List of governors of Puerto Rico

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The Standard (flag) and Seal of the Governor of Puerto Rico
Juan Ponce de León II, 26th governor of Puerto Rico, grandson of the first governor, and the first native Puerto Rican to become governor

This list of Governors of Puerto Rico (Spanish: Gobernador de Puerto Rico) includes all persons who have held that post, either under Spanish or American rule. The Governor of Puerto Rico is the Head of Government of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. The position was first established by the Spanish Empire during the 16th century following the archipelago's colonization.

The first person to officially occupy the position was Spanish conquistador Juan Ponce de León on 1509. At the time, the Spanish monarchy was responsible for appointing the functionary who would perform this office. The first native Puerto Rican to perform the function was Juan Ponce de León II, as interim governor in 1579. During this administration, all of those appointed to take the position had served another function within the empire's government or the Roman Catholic Church. In 1898, the United States invaded Puerto Rico and the Spanish government ceded control of the island to the United States. During the first two years, the entire government in Puerto Rico was appointed by the President of the United States. In 1900, the American government approved the establishment of the Foraker Act as a federal law, this act established a civilian government in the island. In 1947, the federal Elective Governor Act was enacted, which created a new system where, since 1948, the governor is elected through a democratic process every four years. The governor is in charge of Puerto Rico's executive branch and is responsible for appointing executive branch agency heads, including the Secretary of State, who fulfills the role of lieutenant governor, the legislative branch's Ombudsman and Comptroller and all judges in the judicial branch.

History

Front entrance of La Fortaleza, the official residence of the governor

When the Spanish Empire colonized Puerto Rico during the 16th century, the Spanish conquistador Juan Ponce de León established himself as the island's first governor replacing Vicente Yáñez Pinzón, who was appointed to take the position of Captain General of the City of Puerto Rico prior to the island's colonization but never performed this function.[1] During this time period, the Spanish monarchy was in charge of appointing the governor of Puerto Rico, the person selected was in charge of the island's development and wealth and was responsible for reporting the colony's status to the Spanish Empire. After 1580 the Captaincy General of Puerto Rico was established, and the office of captain general was added to the governor.

On July 25, 1898, at the outbreak of the Spanish–American War, Puerto Rico was invaded by the United States when, following a brief armed conflict, the United States Army landed at Guánica. Following the conclusion of the war, Spain was forced to cede Puerto Rico, along with Cuba, the Philippines and Guam, to the United States under the 1898 Treaty of Paris.[2] Puerto Rico began the twentieth century under the military rule of the United States with officials, including the governor, who were appointed by the President of the United States. In 1900, William McKinley signed the Foraker Act as a United States federal law, this established civilian (limited popular) government on Puerto Rico.[3] The new government had a governor and an executive council appointed by the President, a House of Representatives with 35 elected members, a judicial system with a Supreme Court, and a non-voting Resident Commissioner in Congress.[3] The first civilian governor of the island under the Foraker Act was Charles Herbert Allen. This system was still used after the approval of the Jones–Shafroth Act, which altered the structure of government in Puerto Rico, and was in use until 1948.

Following the approval of the federal Elective Governor Act by President Harry S Truman in 1947, the governor has been elected through a democratic process every four years since 1948.[4] Under this system, the governor is in charge of the island's executive branch.[4] In these elections, every person must vote for one of several candidates, each one of which represents a political party (currently consisting of the New Progressive Party of Puerto Rico, Puerto Rican Independence Party, Popular Democratic Party of Puerto Rico and Puerto Ricans for Puerto Rico Party) following the elective process the votes are counted and the candidate who gathers the plurality (not majority) of votes is certified as governor-elect and takes office on January 2 of the following year in a public inaugural ceremony which may be preceded by a private oath-taking ceremony.

In the governor's absence, or if the governor dies or is unable to perform the executive duties, the Secretary of State of Puerto Rico takes control of the executive position, as Acting Governor during a temporary absence or inability, and as Governor in case of death, resignation or impeachment and conviction.[4] The elected governor must designate a number of secretaries and other agency heads that will control the individual administrative agencies during his time in office, the selected secretaries are in charge of the island's health, natural resources, economy, correctional and judicial agencies and the department of consumer concerns, among others. The Governor's four-year term begins on January 2, the day after the New Year's Day holiday.

List of Governors of Puerto Rico

Governors under Spanish Crown

Image Name Took office Left office Reference
Appletons' Ponce de Leon Juan.jpg Captain General
Don Juan Ponce de León		 1509 1512 [5]
Juan Cerón 1511 1513 [6]
Rodrigo Moscoso 1513 1514 [7]
Captain General Cristóbal de Mendoza 1514 1515 [8]
Appletons' Ponce de Leon Juan.jpg Captain General
Don Juan Ponce de León		 1515 1519 [7]
Sánchez Velázquez 1519 1519 [8]
Antonio de la Gama 1519 1521 [8]
Pedro Moreno 1521 1523 [8]
Bishop Alonso Manso 1523 1524 [8]
Pedro Moreno 1524 1529 [8]
Antonio de la Gama 1529 1530 [8]
Lieutenant General Francisco Manuel de Landó 1530 1536 [8]
Vasco de Tiedra 1536 1537 [8]
Vasco de Tiedra 1537 1544 [8]
Jerónimo Lebrón de Quiñones 1544 1544 [8]
Lcdo. Iñigo López Cervantes y Loayza 1544 1546 [8]
Lcdo. Diego de Caraza 1546 1548 [8]
Diego de Caraza 1548 1550 [8]
Luis de Vallejo 1550 1555 [8]
Lcdo. Alonso Esteves 1555 1555 [8]
Lcdo. Diego de Caraza 1555 1561 [8]
Antonio de la Llama Vallejo 1561 1564 [8]

Francisco Bahamonde De Lugo

 1564 1568 [8]
Francisco de Solís Osorio 1568 1574 [8]
Francisco de Obando y Mexia 1575 1579 [8]
Juan Ponce de Leon II.JPG Juan Ponce de León II 1579 1579 [9]
Jerónimo de Agüero Campuzano 1580 1580 [8]
Captain General Juan de Céspedes 1580 1581 [8]
Captain General Juan López Melgarejo 1581 1582 [8]
Captain General Gen Diego Menéndez de Valdés 1582 1593 [8]
Colonel Pedro Suárez 1593 1597 [8]
Captain General Antonio de Mosquero 1597 1598 [8]
Captain General Alonso de Mercado 1599 1602 [8]
Captain General Sancho Ochoa de Castro 1602 1608 [8]
Gabriel de Rojas Párano 1608 1614 [8]
Captain General Felipe de Beaumont y Navarra 1614 1620 [8]
Juan de Vargas 1620 1625 [8]
Captain General Juan de Haro y Sanvítores 1625 1630 [8]
Captain General Enrique Enriquez de Sotomayor 1631 1635 [8]
Captain General Iñigo de la Mota Sarmiento 1635 1641 [8]
Captain General Agustín de Silva y Figueroa 1641 1641 [8]
Captain General Juan de Bolaños 1642 1643 [8]
Fernando de la Riva Agüero y Setien 1643 1648 [8]
Diego de Aguilera y Gamboa 1649 1655 [8]
José Novoa y Moscoso Pérez y Buitron 1655 1660 [8]
Captain General Juan Pérez de Guzmán y Chagoyen 1660 1664 [8]
Jerónimo de Velasco 1664 1670 [8]
Gaspar de Arteaga y Aunoavidao 1670 1674 [10]
Diego Roblandillo 1674 1674 [10]
Captain General Baltazar Figueroa y Castilla 1674 1674 [10]
Alonso de Campos y Espinosa 1675 1678 [10]
Juan de Robles Lorenzana 1678 1683 [10]
Captain General Gaspar Martínez de Andino 1683 1685 [10]
Juan Francisco Medina 1685 1690 [10]
Gaspar de Arredondo y Valle 1690 1695 [10]
Juan Francisco Medina 1695 1697 [10]
Tomás Franco 1697 1698 [10]
Antonio de Robles Silva 1698 1699 [10]
Gabriel Suárez de Ribera 1700 1703 [10]
Diego Jiménez de Villarán 1703 1703 [10]
Francisco Sánchez Calderón 1703 1703 [10]
Pedro Arroyo y Guerrero 1704 1705 [10]
Juan Francisco López de Morla 1706 1706 [10]
Francisco Danío Granados 1706 1708 [10]
Colonel Juan de Ribera 1709 1715 [10]
José Francisco Carreño 1716 1716 [10]
Alfonso Bortodano 1716 1720 [10]
Francisco Danio Granados 1720 1724 [10]
Captain General José Antonio de Mendizabal y Azcue 1724 1730 [10]
Lieutenant Colonel Matías de Abadía 1731 1743 [10]
Domingo Pérez de Mandares 1743 1744 [10]
Colonel Juan José Colomo 1744 1750 [10]
Colonel Agustín de Parejas 1750 1751 [10]
Lieutenant Colonel Esteban Bravo de Rivero 1751 1753 [10]
Captain General Felipe Ramírez de Estenos 1753 1757 [10]
Esteban Bravo de Rivero 1757 1759 [10]
Mateo de Guaso Calderón 1759 1760 [10]
Esteban Bravo de Rivero 1760 1761 [10]
Ambrosio de Benavides.jpg Lieutenant Colonel Ambrosio de Benavides 1761 1766 [10]
Colonel Marcos de Vergara 1766 1766 [10]
Lieutenant Colonel José Trentor 1766 1770 [10]
Colonel Miguel de Muesas 1769 1776 [10][11]
Colonel José Dufresne 1776 1783 [10]
Don Juan Daban .jpg Field Marshal Don Juan Andrés Daban y Busterino 1783 1789 [10]
Coronel Francisco Torralbo y Robles 1789 1789 [10]
Retrato del Governador don Miguel Antonio de Ustáriz (pintura).jpg Brigadier General Miguel Antonio de Ustariz 1789 1792 [7]
Coronel Francisco Torralbo y Robles 1792 1794 [10]
Brigadier General Enrique Grimarest 1794 1795 [7]
Ramon de Castro.jpg Field Marshal Don Ramón de Castro y Gutiérrez 1795 1804 [10]
Toribio Montes 1804 1809 [10]
Salvador Meléndez Bruna 1809 1820 [10]
Brigadier General Juan Vasco y Pascual March 24, 1820 August 7, 1820 [10]
Brigadier General Gonzalo Arostegui y Herrera August 7, 1820 February 12, 1822 [10]
Coronel José de Navarro February 12, 1822 May 30, 1822 [10]
Francisco González de Linares May 30, 1822 December 4, 1823 [10]
Miguel de la Torre y Pando.png Lieutenant General Miguel Luciano de La Torre y Pando December 4, 1823 1837 [10]
Francisco Javier de Moreda y Prieto 1837 1838 [10]
Field Marshal Miguel López de Baños 1838 1841 [10]
Lieutenant General Santiago Méndez de Vigo 1841 1844 [10]
Lieutenant General Rafael de Aristegui y Vélez 1844 1847 [10]
Juanprim.gif Field Marshal Don Juan Prim de Prats y Gonzalez 1847 1848 [12]
Lieutenant General Juan de la Pezuela y Cevallos 1848 1851 [7]
Enrique de España y Taberner 1851 1852 [7]
Fernando Escudero Norzagaray.jpg Lieutenant General Fernándo Norzagaray y Escudero 1852 1855 [7]
Lieutenant General Andrés García Gamba 1855 1855 [7]
Lieutenant General José Lemery Ibrarrola Ney y Gonzalez 1855 1857 [7]
Lieutenant General Fernando Cotoner y Chacon 1857 1860 [7]
Sabino Gamir Maladen 1860 1860 [7]
Lieutenant General Rafael Echague y Bermingham 1860 1862 [7]
Brigadier General Rafael Izquierdo y Gutierrez 1862 1863 [7]
Lieutenant General Féliz María de Messina Iglesias 1863 1865 [7]
Lieutenant General José María Marchessi y Oleaga 1865 1867 [7]
General Julián Juan Pavia Lacy 1867 1868 [7]
General José Laureano Sanz y Posse 1868 1870 [7]
Lieutenant General Gabriel Baldrich 1870 1871 [7]
General Ramón Gómez Pulido 1871 1872 [7]
General Simón de la Torre Ormaza 1872 1872 [7]
Brigadier General Joaquín Eurile Hernan 1872 1873 [7]
Lieutenant General Juan Martínez Plowes 1873 1873 [7]
General Rafael Primo de Rivera y Sobremonte 1873 1874 [7]
General José Laureano Sanz y Posse 1875 1875 [7]
General Segundo de la Portilla Gutierrez 1875 1877 [7]
General Manuel de la Serna Hernandez y Pinzón 1877 1878 [7]
General José Gamir Maladen 1878 1878 [7]
Eulogio Despujols y Dusay.jpg General Eulogio Despujols y Dussay 1878 1881 [7]
General Segundo de la Portilla Gutierrez 1881 1883 [7]
General Miguel de la Vega Inclán y Palma 1883 1884 [7]
General Don Carlos Suances Campos 1884 1884 [7]
General Ramón Fajardo Izquierdo 1884 1884 [7]
General Luis Daban y Ramírez de Arellanó 1884 1887 [7]
General Romualdo Palacios Gonzalez 1887 1887 [7]
General Juan Contreras Martinez 1887 1888 [7]
General Pedro Ruiz Dana 1888 1890 [7]
Brigadier General José Pascual Bonanza 1890 1890 [7]
General José Lasso y Pérez 1890 1893 [7]
General Luis Daban y Ramírez de Arrellanó 1893 1895 [not in citation given][7]
General José Gamir 1895 1896 [7]
General Emilio March 1896 1896 [7]
General Sabas Marín González 1896 1898 [13]
Ricardo de Ortega y Diez.jpg General Ricardo de Ortega y Diez 1898 1898 [14]
General Andrés González Muñoz 1898 1898 [15]
Ricardo de Ortega y Diez.jpg General Ricardo de Ortega y Diez 1898 1898 [14]
100px General Manuel Macías Casado 1898 1898 [16]
Ricardo de Ortega y Diez.jpg General Ricardo de Ortega y Diez 1898 1898 [14]

Governors under U.S. administration

Military government

Image Name Took office Left office Reference
Nelson A. Miles by Brands Studios, 1898.jpg Commanding General Nelson A. Miles 1898 1898 [17]
John R. Brooke.jpg Major General John R. Brooke 1898 1898 [18]
Guy V. Henry.jpg Major General Guy Vernon Henry 1898 1899 [19]
90px Major General George Whitefield Davis 1899 1900 [7]

Post-Foraker Act of 1900

Image Name Took office Left office Notes Reference
Charles Herbert Allen, 1898.jpg Charles Herbert Allen 1900 1901 First U.S. civil governor appointed by President William McKinley [20]
William H. Hunt.jpg William Henry Hunt 1901 1904 [21]
Beekman Winthrop 1904 1907 [8]
Regispost.jpg Regis Henri Post 1907 1909 [8]
GR Colton Puerto Rico Governor.jpg Colonel George Radcliffe Colton 1909 1913 [8]
Arthur Yager.JPG Arthur Yager 1913 1921 [22]
José E. Benedicto 1921 1921 Interim governor [8]
E Mont Reily.jpg Emmet Montgomery Reily 1921 1923 [23]
Juan Bernardo Huyke 1923 1923 Interim governor [8]
TOWNER, HORACE M. HONORABLE.jpg Horace Mann Towner 1923 1929 [24]
James R. Beverley 1929 1929 [8]
Theodore Roosevelt Jr. 1921.jpg Theodore Roosevelt Jr. 1929 1932 [25]
James R. Beverley 2nd Term 1932 1933 [8]
Robert Hayes Gore 1933 1934 [26]
Benjamin Jason Horton 1934 1934 [8]
Blanton C. Winship.jpg General Blanton C. Winship 1934 1939 Summarily removed by President Roosevelt on May 12, 1939.[27][28] [29]
José E. Colón 1939 1939 Interim governor [7]
William Leahy cropped.jpg Fleet Admiral William D. Leahy 1939 1940 [30]
José Miguel Gallardo 1940 1941 Interim governor [7]
Commander Guy J. Swope 1941 1941 [31]
José Miguel Gallardo 1941 1941 Interim governor [7]
Rexford G Tugwell 08e03507t.jpg Rexford Tugwell 1941 1946 [32]
Jesus T. Piñero.jpg Jesús T. Piñero 1946 1949 Only native Puerto Rican governor appointed under U.S colonial administration [33]

Governors under the Constitution of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico

      New Progressive Party        Popular Democratic Party
# Image Name
(Birth-Death)		 Took office Left office Party Affiliation
within U.S. politics
1 Luis Muñoz Marín.jpg Luis Muñoz Marín[34]
(1898–1980)		 1949 1965 Popular Democratic Party Independent[lower-alpha 1]
2 Gobernador de Puerto Rico Roberto Sánchez Vilella en el año 1958.jpg Roberto Sánchez Vilella[36]
(1913–1997)		 1965 1969 Popular Democratic Party Democrat[lower-alpha 2]
3 Luis A. Ferré.jpg Luis A. Ferré[38]
(1904–2003)		 1969 1973 New Progressive Party Republican[lower-alpha 3]
4 90px Rafael Hernández Colón[40]
(b. 1936)		 1973 1977 Popular Democratic Party Democrat[lower-alpha 4]
5 Carlos Antonio Romero-Barceló.jpg Carlos Romero Barceló[42]
(b. 1932)		 1977 1985 New Progressive Party Democrat[lower-alpha 4]
6 90px Rafael Hernández Colón[40]
(b. 1936)		 1985 1993 Popular Democratic Party Democrat[lower-alpha 4]
7 Dr Pedro Rosello.jpg Pedro Rosselló[43]
(b. 1944)		 1993 2001 New Progressive Party Democrat[44]
8 Puerto Rican Governor Sila Calderon at the Pentagon, Feb 27, 2001.jpg Sila María Calderón[45]
(b. 1942)		 2001 2005 Popular Democratic Party Democrat[lower-alpha 5]
9 90px Aníbal Acevedo Vilá[47]
(b. 1962)		 2005 2009 Popular Democratic Party Democrat[lower-alpha 6]
10 Luis Fortuño congressional portrait.jpg Luis Fortuño
(b. 1960)		 2009 2013 New Progressive Partites Republican[49]
11 Alejandro Garcia Padilla -cropped.jpg Alejandro García Padilla
(b. 1971)		 2013 2017 Popular Democratic Party Democrat[lower-alpha 7]

See also

External links

Notes

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References

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Further reading

  • Mellander, Gustavo A.(1971) The United States in Panamanian Politics: The Intriguing Formative Years. Daville,Ill.:Interstate Publishers. OCLC 138568.
  • Mellander, Gustavo A.; Nelly Maldonado Mellander (1999). Charles Edward Magoon: The Panama Years. Río Piedras, Puerto Rico: Editorial Plaza Mayor. ISBN 1-56328-155-4. OCLC 42970390.

de:Liste der Gouverneure von Puerto Rico

pl:Gubernatorzy Portoryko

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  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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  6. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ 7.00 7.01 7.02 7.03 7.04 7.05 7.06 7.07 7.08 7.09 7.10 7.11 7.12 7.13 7.14 7.15 7.16 7.17 7.18 7.19 7.20 7.21 7.22 7.23 7.24 7.25 7.26 7.27 7.28 7.29 7.30 7.31 7.32 7.33 7.34 7.35 7.36 7.37 7.38 7.39 7.40 7.41 7.42 7.43 7.44 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ 8.00 8.01 8.02 8.03 8.04 8.05 8.06 8.07 8.08 8.09 8.10 8.11 8.12 8.13 8.14 8.15 8.16 8.17 8.18 8.19 8.20 8.21 8.22 8.23 8.24 8.25 8.26 8.27 8.28 8.29 8.30 8.31 8.32 8.33 8.34 8.35 8.36 8.37 8.38 8.39 8.40 8.41 8.42 8.43 8.44 8.45 8.46 8.47 8.48 8.49 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ Casa Blanca reveals centuries of San Juan history
  10. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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  24. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  25. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  26. ↑ Report of the Commission of Inquiry on Civil Rights in Puerto Rico. The Commission of Inquiry on Civil Rights in Puerto Rico, editor. 70 pages. May 22, 1937. Published by The Law Library Microform Consortium (LLMC). Accessed on 30 October 2010.
  27. ↑ Vito Marcantonio, U.S. Congressman. Five Years of Tyranny. Speech before the U.S. House of Representatives. Cheverote Productions. 14 August 1939. The entire speech is contained in the Congressional Record 14 August 1939. Retrieved 30 October 2010.
  28. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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  49. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.


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