Vulnerability assessment

Technical security metrics provide measurements in ensuring the effectiveness of technical security controls or technology devices/objects that are used in protecting the information systems. However, lack of understanding and method to develop the technical security metrics may lead to unachievable security control objectives and inefficient implementation. This paper proposes a model of technical security metrics to measure the effectiveness of network security management. The measurement is based on the security performance for (1) network security controls such as firewall, Intrusion Detection Prevention System (IDPS), switch, wireless access point and network architecture; and (2) network services such as Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) and virtual private network (VPN). The methodology used is Plan-Do-Check-Act process model. The proposed technical security metrics provide guidance for organizations in complying with requirements of ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System (ISMS) standard. The proposed model should also be able to provide a comprehensive measurement and guide to use ISO/IEC 27004 ISMS Measurement standard.

This paper examines humanitarian assistance practices to understand how approaches followed by various actors address-or fail to address-social vulnerability to disasters. This question is addressed through a study of humanitarian responses in two disaster-affected villages of Baltistan in northern Pakistan. Through analysis of key informant interviews, semi-structured interviews with men and women, group discussions and secondary data sources, we identify how government, non-governmental and faith-based organisations understand and seek to address underlying socio-political processes that define vulnerability. We analyse how knowledges and practices serve to legitimise authority relations between and among humanitarian organisations and local populations. The paper finds that a simplistic understanding of vulnerability-that people with higher losses are more vulnerable and deserve more assistance in comparison to those who suffer lower losses-tends to favour well-off people, as the...

In Santiago de Chile, the combination of recent urbanization patterns, the growing demand for land, and climate change has created challenges, notably in terms of the amplification of hazard generation and hazard exposure. This paper analyses the changes in land use/land cover, their impact on current flood and heat hazards, and the consequences for dwelling exposure. It adopts a hazard and exposure assessment approach to flood and heat hazard that allows for evaluation of the interlinkages and consequences of interweaving processes of urbanization and climate change in the Metropolitan Region of Santiago de Chile. The results clearly show that loss of green spaces and agricultural land to built-up areas goes hand in hand with the loss of important infiltration, cooling and retention areas, all of which leads to greater hazard exposure. The paper furthermore analyses the exposed population in terms of their material housing conditions. Surprisingly, those who are more likely to live in hazard-prone areas cannot be described exclusively as "the poor", albeit there are striking differences between flood and heat exposure.

The transformation of the European infrastructure creates considerable system security challenges. GRID is a joint effort of six European research organizations to achieve consensus on the key issues involved by ICT related vulnerabilities of power systems in view of theses challenges. GRID has recently issued a preliminary Road Map for future research in the area, grounded on a survey on the position of the European industrial and research communities. The survey assessed the challenges raised and the research needs in this perspective. This paper reviews the conception process for the Road Map and provides motivations for the way it is structured. It also overviews the three areas of investigation of the Road Map: understanding the impact of risk and adapting society and organisations, developing risk and vulnerability assessment and upgrading control architectures. The focus is on the needs and the challenges within each area and the main objectives of the Road Map.

The study evaluates the impacts of flash flood (especially 2017 massive flash flood) and explores prevailing adaptation strategies taken by haor inhabitants to subdue the impact. Primary data were collected through field visit, questionnaire survey, FGD and KII. A purposive random sampling method was applied for selecting 350 households from 10villages located in and around Tanguar Haor. The inhabitants of low-lying haor areas are extremely vulnerable to flash flood. Their coping mechanism has been strictly curved by a number of social, economic, and political factors, leading to vicious circle of debt and poverty to mohajon (money lender) and micro credit institution, perennial marginalization from haor resources by influential groups and subsequent dependency on wealthy neighbors or relatives. The haor indigent community lives with flood, suffers a loss of income and living, confronts it with food shortage and malnutrition, and survives with the circumstances by bearing considerable debt with high interest rates. This vicious circle of debt, resource loss and poverty act as a dynamic force towards their long-lasting paucity and vulnerabilities, which curve their capability to get ready, take action, and recuperate from subsequent floods, as well as any other disasters. Government should formulate combined and effectual haor management and flood management policy and implemented suitably to shield lives and livelihoods of haor inhabitants.

The earthquake of the 9th of July 1998 that hit in the central group of the Azores archipelago greatly affected the islands of Faial, Pico and São Jorge, reaching a magnitude of Mw 6.2 with the epicentre located about 15km northeast of the Faial Island. This earthquake allowed the collection of an unprecedented quantity of data concerning the characterisation of the building stock and the damage suffered by construction. This is the main purpose of this research, consisting essentially of three main aspects: (i) A detailed characterisation of the building stock, assigning a five category classification, from old traditional rubble stone masonry to reinforced concrete moment framed buildings; (ii) A detailed damage grade classification based on the different damage mechanisms observed; and, (iii) A seismic vulnerability assessment of the building stock. The results of the vulnerability assessment together with the building stock database and damage classification were integrated into a GIS tool, allowing the spatial visualation of damage scenarios, which is potentially useful for the planning of emergency response strategies and retrofitting priorities to mitigate and manage seismic risk.

Medical training devices are becoming increasingly dependent on technology creating opportunities that are inherently conducive to security breaches. Previous medical device research has focused on individual device security breaches and the technical aspects involved with these breaches. This research examines the viability of breaching a production deployed medical training mannequin. The results of the proof of concept research indicate that it is possible to breach a medical training mannequin in a live environment. The research contribution is an initial empirical analysis of the viability of compromising a medical training mannequin along with providing the foundation for future research.

iii-iv References 277-308 iv Abstract When we are confronted with vulnerable people, with those groups and individuals who are impaired with respect to their ability to function as the rational, autonomous and moral agents that we typically take humans to be, we are encouraged to invoke notions of rights, and in particular notions of human rights, in order to secure their care and protection. Such an approach seeks not simply to reinforce the view that vulnerable people are the moral equivalents of us all and thus are entitled to an equal moral consideration, but also this approach recognises that to be vulnerable is often to be unable to assert and secure a standard of existence we think appropriate for all humans to enjoy. And whilst human rights may be regarded as having a variety of roles or purposes, nevertheless, the care and protection function, what I refer to as the task of moral rescue, is somehow crucial to the concept. Any notion of human rights that failed to offer protection to those in danger or to those at risk of harm or neglect or abuse, no matter what other benefits it promised or conferred, would be seen as both morally negligent and intellectually impoverished.

An empirical study that examines the usage of known vulnerable statements in software systems developed in C/C++ and used for IoT is presented. The study is conducted on 18 open source systems comprised of millions of lines of code and containing thousands of files. Static analysis methods are applied to each system to determine the number of unsafe commands (e.g., strcpy, strcmp, and strlen) that are well-known among research communities to cause potential risks and security concerns, thereby decreasing a system's robustness and quality. These unsafe statements are banned by many companies (e.g., Microsoft). The use of these commands should be avoided from the start when writing code and should be removed from legacy code over time as recommended by new C/C++ language standards. Each system is analyzed and the distribution of the known unsafe commands is presented. Historical trends in the usage of the unsafe commands of 7 of the systems are presented to show how the studied systems evolved over time with respect to the vulnerable code. The results show that the most prevalent unsafe command used for most systems is memcpy, followed by strlen. These results can be used to help train software developers on secure coding practices so that they can write higher quality software systems.

The research develops in the context of processes of sustainable adaptive reuse on urban scale. The document proposes a participatory methodological approach that, integrating interviews with privileged interlocutors and performance analysis of settlement processes, is used as an investigative tool in the phase of knowledge of the reuse project. The outcome is embodied in the elaboration of a vulnerability matrix that integrates the needs of the social system with the limits of transformability of the settlement system. This approach was used in the case study of Via Pugliano in Ercolano (Italy), characterized by the second hand economy linked to processes of re-use of fabrics. In this case, the adoption of multi-actors participatory process determined the identification of a framework of shared needs based on which it was possible to construct alternative scenarios of sustainable adaptive reuse. The goal integrates the physical, social and economic values expressed by local community.

So far, however, the processes and mechanisms necessary for implementing the recommendations of these assessments at local levels have received relatively little attention. This is partly because of the conventional disconnection between conducting research and putting the results into practice (Whitten et al., 2001), which is compounded by funding mechanisms that focus on either research or capacity building, but rarely on both. Cutting edge research assessments may therefore have little impact on improving the situation of the intended local beneficiaries if there is insufficient attention given to strengthening linkages between research and practice at local levels or using the research process as a mechanism for enhancing uptake of its findings. This paper explores how participatory research that engages with a large number of local people as co-learners can foster capacity building within communities, generating the skills and motivation for more effective management of change (Kindon et al., 2007). Research to assess vulnerability is essential for building more sustainable societies (Fazey et al., 2007a; Folke et al., 2005; Kates et al., 2001). There are many types of vulnerability assessment that can contribute to developing more effective adaptation policies

The ''PTVAM'' tsunami vulnerability assessment model [Papathoma and Dominey-Howes: 2003, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. 3, 733-744; Papathoma et al.: 2003, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. 3, 377-389], like all models, requires validation. We use the results from posttsunami surveys in the Maldives following the December 26, 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami to 'evaluate' the appropriateness of the PTVAM attributes to understanding spatial and temporal vulnerability to tsunami damage and loss. We find that some of the PTVAM attributes are significantly important and others moderately important to understanding and assessing vulnerability. Some attributes require further investigation. Based upon the ground-truth data, we make several modifications to the model framework and propose a revised version of the PTVAM (PTVAM 2).

El concepto de sustentabilidad de los asentamientos humanos implica la exigencia de que las actividades de producción del medio ambiente construido sean perdurables en el largo plazo y minimicen la afectación del medio ambiente natural. Si bien en los países desarrollados existen argumentos sólidos para reducir las actividades de construcción mediante el reuso de edificaciones existentes, en lugar de desarrollar nuevas construcciones, no es posible utilizar ese expediente para asegurar un futuro sustentable, particularmente en el mundo en desarrollo. Y, de todas formas, las actividades de construcción siempre producirán algunos cambios irreversibles en el medio ambiente natural. Robert Solow, 1 Premio Nobel de Economía 1987, señaló que la sustenta-bilidad (o sostenibilidad) debe significar algo más que la sola preservación de los recursos naturales y que, para mantener la capacidad de atender las necesidades de las futuras generaciones, hay que ocuparse del capital total de la sociedad, tomando en cuenta las posibilidades de intercambio entre capital natural y otras formas de capital, como el capital construido. Un aspecto esencial del desarrollo sostenible es que el stock total de capital fijo-el natural más el producido por el hombre-no disminuya a lo largo del tiempo. La construcción de vi-viendas y otras edificaciones usa capital natural, a través de la explotación de canteras, conversión de tierras, polución atmosférica, etc., pero lo compensa incrementando el stock de capital producido que permanecerá para las futuras generaciones. Los materiales con los que estos componentes del capital fijo han sido construidos estarán disponibles en el futuro, aunque de una forma parcial. Este capital hecho por el hombre es creado para compensar la pérdida de capital natural. 2 Lo planteado por Solow parte de la convicción de que las construcciones de los hu-manos son en sí perdurables, lo que no es cierto en el mundo en desarrollo, donde más del 50% de las construcciones son improvisadas por la gente; y buena parte de las construcciones públicas son también de precaria calidad, mala praxis que se justifica con el argumento de reducción de costos. De hecho, viviendas populares, escuelas, hospitales, carreteras y puentes han sido masivamente afectados en casi todas las catástrofes del mundo en desarrollo. En realidad, la sustentabilidad de los asentamientos humanos es multifocal, pues ellos deben ser sostenibles política-social, económica, física-técnica y ambientalmente. Aquí sólo mencionaré algunas de las acciones que determinan esta múltiple sustentabilidad. 3 Política-social: Potenciar el rol estratégico del Poder Nacional y la descentralización de la gestión de los programas; concentrar el esfuerzo del Poder Público en los sec-tores más débiles; establecer una normativa y regulaciones simples y estimulantes; mayor participación democrática, libre de populismos y autoritarismos. Económica: Lucha contra la pobreza y el desempleo; refuerzo a los factores locales de producción; adoptar formas de construcción progresiva y financiamiento de cor-to plazo; potenciar las asociaciones, convenios y consorcios entre los sectores público, privado, académico, ONG, comunidades y la propia gente. Física-técnica: Mejorar la vialidad y transporte urbano e interurbano; alargar la vida de las construcciones, es decir, construir bien desde el inicio; garantizar la calidad del espacio urbano y las construcciones; promover el reciclaje, reuso, transformación, y la deconstrucción, en lugar de la demolición; gestión integral de desechos; desarro-llar innovaciones para la producción masiva en pequeña escala; I&D sobre impactos V u l n e r a b i l i d a d y s u s T e n T a b i l i d a d de los asenTamienTos humanos alfredo cilento sarli resumen Los desastres sísmicos son sólo una de las manifestaciones del crecimiento de la vulnerabilidad y de la insustentabilidad de las ciudades del mundo en desarrollo. Las amenaza sísmica es un riesgo natural, una contingencia cuyos efectos, en buena medida, son con-secuencia de fallas e imprevisiones de los seres humanos. Desde este punto de vista no es fácil estable-cer la diferencia entre desastres naturales y provocados por el hombre, dado que, la mayor de las vulnerabilidades de las ciudades, de la mitad más pobre del mundo, es justamente la pobreza. La mayor parte de las acciones necesarias para reducir la vulnerabilidad de los asentamientos humanos, frente a los riesgos sísmicos, tsunamis, derrumbes y deslizamientos, incen-dios y explosiones, inundaciones, huracanes y otras calamidades na-turales o producidas por el hombre, tienen que ver con la necesidad de garantizar la sustentabilidad políti-ca, social, económica, tecnológica y ambiental de los asentamientos humanos. Particularmente de los asentamientos urbanos, donde ahora se concentra, en los inicios del tercer milenio, por primera vez en la historia de la humanidad, más del 50% de la población mundial. En este trabajo se plantean y analizan los factores de sustentabilidad que podrían incidir directamente en la reducción de la vulnerabilidad de los centros urbanos.

Earthquakes and tsunamis along Morocco's coasts have been reported since historical times. The threat posed by tsunamis must be included in coastal risk studies. This study focuses on the tsunami impact and vulnerability assessment of the Casablanca harbour and surrounding area using a combination of tsunami inundation numerical modelling, field survey data and geographic information system. The tsunami scenario used here is compatible with the 1755 Lisbon event that we considered to be the worst case tsunami scenario. Hydrodynamic modelling was performed with an adapted version of the Cornell Multigrid Coupled Tsunami Model from Cornell University. The simulation covers the eastern domain of the Azores-Gibraltar fracture zone corresponding to the largest tsunamigenic area in the North Atlantic. The proposed vulnerability model attempts to provide an insight into the tsunami vulnerability of building stock. Results in the form of a vulnerability map will be useful for decision makers and local authorities in preventing the community resiliency for tsunami hazards.

There is growing demand among stakeholders across public and private institutions for spatially-explicit information regarding vulnerability to climate change at the local scale. However, the challenges associated with mapping the geography of climate change vulnerability are non-trivial, both conceptually and technically, suggesting the need for more critical evaluation of this practice. Here, we review climate change vulnerability mapping in the context of four key questions that are fundamental to assessment design. First, what are the goals of the assessment? A review of published assessments yields a range of objective statements that emphasize problem orientation or decision-making about adaptation actions. Second, how is the assessment of vulnerability framed? Assessments vary with respect to what values are assessed (vulnerability of what) and the underlying determinants of vulnerability that are considered (vulnerability to what). The selected frame ultimately influences perceptions of the primary driving forces of vulnerability as well as preferences regarding management alternatives. Third, what are the technical methods by which an assessment is conducted? The integration of vulnerability determinants into a common map remains an emergent and subjective practice associated with a number of methodological challenges. Fourth, who participates in the assessment and how will it be used to facilitate change? Assessments are often conducted under the auspices of benefiting stakeholders, yet many lack direct engagement with stakeholders. Each of these questions is reviewed in turn by drawing on an illustrative set of 45 vulnerability mapping studies appearing in the literature. A number of pathways for placing vulnerability mapping on a more robust footing are also identified.

Weak linkages between health providers and slum communities hinder the improvement of health services for India's urban poor. To address this issue, an urban health programme is implementing two approaches in Indore city, Madhya Pradesh, the demand-supply linkage approach and ward coordination approach. The former is based on the premise that building social capital, i.e. norms and networks within a community facilitating collective action, helps improve the demand and supply of health services for the urban poor. The latter focuses on encouraging local stakeholders to function in a coordinated manner to ensure better health service coverage in underserved slum areas. Findings suggest that the programme has enhanced utilization of services among Indore's slum communities and helped improve immunization coverage and other maternal and child health indicators.

Sandia National Laboratories, under the direction of the Office of Science and Technology, National Institute of Justice, conducted the chemical facility vulnerability assessment (CFVA) project. The primary objective of this project was to develop, test and validate a vulnerability assessment methodology (VAM) for determining the security of chemical facilities against terrorist or criminal attacks (VAM-CF TM ). The project also included a report to the Department of Justice for Congress that in addition to describing the VAM-CF TM also addressed general observations related to security practices, threats and risks at chemical facilities and chemical transport.

Vulnerability is a multidimensional concept associated with high uncertainty in measurement and classification. Developing a vulnerability index from the diverse and often incommensurate data that form the basis of vulnerability assessments is often a core challenge of vulnerability research. Problematically, many vulnerability indices are based on the implicit or explicit assumption that each indicator of vulnerability is of equal importance. In this paper we propose a procedure to engage constructively with the inherent subjectivity and uncertainty of assigning weights to disparate indicators used in vulnerability assessments, using common tools of multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) and fuzzy logic. To illustrate our proposed methodology, we present a case study of rural livelihood vulnerability in the state of Tamaulipas, Me´xico. In our case study, we combine a livelihoods framework with MCDA to weigh household attributes according to their relative importance in driving household vulnerability. This approach requires the explicit articulation of the relationship of each indicator to the umbrella concept (vulnerability) as well as of each indicator to every other indicator. In recognition of the inherent uncertainties involved in assigning any particular unit of analysis to a specific vulnerability class, we use fuzzy logic to create the final categories of household livelihood vulnerability to climatic risk. Our analysis reveals how different structures of livelihood assets and activities contributes to household sensitivity and capacities in a region characterized by variable climatic conditions, stagnant incomes, increasing market stress and declining farm productivity.

The report provides a first theoretical setting on the concept of vulnerability, vulnerability assessment and indicators in order to identify and evaluate relevant assessment measures for the CLUVA project. It describes a set of identified indicators which serves as a starting point for selecting appropriate indicators for assessing climate related vulnerability. This is a contribution to the process of evolution of vulnerability assessment measures and to ensure a more robust and sustainable results in CLUVA. This report should therefore be seen as an initial conceptual proposition which needs to be tested empirically, peer-reviewed and discussed among experts, PhD candidates and practitioners working in the field of risk and vulnerability assessment. Only then can it be refined and fed back for further conceptual development. --

The current study aims to assess the level of socio-economic vulnerability to floods and flash-floods (FF) in the context of environmental change, as well as in relation to the mitigation measures undertaken by local authorities to cope with these phenomena.

Abstract-Today's computer systems are under relentless attack from cyber attackers armed with sophisticated vulnerability search and exploit development toolkits. To protect against such threats, we are developing FUZZBUSTER, an automated system that provides adaptive immunity against a wide variety of cyber threats. FUZZBUSTER reacts to observed attacks and proactively searches for never-before-seen vulnerabilities. FUZZBUSTER uses a suite of fuzz testing and vulnerability assessment tools to find or verify the existence of vulnerabilities. Then FUZZBUSTER conducts additional tests to characterize the extent of the vulnerability, identifying ways it can be triggered. After characterizing a vulnerability, FUZZBUSTER synthesizes and applies an adaptation to prevent future exploits.

Attacks against computer systems and the data contained within these systems are becoming increasingly frequent and evermore sophisticated. So-called “zero-day” exploits can be purchased on black markets and Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) can lead to exfiltration of data over extended periods. Organisations wishing to ensure security of their systems may look towards adopting appropriate measures to protect themselves against potential security breaches. One such measure is to hire the services of penetration testers (or “pen-tester”) to find vulnerabilities present in the organisation’s network, and provide recommendations as to how best to mitigate such risks. This paper discusses the definition and role of the modern pen-tester and summarises current standards and professional qualifications in the UK. The paper further identifies issues arising from pen-testers, highlighting differences from what is generally expected of their role in industry to what is demanded by professi...

Detailed exploration of the United States Army’s Red Team and the methodology it uses to assess the information assurance defensive posture of processes, systems or organizations in an operational military environment. This paper will explore the unique goals, methods and constraints associated with conducting information assurance red team assessments of military organizations and recommend improvements in a number of areas that currently limit the scope of some assessments and leave critical areas of the Army’s networks untested and potentially vulnerable to exploitation by malicious actors.

Despite their diversity and extreme popularity with humans, hummingbirds have received relatively little attention from a conservation standpoint. The Hummingbird Monitoring Network (HMN) was started in 2002 to address the conservation needs of this family of birds. In this initial assessment of the conservation needs for the most threatened hummingbird species, we built a composite map of all their ranges and summarized their attributes. Forty-eight species (over 14% of the family) are vulnerable, threatened, or endangered. They live at all elevations, from sea-level to 4800 m. Most rely on forests, are range-restricted, and do not use man-made habitats, such as gardens and agricultural areas. The primary habitats with the highest number of at risk species are montane evergreen forests (18 species), tropical lowland evergreen forests (8 species), and elfi n forests (6 species). Based upon the number of vulnerable, threatened, and endangered hummingbird species, the Tropical Andes and southern Mexico appear to be areas with the highest threats. This vulnerability assessment for the family of hummingbirds provides information that can help focus conservation attention in areas and habitats where the most threatened hummingbird species live.

This article aims to analyse the dimensions of vulnerability in the complex territorial ecosystem of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, considering some substantial geoethical considerations and guidelines, usefull for the resolution of crisis situation. A thematic analysis was carried out on a gathering of secondary data and testimonies. Specifically, the paper will examine the modalities by which the mitigation process of the various vulnerabilities can be realized if implemented in synergy with some geoethical key points. This could contribute to the disaster risk reduction in DRC. Therefore, this paper will ascertain how the promotion of an environmental and ethical responsibility cannot be ignored in the future. It must be recognized that social, physical, environmental, economic, cultural, institutional vulnerabilities are interwined and interdependent. So, for their resolution, an integrated and multidisciplinary approach and the adoption of strategies shared by all the national and international stakeholders and policy makers are required.

How does anybody describe the difference between simply being heard
and really being listened to? Listening is an art. When someone has
been harmed, understanding the person’s situation can be like fitting
puzzle pieces together. It means listening for how the pieces fit together.
In this report people who access support talk about how they would like
to be included in fitting the puzzle pieces together so that at the end
of the day it holds together for them. In this report we share the
recommendations those who access services have given about how
to do this every step of the Adult Support and Protection Journey.

Collana diretta da Catia GiaConi, Pier GiusePPe rossi, simone aPareCida CaPellini la collana "traiettorie inclusive" vuole dare voce alle diverse proposte di ricerca che si articolano intorno ai paradigmi dell'inclusione e della personalizzazione, per approfondire i temi relativi alle disabilità, ai Bisogni educativi Speciali, alle forme di disagio e di devianza. Si ritiene, infatti, che inclusione e personalizzazione reifichino una prospettiva efficace per affrontare la complessa situazione socioculturale attuale, garantendo un dialogo tra le diversità. i contesti in cui tale tematica è declinata sono quelli della scuola, dell'università e del mondo del lavoro. Contemporaneamente sono esplorati i vari domini della qualità della vita prendendo in esame anche le problematiche connesse con la vita familiare, con le dinamiche affettive e con il tempo libero. Una particolare attenzione inoltre sarà rivolta alle comunità educative e alle esperienze che stanno tracciando nuove piste nell'ottica dell'inclusione sociale e della qualità della vita. la collana presenta due tipologie di testi. Gli "Approfondimenti" permetteranno di mettere a fuoco i nodi concettuali oggi al centro del dibattito della comunità scientifica sia nazionale, sia internazionale. i "Quaderni Operativi", invece, documenteranno esperienze, progetti e buone prassi e forniranno strumenti di lavoro per professionisti e operatori del settore. la collana si rivolge a tutti i professionisti che, a diversi livelli, si occupano di processi inclusivi e formativi. L'opera, comprese tutte le sue parti, è tutelata dalla legge sul diritto d'autore ed è pubblicata in versione digitale con licenza Creative Commons Attribuzione-Non Commerciale-Non opere derivate 4.0 Internazionale (CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0) L'Utente nel momento in cui effettua il download dell'opera accetta tutte le condizioni della licenza d'uso dell'opera previste e comunicate sul sito https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.it Indice Introduzione, a cura di Luca Decembrotto Parte I -Un quadro teorico: il punto di vista pedagogico, sociologico e giuridico La Pedagogia come sguardo critico sul presente. Fine pena e questioni di reinserimento sociale, di Laura Cavana Educare e rieducare a un nuovo sentire tra corporeità, etica ed estetica. Uno sguardo attento alle fragilità sociali, di Rita Casadei Una progettualità inclusiva oltre la detenzione. Riflessioni pedagogiche, di Luca Decembrotto L'empowerment come strumento di ri-abilitazione con il coinvolgimento della comunità, di Alessandro Tolomelli Il rientro in società: nodi critici nell'analisi delle traiettorie di uscita dal penitenziario, di Alvise Sbraccia Genere e vulnerabilità dentro e oltre la pena, di Giulia Fabini Giustizia riparativa e carcere: un'occasione di riflessione verso il ritorno in società?, di Susanna Vezzadini pag. 5 » 11 » 25 » 40 » 54 » 67 » 82 » 99 La Pedagogia come sguardo critico sul presente. Fine pena e questioni di reinserimento sociale di Laura Cavana*

Transportasi laut merupakan salah satu sektor yang berperan dalam pembangunan nasional, yang melayani bongkar muat barang/produk maupun mengantarkan penumpang melalui pelabuhan. Salah satu prioritas dari pelayanan transportasi laut adalah ketepatan dalam pengiriman yang menjadi salah satu tolak ukur keberhasilan layanan pelabuhan. Penyelenggaraan pelabuhan di Indonesia diampu oleh beberapa pihak salah satunya adalah BUMN, yang dalam sektor ini adalah PT (Persero) Pelabuhan Indonesia (Pelindo). BUMN memiliki Peraturan Menteri BUMN RI Nomor PER-02/MBU/02/2018 tentang prinsip Tata Kelola Teknologi Informasi yang harus diikuti oleh semua BUMN termasuk PT (Persero) Pelabuhan Indonesia. Sedangkan penerapan sistem manajemen informasi berbasis teknologi informasi di Pelindo masih dalam pengembangan. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan proses assessment, baik risk assessment maupun vulnerability assessment secara berkala untuk membantu perbaikan tata kelola Teknologi Informasi (TI). Namun mengingat jumlah perusahan dan anak perusahaan PT (Persero) Pelabuhan Indonesia cukup banyak maka perlu dibangun suatu sistem IT assessment center untuk membantu mempermudah pelaksanaan assessment serta monitoring oleh BUMN untuk seluruh perusahan dan anak perusahaan PT (Persero) Pelabuhan Indonesia. Serta dapat dilakukan information sharing antar perusahaan PT (Persero) Pelabuhan Indonesia. Dalam pembangunan sistem IT Assessment Center tersebut agar sesuai dengan rencana dan target yang diharapkan, maka diperlukan suatu manajemen proyek yang meliputi proses inisiasi, planning, executing, monitoring, dan closing. Serta melibatkan stakeholder yang terlibat pada kemanfaatan dan fungsi dari sistem IT Assessment Center tersebut.

Kata kunci : Pelindo, Risk Assessment, Vulnerability Asessment, IT Assessment Center, manajemen proyek

Terrestrial ecosystems provide a number of vital services for people and society, such as biodiversity, food, fibre, water resources, carbon sequestration, and recreation. The future capability of ecosystems to provide these services is determined by changes in socio-economic characteristics, land use, biodiversity, atmospheric composition and climate. Most published impact assessments do not address the vulnerability of the human-environment system under such environmental change. They cannot answer important multidisciplinary policy relevant questions such as: which are the main regions or sectors that are vulnerable to global change? How do the vulnerabilities of two regions compare? Which scenario is the least, or most, harmful for a given region or sector?

Storms, floods, fires, tsunamis, earthquakes, tornadoes, and other disasters seem not only more frequent but also closer to home. As the world faces this onslaught, we have placed our faith in “sustainable development,” which promises that we can survive and even thrive in the face of climate change and other risks. Yet while claiming to “go green,” we have instead created new risks, continued to degrade nature, and failed to halt global warming.

Unnatural Disasters offers a new perspective on our most pressing environmental and social challenges, revealing the gaps between abstract concepts like sustainability, resilience, and innovation and the real-world experiences of people living at risk. Gonzalo Lizarralde explains how the causes of disasters are not natural but all too human: inequality, segregation, marginalization, colonialism, neoliberalism, racism, and unrestrained capitalism. He tells the stories of Latin American migrants, Haitian earthquake survivors, Canadian climate activists, African slum dwellers, and other people resisting social and environmental injustices around the world. Lizarralde shows that most reconstruction and risk-reduction efforts exacerbate social inequalities. Some responses do produce meaningful changes, but they are rarely the ones powerful leaders have in mind.

This book reveals how disasters have become both the causes and consequences of today’s most urgent challenges and proposes achievable solutions to save a planet at risk, emphasizing the power citizens hold to change the current state of affairs.

Les échelles d’évaluation sont utilisées dans le cadre des soins aux personnes âgées. Elles sont utiles pour estimer la charge de travail, les besoins en termes de ressources, la dépendance ou l’autonomie du patient, ou ses besoins. Le grand nombre de girolles existantes donne une indication de la difficulté à mesurer ce que l’on veut évaluer. Quelles sont les implications de l’utilisation des ces échelles ? L’interrogation de certains concepts utilisés couramment, mais qui sont loin d’être clarifiés – tels que l’autonomie, la dépendance, la déficience, l’incapacité – sera une première étape. Ensuite, nous verrons comment peuvent être comprises l’interdépendance, la vulnérabilité et la responsabilité dans le cadre de soins aux personnes âgées.

The study aims to assess the vulnerability of farmers in cassava growing areas of Lower Apayao. Specifically, it is intended to: a. determine the degree of exposure to climate change hazards of the cassava growing communities in Apayao; determine the biophysical and socioeconomic sensitivity to climate change of the cassava growing communities; determine the adaptive capacity of the cassava growing communities to climate change; and determine the vulnerability index and resilience of the cassava growing communities to climate change.

Little is known about the vulnerability to landslides, despite landslides causing frequent and widespread damage to the population and the built-up environment in many areas of the world. Lack of information about vulnerability to landslides limits our ability to determine landslide risk. This paper provides information on the vulnerability of buildings and roads to landslides in Umbria, central Italy. Information on 103 landslides of the slide and slide-earth flow types that have resulted in damage to buildings and roads at 90 sites in Umbria is used to establish dependencies between the area of the landslide and the vulnerability to landslides. The dependencies obtained are applied in the hills surrounding the town of Collazzone, in central Umbria, an area for which a detailed landslide inventory map is available. By exploiting the landslide inventory and the established vulnerability curves, the geographical distribution of the vulnerability to landslides is mapped and statistics of the expected damage are calculated. Reliability and limits of the vulnerability thresholds and of the obtained vulnerability assessment are discussed.

The karst environment is one of the most challenging in terms of groundwater, engineering and environmental issues. Geophysical methods can provide useful subsurface information in karst regions concerning, for instance, hazard estimation or groundwater exploration and vulnerability assessment. However, a karst area remains a very difficult environment for any geophysical exploration; selection of the best-suited geophysical method is not always straightforward, due to the highly variable and unpredictable target characteristics. The state of the art is presented, in terms of the contributions made by geophysical methods to karst-system exploration, based on extensive analysis of the published scientific results. This report is an overview and should be used as a preliminary methodological approach, rather than a guideline.

Many people live in rural areas in tropical regions. Rural development is not merely a contribution to the growth of individual countries. It can be a way to reduce poverty and to increase access to water, health care, and ducation. Sustainable rural development can also help stop deforestation and reduce live-stock, which generate most of the greenhouse gas emissions. However, efforts to achieve a sustainable rural development are often thwarted by oods, drought, heat waves, and hurricanes, which local communities are not very prepared to tackle. Agricultural practices and local planning are still not very risk-informed. These deficiencies are particularly acute in tropical regions, where many Least Developed Countries are located and where there is, however, great potential for rural development. This Special Issue contains 22 studies on best practices for risk awareness; on local risk reduction; on several cases of soil depletion, water pollution, and sustainable access to safe water; and on agronomy, earth sciences,
ecology, economy, environmental engineering, geomatics, materials science, and spatial and regional planning in 12 tropical countries.

This paper presents the comparison and analysis of vulnerabilities in modern Windows operating systems. Modern tools available on the Internet have been used in order to provide evidence regarding vulnerabilities in most Windows OS including Windows XP and 10. Two scanning methods are realized with three vulnerability scanners. Results derived from measurement comparisons, present the capabilities of each scanner exposing the plethora of vulnerabilities and the effectiveness of the released service packs patching the operating systems’ flaws. A comparison between different vulnerability scanners is introduced and conclusions are presented.

This study presents a largely indicator-based assessment of past and projected climate change, impacts and the associated vulnerabilities of and risks to ecosystems, agriculture, water recourses, forestry, bioclimatic conditions, human health and society in the RM, based on a wide range of observations and different model simulations. It identifies regions that are experiencing particularly severe climate change impacts. The principal sources of uncertainty for the indicators and modelling results are discussed and, where appropriate, reflected in the assessments.
The indicators included in this study are based on many different information sources. As a result, they cover different past and future time periods, and information is presented at different levels of regional aggregation. This report compiles information from a wide variety of data and information sources. It builds on, among others, on the recommendations of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, but a substantial amount of information that became available afterwards has also been included.While this study is not meant to be a comprehensive overview of all aspects of climate change impact on the RM’s economy it does reflect the breadth and depth of researches that had been done in the RM to date, and it provides a link between a global phenomenon and the sectors development issues facing the country. The researches and analysis in this study indicates that, while climate change is likely to pose serious threats to development in the RM, it also has the potential to bring opportunities.

The Philippines is considered as a climate “hotspot” and is widely regarded as one of the world’s most disaster-prone countries reflecting both its high incidence of natural hazard events and significant vulnerability. Due to its geography and geology, it is among the top ten most affected countries both in terms of fatalities and economic losses as a result of the quantified impacts of extreme weather events. In this country, hydro-meteorological hazards occur more frequently and have greater cumulative effects. Given present trends, heavy rainfall and wind speeds during typhoon events are expected to increase over the decades. Cutting a deadly path across Visayas, typhoon Yolanda (international name: Haiyan) battered the East coast of Leyte as well as South coasts of Samar and Eastern Samar. Tacloban City in Leyte Province - the economic hub of Eastern Visayas, registered the highest number of losses during its onslaught. Experiences during Yolanda and earlier calamities point to ...