Zakat Management

Islam offers its own social, political, and economic approaches that, if applied, will contribute positively to poverty reduction and income inequality, and thus result in improved human capital and economic development. zakat means worshipping Allah by giving that which He has enjoined of various sorts of zakat to those that are entitled to them, consistent with the rules approved in Sharia. This study examines the socioeconomic impact of zakat on human capital and economic development. Data for the study was primary data drawn from Fagge, Nassarawa, Tarauni, and Kumbotso Local Government Areas, Kano, Nigeria. The collection of data was through interviews with one four hundred respondents using random sampling techniques. In the end, three hundred and eighty-eight respondents were reached. It, therefore, serves as 100% of the interview. The data were analyzed using simple percentage analysis. The findings of the study show that improved payment and appropriate distribution of zakat in Kano, Nigeria shall promote human capital development. Thus, the paper concludes that zakat has a direct effect on human capital and economic development. The study, therefore, recommends integrating zakat into the overall development strategy and strengthen zakat institutions.

Bentuk lembaga pengelola zakat di Indonesia mengalami perubahan dari waktu ke waktu. Perubahan itu terutama dipengaruhi oleh kebijakan pemerintah yang berlaku. Secara umum, kebijakan pemerintah dalam urusan zakat menunjukkan perbaikan dan peningkatan, terutama setelah diterbitkannya UU Pengelolaan Zakat No. 38 Tahun 1999. Sejak saat itu, bentuk kelembagaan pengelola zakat menjadi semakin terorganisir dan memiliki jangkauan secara nasional.

Jika merujuk kepada Departemen Agama Republik Indonesia bahwa pengertian zakat profesi adalah zakat yang dikenakan kepada tiap usaha (kasab) pekerjaan atau keahlian (profesi) tertentu yang dilakukan secara sendiri ataupun bersama-sama yang dapat memberikan hasil atau keuntungan. Adapun jenis pekerjaan sebuah profesi yang dapat menghasilkan dan memperoleh keuntungan dapat diklasifikasikan menjadi dua begian, yang pertama adalah pekerjaaan yang dilakukan mengikut keahlian, seperti penghasilan seorang dokter, konsultan, insinyur, pengacara, dosen, guru, artis, dan sebagainya. Yang kedua adalah mereka yang memberikan jasa untuk orang lain, baik untuk lembaga pemerintah, perusahaan maupun perdagangan dengan mendapat gaji, upah, honorarium, dan lain-lain.

Bagaimana seharusnya berzakat? Kemanakah orang harus berzakat? Siapakah yang berhak mengelola zakat? Disalurkan ke mana saja zakat yang terkumpul? Apa pungsi dan tujuan utama lembaga pengelola zakat? Pertanyaan-pertanyaan di atas akan dijawab dalam khutbah singkat ini.

This book describes a comparative zakat management, especially going to explain about the government's fiscal policy part of Indonesia and Brunei Darussalam on development programs and poverty reduction with charity instruments in both countries. For the sake of economy, zakat distributed for the mustahik poverty alleviation. Even the results of this research will test the theory of "income distribution" in the form of direct cash assistance in the form of money, materials, or other objects that are consumptive, and compared with the economic aid in the form of zakat that is productive. In addition, this book has an important meaning to analyze the effectiveness of the management of zakat by the government through regulation and the establishment of zakat management institutions.

Keywords: zakah management, mustahik, poverty alleviation, income
distribution
JEL Classification: A13, D31, D63, D64, E62, H27, H30, N3, P43, Z12

This book describes a comparative zakat management,  especially going to explain about the government's fiscal policy part of Indonesia and Brunei Darussalam on development programs and poverty reduction with charity instruments in both countries. For the sake of economy, zakat distributed for the mustahik poverty alleviation. Even the results of this research will test the theory of "income distribution" in the form of direct cash assistance in the form of money, materials, or other objects that are consumptive, and compared with the economic aid in the form of zakat that is productive. In addition, this book has an important meaning to analyse the effectiveness of the management of zakat by the government through regulation and the establishment of zakat management institutions.

Dana zakat yang terkumpul pada awalnya lebih didominasi oleh pola pendistribusian secara konsumtif untuk tujuan meringankan beban mustahiq, dan merupakan program jangka pendek dalam rangka mengatasi permasalahan umat. tanpa harapan timbulnya muzakki baru. Namun saat ini, pendistribusian zakat mulai dikembangkan dengan pola pendistribusian secara produktif, yaitu dengan harapan akan membantu mustahik untuk mengembangkan zakat yang diterimanya menjadi usaha ekonomi berkembang. Termasuk di dalamnya bahasan mengenai pendayagunaan zakat dengan cara investasi dana zakat.

Lembaga Zakat Selangor (LZS) has been corporatized and governed as a corporate entity. For good corporate governance, LZS implements a management control system (MCS) in one of its zakat distribution program known as Asnaf Entrepreneurship Development Program (AEDP). The objective of study is to explain the elements/dimensions of MCS in AEDP by referring to Levers of Control (LOC) as a framework. The LOC with four control mechanisms namely belief, boundary, interactive and diagnostic is commonly known, preferable and applied framework for MCS research and adopted by many worldwide corporations. A total of eight interviews were carried out; three with LZS officers and five with zakat beneficiaries. Data were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed in qualitative approach. It was found that the controls available in LZS can be matched against four control mechanisms in LOC. Despite that all the four control mechanisms are placed in MCS, they have yet to be documented in LZS Standard Operating Procedure (SOP). Formal documentation may impetus confidence amongst zakat payers and Muslims as a whole that the funds are efficiently managed and properly governed for the best interest of beneficiaries apart from being source of references to other zakat institutions. Keywords: Management control system; levers of control; zakat; zakat institution; asnaf entrepreneurship program ABSTRAK Lembaga Zakat Selangor (LZS) telah dikorporatkan dan ditadbir seperti sebuah perbadanan swasta. Untuk meningkatkan kecekapan pengurusan, LZS melaksanakan sistem kawalan pengurusan (MCS) bagi salah satu program agihan zakat yang dikenali sebagai Program Pembangunan Usahawan Asnaf (AEDP). Objektif kajian adalah untuk menerangkan elemen / dimensi MCS dalam AEDP dengan merujuk kepada Levers of Control (LOC) sebagai rangka kerja. LOC yang mempunyai empat mekanisme kawalan iaitu 'Belief ', 'Boundary', 'Interaktif ' dan 'Diagnostik' dikenalpasti sebagai satu rangka kerja yang digunapakai secara meluas di dalam penyelidikan MCS dan diterima pakai oleh banyak syarikat di seluruh dunia. Sejumlah lapan wawancara telah dijalankan; tiga dengan pegawai LZS dan lima dengan penerima zakat di dalam bentuk modal perniagaan. Data telah direkodkan secara audio, diterjemahkan secara verbatim dan dianalisa secara kualitatif. Kajian mendapati kawalan yang terdapat di LZS dapat dipadankan dengan empat mekanisme kawalan di LOC. Walaubagaimanapun, empat mekanisme kawalan yang wujud ini tidak didokumenkan di dalam Prosedur Operasi Standard (SOP) LZS. Proses untuk mendokumentasikan sistem kawalan pengurusan secara formal boleh mendorong keyakinan di kalangan pembayar zakat dan umat Islam secara keseluruhan. Ia menggambarkan bahawa dana zakat telah diuruskan dengan cekap dan ditadbir dengan sebaiknya untuk kepentingan penerima zakat selain menjadi sumber rujukan kepada institusi zakat yang lain.

Rumah Zakat (RZ) mempunyai peran dalam menjaga stabilitas sistem keuangan nasional dalam sektor sosial melalui penyaluran dana ZIS (Zakat, Infaq, dan Shadaqah) yang dihimpun dari donatur dalam maupun luar negeri yang sasarannya yaitu golongan berpendapatan rendah sebagai pemberian dukungan kepada pemerintah dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peran pengelolaan dana ZIS melalui RZ dalam stabilitas sistem keuangan nasional. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif yang memahami fenomena tentang apa yang dialami oleh subjek penelitian misalnya perilaku, persepsi, motivasi, tindakan, secara holistik dan dengan cara deskripsi dalam bentuk kata-kata dan bahasa, pada suatu konteks khusus yang alamiah dan dengan memanfaatkan berbagai metode alamiah. Sumber data berasal dari data primer dan data sekunder. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu RZ sebagai lembaga filantropi mempunyai peran dalam menjaga stabilitas sistem keuangan nasional melalui dana ZIS yang dihimpun dari para donatur yang disalurkan dalam bentuk program pemberdayaan masyarakat. Pengelolaan dana ZIS yang efektif dan efisien serta sesuai syari'ah menambah jumlah dana ZIS dan penerima layanan manfaat melalui berbagai program. Realisasi dana ZIS ini mempengaruhi pertumbuhan ekonomi masyarakat yang membutuhkan dengan menciptakan SDM berkualitas dan religius melalui program bidang pendidikan, menekan pengeluaran dana penyembuhan penyakit melalui program layanan kesehatan gratis RZ bagi keluarga miskin, membangun masyarakat mandiri dan sejahtera melalui program kewirausahaan RZ, serta menciptakan lingkungan yang sehat dan bersih melalui program kelestarian lingkungan. Berbagai upaya tersebut sejalan dengan upaya pemerintah dalam mengembangkan pertumbuhan ekonomi sehingga stabilitas sistem keuangan nasional tetap terjaga.

Kata Kunci : pengelolaan zakat, ZIS, sistem keuangan, stabilitas sistem keuangan, Rumah Zakat, ekonomi.

Kano state government established its zakat institution in 2003 called Kano State Zakah and Hubusi Commission. The institution, however, could not meet its desired goals of improving the socioeconomic wellbeing of Kano citizens. Poverty still remains a most visible feature in the state. Hence, the article examines the current practice of zakat management applied by Kano State Zakah and Hubusi Commission to identify challenges faced by the institution. Several challenges related to establishment of sound zakat institution, fairness of Allah and sincerity, awareness creation, localization of zakat (involvement of traditional institutions), institutional mediation, incorporation of Islamic scholars and publicity. Then, through comparison of best practices of zakat institutions management in other Muslim countries, interview and discussion with local experts, the article suggests solutions to improve the situation. the findings of this study help in suggesting the establishment of shariah committee zakat, systematic method of zakat management council, zakat payer identification process, zakat information management, documentation, receiver identification and authentication, remuneration of non-government zakat workers. This will help improve zakat institution and management in Kano state in particular and other parts of the world in general.

Lembaga Zakat Selangor (LZS) has introduced the asnaf entrepreneurship program in order to encourage the productive asnaf to generate their own income. This income is expected to cover the daily needs as well as to create surplus which enable the asnaf to graduate from the asnaf status. The basis of this effort is based on the wide method that can be used in utilising the distribution of zakat fund as quoted from Qardawi (2009) that Islam has fixed the mechanism of collection but remain flexible in certain part of distribution. This program, is expecting to help and hand-in-hand with the participants to groom and develop them to become a successful asnaf entrepreneurs. This paper, provides an overview of the program in understanding the ways that being done by Lembaga Zakat Selangor; to look into the potential and prospect of any new opportunity and understanding the strength and weaknesses of the existing program.

Abstract: The potential of Zakat in Indonesia are very large. But the great potential that has not been comparable to acquisition. This is partly caused by the Institution of Amil Zakat (LAZ)'s management in Indonesia has not been overall run management standards recognized by the international community, namely ISO (International Organization for Standardization). In addition, can not be denied that the regulation of zakat in Indonesia is still not fully aligned to LAZ. Therefore, through the implementation of management standards ISO 9001: 2015, NU CARE – LAZISNU are seeking to become a LAZ which has an international standard management. It is one of the requrements to be able to compete globally. Standardize the management was carried out starting from the fundraising to the utilization or distribution. Through the POAC approach, this study wanted to.......

Perjumpaan bangsa Indonesia dengan Islam sebenarnya sudah mulai terjadi sejak abad ketujuh Masehi. Pada mulanya, Islam dipeluk oleh sebagian kecil penduduk bangsa ini, namun secara perlahan agama ini terus meluaskan pengaruhnya hingga menyebar ke seluruh pelosok Nusantara. Namun, sejak kedatangan kaum kolonial, khususnya Belanda, proses Islamisasi itu menjadi terhambat. Melihat potensi agama ini sebagai ancaman bagi kelangsungan penjajahannya, 1 Belanda berupaya menjinakkan dan membatasi pengaruh Islam yang menjadi agama mayoritas bangsa ini dengan menerapkan berbagai kebijakan, di antaranya berupa politik adu domba (devide et empera) di antara kerajaan-kerajaan Islam, menyokong dan memperkuat keberadaan kaum abangan vis a vis kaum santri, serta berusaha mengkonfrontasikan hukum Islam dengan hukum adat.

Zakat is enshrined by Allah on every Muslim who posses a certain amount of wealth over a certain periods of time, to be given to particular category of people. With all conditions governing the zakat systems, Muslims living during the era of Islamic revelation did not find it difficult to manage and distribute zakat as revealed. Traditionally, the prophet  Muhammad SAW normally  appoint his companions to collect zakat and submit to him for distribution, in some instances He assigns a zakat collector to collect and distribute it among the qualified people for zakat funds in the community the zakat received, this helps in establishing a prudent society full of love and free of poverty. However, the successive Islamic government are found neglecting the zakat institution, coupled with the unfotunate situations of colonialization of the Islamic countires, lead to almost total collapse of the zakat institution. Recently, many Muslim communities realised the impact of zakat in establishing social welafre and reducing poverty and established states own zakat institutions. Kano State of Nigeria being one among the Shariah compliant state established its zakat institution in 2003. This qualitattive study aims to chek the experiences and challenges faced by the Zakat and Hubusi commission Kano State, with a view to suggest the best practices suitable for adoption in the state.

Poverty reduction has become the focus of historians, sociologists and economists throughout its history. The causative factors of poverty have been identified in the form of income ineligibility to social injustice and economic system. The efforts of poverty reduction into government policy to reform the social security system for socio-economic system reform. Because poverty is a multidimensional problem, solutions that do require a set of co-ordinated action, particularly through charity. Indonesia has a large population with the problem of poverty is the target completion in economic development. However, optimizing the potential of zakat which is high on the people of Indonesia and the cooperation among stakeholders and government regulation to be a solution in reducing poverty. It is certainly different from Brunei Darussalam to the level of a small population and government revenues are high, so the management of zakat by MUIB in the form of cash grants, capital of commerce, and others are implementable can resolve the problem of poverty in this country.

Keywords: zakat management, poverty alleviation, zakat recipients
JEL codes: A23, E62, H27, I38, N3

Abstract
Zakat is an Islamic mechanism that could help in establishing a social welfare and
ensuring love and peaceful co-existence among the Muslim societies. Kano is the most
popular Muslim state in Nigeria and has been affected by various socioeconomic
problems. Kano state Zakat and Hubusi commission established in 2003 is among the
various institutions established by the state to address these problems; however, many
studies suggest the need to learn from the best practices of zakat management adopted
by other Muslim communities to institutionalize the practices of zakat management in
Kano. Thus, this study aims to explore the practices of Zakat and Commission as the
official body charged with zakat collection, management, and distribution and to
suggest the best practice of zakat management for implementation in the state of Kano. The research adopted a qualitative method of study using interview and document
analysis. The selection of qualitative method helps the researcher identify various
methods of zakat management adopted by the people of Kano. The findings of this
study indicate that definitional misconceptions, disorganized management, and
ineffective methods of collection and distribution are the major issues affecting zakat
management in Kano. Finally, the contribution of the study comes in the development
of a model named Kano Zakat Principles (KZP) for adoption in Kano. KZP is presented
in five branches including; legal foundation, supervision, governance, intermediary
functions and sharia governance as models for management of zakat collection and
distribution in Kano state. The adoption of proposed KZP model can promote
systematic zakat management, good governance, and effective services, which will
complement the state’s effort to address various socioeconomic problems

Al-Fiqh Al-Islami written by Muhammad Akram Nadwi is a collection of the fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) of Imam Abu Hanifa and his school of thought. This work covers rulings of Hanafi Fiqh alongside the examples from current day issues. The author, generally, follows traditional subdivision and ordering of topics regarding Islamic jurisprudence, throughout his work. Second volume of this compilation consists of three topics: zakat(almsgiving), fasting and hajj.

Concern for poverty is not new and has been the focus for centuries by historians, sociologists, and economists. The cause has been identified, ranging from shortcomings in the administration of income support, until the injustice of the social and economic system. Various attempts have been proposed, from the reform of social security system for changes in the form of the socioeconomic system. Because poverty is a multidimensional problem, solutions to poverty require a set of coordinated action, particularly through charity. Indonesia, which has a population with a large population, of course, the problem of poverty continues to be a problem in economic development. Nevertheless, the potential zakat Indonesia larger community and cooperation among stakeholders and government regulation is a solution to reduce the level of poverty in Indonesia. It is certainly different from the Brunei Darussalam to the level of a small population and large government revenues, management of zakat by MUIB in the form of cash grants, the capital of commerce, and others are implementable can solve the problem of poverty in this country. Background The rapid development of the system of taxation on income and welfare complex in the 20th century may presume that the system of progressive redistribution of wealth that is unique and modern. In fact, the religious system has the same mechanism to cope with economic injustice and poverty for centuries. Judaism and Christianity adopted the concept of tenths (al-'usyr) as a marginal tax of ten percent of revenues, and both lines of religious traditions developed to drive increased revenue to the poor. For some communities, the concept of tenths and generosity to a charitable organization for the poor remains a religious obligation. The concept of charitable giving motivation proved significant in the concept of religion in the funding of the social needs of the poor in the United States. A tradition that is similar to the practice of tenths of a form of religious obligation as well developed in the practice and jurisprudence of Islam, zakat.

Keywords: management of zakat, poverty alleviation, zakat recipients
JEL Classification: E60, F52, G28, H27, H71, I30, N30

Bitcoin spearheaded the rise of cryptocurrencies since it was first launched in 2009. The concept of bitcoin as digital currency was first published publicly in the 2008 well-known whitepaper by pseudonymous Satoshi Nakamoto. The whitepaper outlined a self-serving peer-to-peer transaction network concept based on cryptographic proof instead of trust, allowing any two willing parties to transact directly with each other without the need for a trusted third party such as financial institutions. Since then, thousands of cryptocurrencies have been launched mostly through token offerings as an alternative approach of raising funds for blockchain, technology projects, and start-ups. People are holding cryptocurrencies mostly as digital asset investments. Some individuals made huge profits from buying cryptocurrencies at their initial offerings and sold later when the prices increased. Some crypto millionaires were born from such trades. However, many people lost their investment as well due to many factors. Some were due to bad investment decisions, and some fall into scams and investment programs run by dishonest people with promises of highly lucrative returns. As trading and owning cryptocurrencies are becoming common, governments and policymakers around the world are coming up with proper and comprehensive regulations for cryptocurrencies. In the context of Malaysia, in which zakat collections and distributions are of state matters, this paper discusses the implementation of zakat payment platform for cryptocurrencies at zakat institutions. This paper seeks to contribute to the academic development, blockchain technology, and zakat management.

Uniquely, zakat is featured as the major tool of Islamic wealth redistribution that routinely collects designated amounts of public money from zakat payers and channels same to identified beneficiaries in accordance with the principles of the shari'ah. It is, therefore, essential to organize and develop institutions to manage this wealth. This paper analyzes the Malaysian zakat system, assesses its performance by studying the collection and disbursement mechanisms. The paper is qualitative descriptive-analytical in nature, it analyzes annual reports and interviews with the higher management of ZCC and religious councils. The paper focuses on data between the year 1991 to 2014/15. This paper finds that the Malaysian experience with managing zakat advanced technically in both distribution and collection. However, the practice of 'distribution' ought to be more sustainable, less consumption-based. Furthermore, the paper strongly identifies the need for establishing a database on needy people with the national welfare system and other relief NGO's to reduce double spending.

The encouraging accomplishment of contemporary zakat management is undoubtedly praiseworthy, but a thought on the avoidance of hiccups along the way is necessary. Based on the Malaysian experience, this paper attempts to explore into two simple objectives. Firstly, to identify the hiccups of the zakat management; and secondly, to endeavor a proposition to solve the hiccups so as to allow for a smoother zakat transformation. It will be shown that the occurrences of the hiccups lie mainly inter alia in the organizational structure and the definitional usage within the zakat management itself, hence we name them structural hiccup and definitional hiccup respectively. In the case of the former, there are issues of professionalism versus traditionalism and centralization versus decentralization; while in the case of the later, there are issues of the usage of Islamic definitions of the zakat-related concepts versus the western ethnocentric definitions of the same. The solutions prescribed for the structural hiccups would be the reconfiguration of the centralization and decentralization, and the professionalism and traditionalism. For the definitional hiccups, this paper is in favor of the reconfiguration of the definition of zakat-related concepts based on authentic sources of Islam, not on an eclectic-accommodative-modified definitions of the western ethno-centric concepts.

Transformasi Dompet Dhuafa Jawa Barat Menjadi Sinergi Foundation
Kepada Yth.
Bpk/Ibu Donatur dan Segenap Insan Peduli
Assalamua’alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh 
Teriring salam dan do’a mudah-mudahan  Bpk/Ibu Donatur dan segenap insan peduli Senantiasa dalam lindungan Allah SWT. Shalawat dan salam semoga tercurah kepada Sang Teladan Nabi Muhammad SAW.
Perubahan adalah sebuah keniscayaan. Sebagaimana tantangan zaman yang menuntut solusi mendasar dan berkesinambungan, pemecah pelbagai problem sosial- keumatan yang mengemuka. Demikian pula bagi sebuah lembaga, perubahan ke arah yang lebih baik, adalah satu hal yang tak terhindarkan.
Maka, izinkan, melalui secarik pesan ini, kami sampaikan ihwal perubahan kelembagaan yang terjadi, dalam bingkai visi kemandirian.
Dompet Dhuafa Jawa Barat (Yayasan Dompet Dhuafa Bandung) dalam kiprahnya di tengah masyarakat, telah memunculkan beragam aktivitas program pemberdayaan yang inspiratif di bidang kesehatan (health), pendidikan (education), ekonomi (economic empowerment) dan pembangunan social (social development). Hal ini tercermin antara lain dengan lahirnya program-program pro kalangan lemah, antara lain: Rumah Bersalin Cuma-Cuma (RBC), Lembaga Pelayanan Masyarakat (LPM), Beasiswa Pemimpin Bangsa (BPB), dan beberapa lainnya.
Seiring perkembangan lembaga, yang berbanding lurus dengan kompleksitas problematika umat yang mengemuka, menuntut perubahan format kelembagaan, sebagai bentuk penyelelarasan (harmoni) dalam menghadapai tantangan zaman ke depan. Karenanya, dalam rapat resmi Dewan Pembina per tanggal 17 Februari 2011, yayasan Dompet Dhuafa Bandung yang berafiliasi ke Yayasan Dompet Dhuafa Republika, berubah menjadi yayasan Semai Sinergi Umat (SINERGI Foundation).
Jika sebelumnya, aktivitas inti Dompet Dhuafa Jabar terbatas di seputar pengelolaan dana Zakat dan Infak, maka dengan adanya perubahan format kelembagaan tersebut menjadikan gerak langkah lembaga untuk menebarkan manfaat seluas-luasnya, kian terbuka.  Mengusung visi “Tak Berhenti Berbagi Manfaat untuk Negeri” SINERGI Foundation saat ini merupakan holding dari beberapa lembaga sosial-pemberdayaan dan social business (usaha sosial). antara lain: Wakaf Pro 99, Tabloid Alhikmah, Green Kurban, Green Akikah, Taman Wakaf Pemakaman Muslim Firdaus Memorial Park (FMP), Rumah Bersalin Cuma-Cuma (RBC), Lembaga Pelayanan Masyarakat (LPM), Lumbung Desa, Pesantren Terapis, Beasiswa Pemimin Bangsa (BPB), Sentra Domba Sehat (SDS), Lembaga Advokasi  Anti Rentenir, dan Mitra Usaha Berkah (MUB).
Demikian pemberitahuan perihal perubahan nama dan format kelembagaan kami sampaikan, sekaligus mengajak segenap kaum peduli, bapak/ibu donatur sekalian, untuk tak berhenti, bersama-sama mendorong, menginspirasi serta membangun kolaborasi menuju masyarakat yang produktif, mandiri dan berkarakter, yang semata mengharap ridhoNya, Allah Subhanahu wa Ta’ala. Amiin.
SINERGI FOUNDATION

Prof. Dr. KH. Miftah Faridl
Ketua Dewan Pembina

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