Time Use

In this paper a new pedestrian mobility model for outdoor scenarios is presented. It captures realistic features like moving-in-groups, conscious traveling and smart traveling. The routing algorithm proposed within the model works under a step by step approach, leading users to their destination while, at the same time, using more attractable streets from a pedestrian point of view. The model concept is perfectly generic and applicable to any pedestrian outdoor scenario, provided that the street database and pedestrian traffic information is available. The mobility model was validated using Lisbon's downtown as a case study. The output shows a high correlation between simulated and real data, thus validating the approach.

Using seven waves of data, collected twice a year from the 8th through the 11th grades in a low-resource community in Cape Town, South Africa, we aimed to describe the developmental trends in three specific leisure experiences (leisure boredom, new leisure interests, and healthy leisure) and substance use (cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana) behaviors and to investigate the ways in which changes in leisure experiences predict changes in substance use behaviors over time. Results indicated that adolescents’ substance use increased significantly across adolescence, but that leisure experiences remained fairly stable over time. We also found that adolescent leisure experiences predicted baseline substance use and that changes in leisure experiences predicted changes in substance use behaviors over time, with leisure boredom emerging as the most consistent and strongest predictor of alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use. Implications for interventions that target time use and leisure ex...

A new and direct procedure for the selective formation of para-iodotoluene from toluene is demonstrated for the first time using iodine monochloride (ICl) as the iodinating agent and zeolite H-beta as the catalyst. Zeolite H-beta and H.K-L are found to be more para-selective compared to other zeolite catalysts and the conventional catalysts, H2SO4 and SiO2. In the presence of a solvent (nitrobenzene) the conversion of ICl increases and the formation of side products (chlorotoluenes) decreases. The probable mechanism for the formation of iodotoluenes and some amount of chlorotoluenes involves the electrophilic attack of toluene by I+ and Cl+, respectively.

L'objectiu de la tesi doctoral es estudiar la importancia del temps com a factor de benestar quotidia en el context de la societat contemporania. Mes concretament, es proposa analitzar la creixent vinculacio del temps amb el benestar a partir de les relacions socials que s'estableixen entorn del treball. Quina es l'aportacio dels diferents temps de treball al benestar o que es percep socialment com a benestar son dos dels interrogants de partida. La perspectiva teorica proposada per abordar aquest objecte d'estudi pivota sobre tres eixos. En primer lloc, es proposa un canvi d'enfocament en la concepcio del benestar: un canvi que suposa el pas del benestar material al benestar quotidia, el pas d'una aproximacio macro a una aproximacio micro vers aquest concepte. Aquest canvi es caracteritza per l'ampliacio de la perspectiva economica i productivista que sovint s'utilitza per definir i mesurar el benestar. En aquest sentit, la tesi defensa l'us d&#3...

The project itself, as well as key findings of Serbia Population Daily Time Use survey shall be presented in the following text. The author led the project in December, 2008, which was conducted by TNS Medium Gallup and Faculty for Culture and Media, Belgrade. This self-completion diary based survey comprised the sample of 1600 respondents, representing population of Serbia aged 12 and over. An average Serbian citizen spends 32% of his/her daily time sleeping, the survey reveals, 30% performing his/her everyday activities and duties (at work, housework, studying, personal care and meal), 19% is allocated to the media, 9% to leisure time (no media included), and 11% for other activities that cannot be grouped under any other previously mentioned category. Television takes 55% of the total amount of time devoted to the media, radio 24%, internet 11% and the press 9%. The major part of leisure time is allocated to visits by friends and vice versa (39%), 30% is time spent in pubs and clubs and 10% reading books. In addition to this, an average citizen spends 267.8 minutes per day communicating with other persons, directly, face to face or via any other means of modern technology. Direct active communication is 34.5% of the total communication, direct passive 43.7%, indirect active 9.6% and indirect passive 12.2%. This person feels particularly good and happy 178.4 minutes per day, and 44.3 minutes rather bad and unhappy. They fell good mainly thanks to their descendants (children and grandchildren) and female population, and bad due to job related roles and non-family relations.

Slaap. Hoewel slapen en sluimeren belangrijk aspecten waren van het dagdagelijkse leven in vroegmodern Europa, weten we er omzeggens niets over. Diverse cruciale vragen (zie hieronder) blijven daarbij onbeantwoord. Roger Ekirch is zowat de enige onderzoeker die over het onderwerp letterlijk artikelen en boeken vol heeft geschreven, hoewel het thema nu ook zijdelings tussen andere onderwerpen opduikt. Door enkele van Ekirch’s uitgangspunten nog eens kritisch onder de loep te nemen – pre-industriële mensen sliepen langer, maar minder continu, tot de opkomst van artificieel licht onze slaapcultuur voorgoed veranderde – willen we het debat weer aanwakkeren. Door in te zoomen op een lokaal bronnentype (namelijk juridische verslagen) kunnen we meteen ook de publieke belangstelling voor die lokale archieven weer een duwtje in de rug geven. Het zijn immers onvermoede schatkamers om het dagelijks leven in het verleden te reconstrueren.

In this article I bring artistic production into the learning sciences conversation by using the production of representations as a bridging concept between art making and the new literacies. Through case studies with 4 youth media arts organizations across the United States I ask how organizations structure the process of producing autobiographical digital art through a focus on representational tasks and how learning can be traced by examining youth artists' representations over time. Using a distributed cognition framework I analyze data on the process of making digital art in terms of the macro and micro tasks performed in order to identify occasions for external representation construction and use across organizations. I then examine how individual youth engage in these macro and micro tasks by producing representations that demonstrate their understanding. These analyses show that youth media arts organization production processes engage young artists in a representational trajectory that begins with developing a story about the self, moves toward a focus on how the tools of the medium afford representation of that story, and culminates in digital representations that reflect an understanding of the relationship between story and tools.

Laird No. 1 lentils micronized (high-intensity infrared heat) to give internal temperatures of 138 and 170 °C were compared to unprocessed lentils stored at room temperature. Micronized lentils, which had been tempered to 33% moisture for 16 h, required less force to compress after cooking and contained increased levels of gelatinized starch and pectic substances but decreased levels of soluble protein, phytic acid, and neutral detergent fiber compared to the unprocessed lentils. Cell walls in the micronized lentil were less susceptible to fracture, and the microstructure was more open. Properties of the micronized lentils were better when the internal temperature reached 138 °C. When micronized to an internal temperature of 170 °C, cooked lentils were harder, possibly due to greater moisture losses and a change in the neutral detergent fiber. Micronization resulted in a slight darkening of the lentils, and this was accentuated at 170 °C.

Water table across much of the western Victoria, Australia have been declining for at least the last 10-15 years, and this is attributed to the consistently low rainfall for these years, but over the same period of time there has been substantial change in land use, with grazing land replaced by cropping and tree plantations appearing in some areas. Hence,

Specification tests using stochastic bottleneck models of airport congestion investigate whether dominant airlines internalize or ignore self-imposed delays at twenty-seven major US airports. Data on flight times determine the airport's landing and takeoff delays for every minute of operation during peak travel days. Dynamic congestion functions based on stochastic-queuing theory separately identify delays that aircraft experience directly, impose internally on their airline's other aircraft, or impose externally on other airlines. Specification tests largely reject internalization and fail to reject non-internalization by dominant airlines. Optimal pricing should value all time using non-dominant aircraft time values and treat all delays as external.