилища аносовско-мезинского типа на стоянке Костёнки 11 (Аносовка 2)157


ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ И ПУБЛИКАЦИИ 

В. Н. Степанчук (Киев, Украина)
Стоянка Мира в Среднем Поднепровье: к вопросу o гомогенности палеолитических слоев187
А. В. Главенчук (Одесса, Украина)
Исследование производственного участка на позднепалеолитическом поселении Анетовке206
А. П. Весельский (Симферополь, Украина)
Бодрак – новый памятник верхнего палеолита в Юго-Западном Крыму228
С. П. Смольянинова (Одесса, Украина)
О некоторых группах изделий с вторичной обработкой ряда мезолитических стоянок Северо-Западного Причерноморья248
С. О. Ремизов (Волгоград, Россия)
Новая стоянка каменного века на территории Волгоградской области267


ПРОБЛЕМЫ ПАЛЕОЛИТА И МЕЗОЛИТА ЕВРОПЫ 

Ю. Э. Демиденко (Киев, Украина)
Проблемы эпохальной и индустриальной атрибуции комплексов находок типа нижнего слоя грота Киик-Коба в Крыму271
С. И. Коваленко (Кишинёв, Молдова)
К вопросу о днестровском эпиориньяке301
Н. П. Оленковский (Херсон, Украина)
Нижнеднепровская эпиграветтская культура307
И. В. Сапожников (Одесса, Украина)
Стоянка Чобручи и периодизация заключительного этапа позднего палеолита причерноморских степей334


МОНОГРАФИЯ В ЖУРНАЛЕ 

А. Н. Сорокин (Москва, Россия)
Мезолитические стоянки низовьев р. Мокши359


ЭКО-СОЦИАЛЬНЫЕ РЕКОНСТРУКЦИИ 

Е. В. Смынтына (Одесса, Украина)
Ландшафт в археологии и первобытной истории: основные подходы к концептуализации444
С. И. Медяник (Сан-Паулу, Бразилия – Кишинёв, Молдова), И. В. Сапожников (Одесса, Украина)
Природная среда обитания древнего человека на юго-западе Восточной Европы в позднем палеолите (по данным палинологии стоянки Большая Аккаржа и опорных разрезов)454
Г. В. Григорьева (Санкт-Петербург, Россия)
Планиграфия бус-нашивок верхнепалеолитического поселения Юдиново (раскопки 1988–1990, 1995–1997, 2000–2001 гг.)467


ТЕОРЕМЫ АРХЕОЛОГИИ 

Л. С. Клейн (Санкт-Петербург, Россия)
Как отличить хорошую теоретическую работу по археологии от плохой?482
М. В. Аникович (Санкт-Петербург, Россия)
Некоторые методологические проблемы первобытной археологии и основные обобщающие понятия: «археологическая эпоха», «археологическая культура», «технокомплекс», «историко-культурная область»487


РЕЦЕНЗИИ 

Ю. Э. Демиденко, Д. Ю. Нужный (Киев, Украина)
Проблемы верхнего палеолита Северного Причерноморья и книга И.В. Сапожникова «Большая Аккаржа. Хозяйство и культура позднего палеолита Степной Украины» 507
В. Я. Шумкин (Санкт-Петербург, Россия)
Опять смерть лучших выбирает… Памяти Владимира Ивановича Тимофеева (14.06.1947 – 08.08.2004) 524


ДОПОЛНИТЕЛЬНАЯ ИНФОРМАЦИЯ 

Список сокращений527

The burial ground at Eksåg A late Bronze Age burial ground in Södermanland, Central Sweden, was excavated in the autumn of 1991. The results raised questions about the rueaning of the variation of gravetypes and burial customs in the same burial ground. T wo alternative models of explanation, based on different theoretical approaches, are discussed in this paper. In accordance to the first model, the variation reflects a corresponding social differentiation in the society using the burial ground. This model must, according to the author (]anis Runcis), be dismissed due to strong objections i.a. regarding source criticism and obvious problems concerning the up to now applied methods, intimately associated with the social theories implied in those ways of modelling prehistorie societies. The seeond alternative model of explanation, preferred by the author, is based on the conception of the varied burial customs over time as meaningfully constituted. The variation may then be interpreted as conscious, ideological expressions, not reflecting social reality but more so an ideal and desirable, social order. The overarebing ideologic and religious fraruework in which the variation takes place is manifested in the predominant element of the burial ritual during late Bronze Age, i.e. the cremation of the dead. The traces of prehistorie society in the gravematerial should therefore be interpreted as viewed from diachronic aspects, and more attention ought to be given to their intentional function of creating and reproducing, perhaps not existing but desirable social systems.

**please contact me if you would like a copy of my thesis**

The development of urbanism in the Viking Age is undoubtedly one of the best-studied fields in the archaeology of the period. The Viking towns of Birka, Kaupang, Hedeby and Ribe have captured the imagination of archaeologists and the public alike, presenting the lives of their enigmatic inhabitants. Discussed in the literature but only occasionally discussed comparatively are a significant number of other settlements founded across the Baltic coast in the Early Medieval Period, from northern Germany to the tributary rivers of north-western Russia. These settlements appear across the Mare Barbarum at a very similar time, in similar forms, in response to ostensibly similar circumstances. Some survive through to today, most meet a variety of different ends, but all transformed in some way into the world of the later, more easily recognisable High Medieval town.
This thesis presents a model of Early Medieval settlement in the Baltic region, acknowledging the modern day historical and political reasons for the lack of representation of the southern and eastern Baltic countries and emphasizing a comparative approach to remove these barriers of recent history. Thirteen settlements have been chosen for analysis, selected for the availability of information for the development of a quantitative model of settlement trajectory. Despite their similar beginnings, the settlements all met very different ends, and a triadic framework of settlement analysis is applied to this problem, emphasizing interconnection between material form, social operation, and settlement outcome. Regardless of just what these settlements were, as indeed discussions around the terminology of urbanism have predominated in recent years, they undoubtedly were something, strangers in an overwhelmingly rural and agricultural landscape, situated outside contemporary political and social systems. As the Viking-centric focus on archaeology of the Early Medieval period in Northern Europe begins to change, this thesis illustrates the role of comparative analysis in revealing the importance of sites less well-studied.

L'acte moderne de croire passe souvent pour un acte de savoir. Ce livre traite des visions scientifiques de l'origine de l'homme. Savoir ou croyances ? Il est des croyances dont la force de séduction est si grande que nous les prenons pour un savoir. C'est ici que la crédulité naïve de l'écolier rencontre la crédulité savante du chercheur.
Une analyse des principales conceptions de l'anthropogenèse, proposées entre le début du XIXe siècle et nos jours, montre que la science, après avoir rejeté les traditionnels récits mythiques, ne parvient pas à se libérer entièrement de leur influence. La pensée scientifique continue encore à reproduire la trame des anciennes conceptions.
Rationnels que nous nous efforçons d'être, nous n'en restons pas moins croyants, car nous croyons savoir, et s'il arrive fréquemment que la noble science rejoint dans ses conclusions la pensée ordinaire, c'est parce que l'une comme l'autre peuvent être tributaires d'un ancien imaginaire où se reflète toute une anthropologie naïve : notre simpliste manière de voir l'homme, sa culture et les vicissitudes de son histoire.

Archaeological data should ideally present a robust comparative set for the evaluation of theoretical constructs. The relationship of archaeological theory, socio-cultural theory, and the interpretation of archaeological data is understood to be a recursive hermeneutic cycle. Iteration of this cycle, however, tends to stall when theoretical constructs are perceived as an interpretive “toolkit” to be contingently applied or when ideological bias intervenes. This paper discusses some of the potential epistemological contradictions underlying contemporary interpretive approaches and assessments of socio-cultural organization and complexity. Differential views of causal relationships and their application in the construction of theoretical models are reconsidered.

Conclusions

What I am suggesting here is that a conquest myth may be a frequent consequence of an immigration situation in which the immigrants have achieved ascendancy, but feel under pressure because they are a minority, or because of a change in the political situation, or for similar reasons). One way to express the myth, and at the same time re-affirm existing power structures, is the display of weapons and the use of weapon symbolism. In this way, the immigrants would display and enhance their political and social status - a status which is tied to their ethnic (group, community) identity. In the Anglo-Saxon case, this symbolism took the form of depositing weapons in graves. On analogy with the written sources, there can be little doubt that it expressed a social ideology founded on a conquest myth. Both, the underlying myth itself and its material culture equivalent, served to express, legitimise and structure social relations between immigrant Anglo-Saxons and native Britons.

This meaning of the weapon burial rite may have been more widespread. There appear to be parallel cases of multi-ethnic populations where the weapon burial rite was practised only by the dominant ethnic group, like the Alamannic weapon burials in Southwest Germany, and possibly the pre-Roman Celtic weapon burials in Northern Italy. On the other hand, it is unlikely that all traditions of burial with weapons can be explained in this way. The Anglo-Saxon weapon burial rite itself provides an important reminder that the meaning of symbols can change: in the seventh century, weapon burial in England lost its ethnic connotations and turned into a mainly social symbol of an élite who, by this stage, had become ethnically mixed.

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Archaeological discussions on prehistoric ritual are largely concerned with their material remains, including architectural debris. The first step in interpretation of such remains is their precise identification and categorization. There are numerous terms for objects and architectural remains that are widely utilized in the archaeological jargon, including, but not limited to, the terms temple, sanctuary and shrine. During almost a century of studying the Chalcolithic Ghassulian culture of the southern Le-vant, various architectural structures excavated at the sites of Teleilat Ghassul, Gilat and En Gedi have all been interpreted as temples, sanctuaries, or shrines – terms that in case of the Ghassulian culture are used as synonymous of temples. However, the actual architectural remains from these sites differ significantly and explicit definitions on what is meant by the terms used are rare. Apart from demonstrating the importance of properly defining a term in a context in which it is used, the aim of the present paper is to compare these various architectural remains, as well as various interpretations of Ghassulian society and the role the presumed temples played in them. This will be the basis for evaluating how classifying archaeological structures as temples has influenced interpretations of Ghassulian social organization.

This text comprises a critical discussion of assemblage theory and its application to burial studies. In recent research, burials have been viewed as fluid and indeterminate assemblages that 'become' in varied ways depending on different perceptions (concepts and ideas) and apparatuses (e.g. excavation tools and measuring instruments). The past and the present are thus mixed in potentially ever-new configurations which run the risk of replacing epistemological relativism with ontological fluidity. It is argued here that the hypothetical mutability of burial assemblages can be reduced significantly by addressing the varying speed and degree of the involved processes of integration and disintegration. By doing this, the main focus is shifted to the animacy of such processes and how they may have been understood and utilized in burials. Using both general and specific examples, it is argued that cremation burials can be studied as carefully compiled amalgamations that utilize the properties and animacies of different materialities to deal with death, corpses and the afterlife.

This is a proof, you can find the final version here: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0959774320000116
It is Open Access.

"Studies of industrial sites have tended to focus on purely functional understandings of their origins, layout, design and meaning. Industrial buildings have often been seen as an entity apart from other forms of post-medieval architectural expression. This is symptomatic of the isolation of industrial
archaeology, not only from the broader spectrum of archaeological thought but also from other disciplines which strive towards a deeper understanding of the development of consumer society. This paper explores the origin of the typical industrial complex, arguing that elements of medieval
cognition were retained into the 19th century."

This chapter introduces Boundary Line Type (BLT) mapping, a vector GIS based cross-culturally and diachronically comparative method, used for mapping the socio-spatial significance of urban built environments. This new research method is related to other methods currently used to study contemporary as well as historical urban built environments such as urban morphology, space syntax, and GIS based approaches. BLT mapping uses GIS technology in order to apply an ontology of formal boundary conceptualisations expressing the constitutive differences among the materially constructed subdivisions which shape built environments and are inhabited by urban society. This ontology resulted from a firm socio-spatial theoretical grounding (Vis in Sp Flows: Int J Urb ExtraUrb Stud 2(4): 15–29, 2013a; Vis 2013b; Vis in J Borderland Stud, forthcoming) and is here operationalised on the basis of contemporary, historical, historically reconstructed, and archaeological ground-level city plans of the historic city of Winchester (UK) and Chunchucmil (Classic Maya, Mexico). The research processes of data preparation and the analytical mapping of BLTs by identifying them in empirical data contexts are presented. This alerts the prospective user to the challenges and practical measures involved in using spatial datasets of different origin. The interpretive opportunities of the resultant formal redescription of the urban landscape and the potential of the BLT data structure for both advanced spatial analysis and visualisation is explained. Facilitating this interpretive and analytical mapping practice is expected to stimulate future research to systematically explore societyspace relations as manifest and developing in cities over time and in socioculturally contrasting urban traditions. Devising and conducting this methodology advances the qualitative GIS research agenda for the spatial humanities and social sciences by marrying theoretically informed ideational concepts to quantifiable empirical units of information.

Das Ziel dieses Kurses ist die Darstellung der Entwicklung von Theorien in den beiden Disziplinen
Ägyptologie und Archäologie. Eine detaillierte Übersicht und Diskussion verschiedener theoretischer
Ansätze (kulturhistorische, prozessuale, postprozessuale, mikro- und symmetrische Archäologie) sowie
Paradigmen im Hintergrund (z. B Kulturkreislehre, Neopositivismus, Strukturalismus, Poststrukturalismus,
Feminismus, Postkolonialismus, Akteur-Netzwerk-Theorie) stehen dabei im Mittelpunkt.
Im Kurs wird der historischen Kontextualisierung verschiedener Theorien in der Archäologie besondere
Aufmerksamkeit gewidmet. Der Dozent wird die Themen einführen, im Detail werden sie in Referaten
der Studierenden diskutiert. Die Aufgabe der Studierenden ist es, sich durch Lesen der Texte zu
einem bestimmten Thema für Diskussion vorzubereiten und daran aktiv zu beteiligen. Als allgemeine
Vorbereitung für den Kurs sollten die Studierenden die Hauptliteratur gelesen haben.

Literatur:
Hauptliteratur:
Johnson, M. 2011. Archaeological Theory: An Introduction. Oxford: Willey-Blackwell.
Trigger, B. 1989. A History of Archaeological Thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Eggert, M. K. H, und Veit, U. (Hrsg.) 2013. Theorie in der Archäologie. Zur jüngeren Diskussion in Deutschland.
Tübinger Archäologische Taschenbücher 10. Münster: Waxmann.
Besonders für Ägyptologen/innen:
Carruthers, W. (Hrsg.) 2014. Histories of Egyptology: Interdisciplinary Measures. London und New York: Routledge.

Verbovsek, A., Backes, B., und Jones, C. (Hrsg.) 2011. Methodik und Didaktik in der Ägyptologie. Herausforderungen
eines kulturwissenschaftlichen Paradigmenwechsels in den Altertumswissenschaften. Ägyptologie
und Kulturwissenschaft 4. München: Wilhelm Fink.
Zusätzliche Literatur:
Biehl, P. F., Gramsch, A., und Marciniak, A. (Hrsg) 2002. Archäologien Europas. Geschichte, Methoden und
Theorien. Tübinger Archäologische Taschenbücher 3. Münster: Waxmann.

For the last six years I engaged in a series of activities with the Wajãpi, a Tupian people living in the extreme North of Brazil, in the Amazon forest. As soon as we started field work, many archaeological sites were registered. It didn´t take me long, though, to realize that there was much more to know about material remains of the past, as seen from a Wajãpi point of view. Following the Wajãpi mode of knowledge regarding the past and its traces, I aimed to unveil processes of engagement and meaning with material past, which are analogous to archaeology.  I argue that we should experiment more with the idea that “we are all archaeologist”, both as means of critique towards disciplinary knowledge production, and as means to perceive other modes of knowledge.

This paper aims are simply a polemic against Romanization.. To answer questions regarding the present  understanding of the term Romanization. To explain the colonialist roots or origins it has and to diacritically explore where the debate has to move. The paper offers New Materialist perspectives. This paper critiques Journals of Archaeological Science and other articles whom continually litter our academic community with the plague or Romanization and even propagate it's continued use. This debate should end because it is holistically dogmatic.This paper sets out a new platform of methods for archaeologists and anthropologists who study cultural hybridity through analysis of objects to set foot in.

To put it simply this paper is a rejection of Romanization and a propagation in favour of using globalization as a theoretical concept for discussing the Roman world. This paper is an unpublished piece of work I wrote in my spare time to reconsider the historiographical context of the colonial term and approaches we should be taking to discuss the Roman world.

During the 19th century, sublime depictions of North American mounds captivated Euro-American colonists and Romantic travelers. Settlers frequently embedded farms and homesteads into the material fabric of these Indigenous ruins across the American Bottom region and surrounding uplands, uncovering traces of antiquity in the process. Focusing on the Emerald mound site and broader mound discourses, I examine how material intimacies underlying this 19th-century phenomenon periodically corrupted Romantic sensibilities. Specifically, I highlight aspects of archival and spatial data that capture fleeting moments when mound intercourse generated uncanny affects and queer temporalities. I argue that in moments when uncanny affects haunted colonial homes, Indigenous histories queered the tense of settler colonialism.

The debate over the origins, function and date of the round towers of Ireland has been ongoing for a number of centuries. However, the majority of discussion has focused on their dating and possible continental origins, with little discussion of their function, symbolic significance, role in the exercise of medieval social power and the social relations behind their construction.  They were not based on some pre-existing continental model, from Ravenna or elsewhere.  They were not places of refuge as popular culture would have us believe, and it is argued here, as elsewhere, that these towers served as bell towers, although this does not preclude multi-functionality, the towers may well have served as reliquaries and storage areas.  Christianity has always been a highly symbolic religion whose adherents are often highly adept manipulators of symbols.  The possible role of sacred numbers in their planning and construction are discussed, in addition to the symbolic and ritual role of circularity itself.  Round towers were and remain highly conspicuous monuments in the landscape, with an important role in the materialisation of social power relations, with the role of patronage by those controlling military, economic and political power resources in their construction particularly important.

A proposal to use DNA sampling in Late Bronze Age peculiar sepultures in Europe to see if a pandemic could have been a factor in the much debated 'Bronze Age Collapse', via severe migrations caused by a specific volcanic explosion, Hekla 3.
Observations from various previous research, rendered actual by today's pandemic.

A draft opened for 21 days as a session on academia, seen by 207 in the period, a debate with 73 participants generating 30 comments partially included in this last version.

The present text concerns the social implications of the material world, focusing on the sociality of materialities rather than their possible meaning and symbolism. It is argued that the interpretative approach only permit things and objects to be active within a conscious human discourse. It is suggested that archaeology would benefit from approaching materialities from a less humanocentric perspective and acknowledge a greater variety of ways in which materialities are involved in the structurating process of society. This, however, does not imply that the material world is equal to the human in terms of agency, nor does it suggest a symmetrical relationship between the living and the material. What is socially significant in the material context, and to which degree, is something that needs to be considered in each given case. A second issue concerned is the construction of models or fictions that we employ in our analysis of socio-material worlds. Given the great importance of such fictions for the outcome of our studies they need to be thoroughly discussed, and, considering that we might expect to encounter practices and ways of thinking that is no longer represented in contemporary societies, a creative element is also called for.

This course provides an introduction to the archaeology of North America. We will explore alternative histories and decolonizing practices that promote a more diverse and inclusive archaeology. We will also examine how the practice of archaeology in North America has changed since its early days while exploring how recent social movements have led to a more ethically committed archaeological practice. This course is designed to challenge students to examine the past to better understand the present though socially engaged perspectives, such as: Black Lives Matter, feminism, gender, queer theory, indigenous archaeology, and multivocality. African diaspora, racism, colonialism, NAGPRA, and repatriation will also be discussed. We will cover a large time-frame, from the initial peopling of the Americas to the present day. Furthermore, the topics we will cover include: environmental archaeology, foodways, childhood, fieldwork, dating methods, interpretation, materiality, everyday life, ethnoarchaeology, experimental archaeology, warfare, and the archaeology of California. By the end of the course, students will have a better understanding of the dynamic theories and methods of North American archaeology, and will be capable of critically reflecting upon how to conduct archaeology within a decolonizing framework. One of the greatest values of studying the past is the awareness we gain of ourselves and the present world by assessing our own and others' experiences, and by evaluating how our own background and beliefs may color our interpretations of the past.

"In archaeology, biotic phenomena (e.g. human behaviour) must be inferred from a-biotic traces, requiring the process model to be conceptually unified. This unification has been prevented by dualistic ontologies that conceive humans and their purported unique traits as epi-phenomena, ontologically separated from their environment. The resulting encapsulation of phenomena within separate theoretical fields is proposed to be the source of our inability to apply evolutionary theory in archaeology.
The symptoms manifest as ontological deletion, isolation or “freezing“ of the organism within  explanatory models, consequently, processes that span the divide for example those that include both biotic and a-biotic components such as technology or culture, have been impossible to integrate with evolutionary theory. "

Vor einigen Jahren, auf einer langen Busfahrt von der Peloponnes nach Athen, gab ein Gespräch mit meinem späteren Doktorvater über die Perspektiven der theoretischen Archäologie in Deutschland den Anstoß zur Entstehung des vorliegenden Werkes. Die Frage nach einer Methodik zur Nachweisbarkeit von Migrationen in der Prähistorie sollte zunächst Gegenstand einer Magisterarbeit werden, aber schon bald zeichnete sich ab, dass eine solches Thema in größeren Dimensionen behandelt werden musste. So schlummerte das Vorhaben eine kleine Weile, um dann schließlich Gestalt anzunehmen in Form einer Dissertation, die ich im Jahre 2002 bei der Fakultät für Altertumswissenschaften und Orientalistik der Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg einreichte. Das vorliegende Buch stellt eine leicht überarbeitete und aktualisierte Version dieser Doktorarbeit dar. Zur Entstehung dieser Arbeit haben viele Personen beigetragen, ohne deren Hilfe und Rat manches Problem ungelöst und viele Fragen offen geblieben wären. Daher möchte ich an dieser Stelle einer Reihe von Menschen danken, ohne deren besondere Anregungen, Auskünfte, Vorschläge und hilfreiche Unterstützung diese Abhandlung nicht hätte geschrieben werden können: Mein größter Dank gilt meinem Doktorvater Herrn Prof. J. Maran, der mir während der zurückliegenden Jahre stets mit Rat und Tat zur Seite stand, und meinen Eltern, die mich in allem, was Studium und Arbeit angingen, stets unterstützt haben. Weiterhin schulde ich und vielen ungenannten Kollegen und Kommilitonen Dank für Ratschläge und viele Antworten auf meine Fragen. Für Unterstützung bei der Bildverarbeitung danke ich Herrn Andreas Beckstein, Bonn und Herrn T. Link, M.A., Heidelberg. Weiterhin sei den beiden Korrekturleserinnen, Frau K. Fischer, M.A., und meiner Frau Ruth für ihre aufopferungsvolle Arbeit gedankt. Ich danke der Studienstiftung des Deutschen Volkes für ihre großzügige finanzielle Unterstützung, die überhaupt die Vorraussetzung schuf, die vorliegende Arbeit zu schreiben. Düsseldorf, im September 2004 Roland Prien

In burial archaeology, approaches based on symbolism and structuration theory represent a considerable theoretical advance over the positivism of German traditionalist and Anglo-American processual archaeology because they take better account of the nature of burial data. The key point to understanding the latter is the ritual context in which burial data are created, resulting in their conceptual and selective (or 'intentional') character. It is this intentionality which represents the greatest problem for the interpretation of data recovered from burial contexts by archaeological means. But it also implies an opportunity to infer elements of conceptual life and ideology from burial evidence.

Burials are not 'mirrors of life': if anything, they are a 'hall of mirrors of life' (Zerrspiegel des Lebens) providing distorted reflections of the past - and the greatest challenge of burial archaeology is to identify in each case the degree of distortion, as well as attempt to infer the reasons for the distortion.

Ova monografija je štampana uz finansijsku pomoć Ministarstva prosvete, nauke i tehnološkog razvoja Republike Srbije u okviru projekta Vojvođanski prostor u kontekstu evropske istorije ISBN: 978-86-6065-521-1 NAPOMENA O AUTORSKOM PRAVU: Nijedan deo ove publikacije ne može se preštampavati, reprodukovati ili upotrebiti u bilo kom obliku bez pisanog odobrenja autora, kao nosioca autorskog prava.