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ch1 Special Relativity Theory

Einstein's special relativity theory is based on two postulates: 1) the principle of relativity which states that the laws of physics are the same in all inertial frames of reference and 2) the universality of the light speed which states that the speed of light in a vacuum is the same regardless of the motion of the light source. The theory describes how to transform between different inertial frames using Lorentz transformations rather than Galilean transformations and introduces four-vectors to describe an object's position and momentum in spacetime. Relativistic effects include changes to an object's energy, length, and the observation of Doppler shifts in light from moving sources.

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Endah Rahmawati
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70 views

ch1 Special Relativity Theory

Einstein's special relativity theory is based on two postulates: 1) the principle of relativity which states that the laws of physics are the same in all inertial frames of reference and 2) the universality of the light speed which states that the speed of light in a vacuum is the same regardless of the motion of the light source. The theory describes how to transform between different inertial frames using Lorentz transformations rather than Galilean transformations and introduces four-vectors to describe an object's position and momentum in spacetime. Relativistic effects include changes to an object's energy, length, and the observation of Doppler shifts in light from moving sources.

Uploaded by

Endah Rahmawati
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 1

SPECIAL RELATIVITY THEORY


Tjipto Prastowo, Ph.D Endah Rahmawati, M.Si

SPECIAL RELATIVITY THEORY

Einsteins postulates

The principle of relativity

The universality of the speed of light

Galilean system vs Lorentz Transformation


Galilean System Lorentz Transformation

The four vectors


Contra-variant vectors for position :

Contra-variant vectors for position :

Space-time interval in space-time coordinates

The position four-vector

Case 1 :

, time-like region

Minkowski diagram

Case 2 :

space-like region

Case 3 : : region

, light-like

The energy-momentum four-vector

The total relativistic energy :

The relativistic kinetic energy :

Relativistic Dopler Effect


A longitudinal Doppler effect with the source moving towards an observer

A transverse Doppler effect with source moving across the observer

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