This document discusses phasor diagrams for transformers supplying different types of loads. It provides instructions for drawing phasor diagrams for transformers with unity power factor loads, lagging power factor loads, and leading power factor loads. For each load type, the key steps are to consider the flux as the reference, draw the induced emfs in phase with each other, and draw the currents based on whether they are in phase or lead/lag the voltages by the load power factor angle. Diagrams are provided for each load type case.
This document discusses phasor diagrams for transformers supplying different types of loads. It provides instructions for drawing phasor diagrams for transformers with unity power factor loads, lagging power factor loads, and leading power factor loads. For each load type, the key steps are to consider the flux as the reference, draw the induced emfs in phase with each other, and draw the currents based on whether they are in phase or lead/lag the voltages by the load power factor angle. Diagrams are provided for each load type case.
This document discusses phasor diagrams for transformers supplying different types of loads. It provides instructions for drawing phasor diagrams for transformers with unity power factor loads, lagging power factor loads, and leading power factor loads. For each load type, the key steps are to consider the flux as the reference, draw the induced emfs in phase with each other, and draw the currents based on whether they are in phase or lead/lag the voltages by the load power factor angle. Diagrams are provided for each load type case.
This document discusses phasor diagrams for transformers supplying different types of loads. It provides instructions for drawing phasor diagrams for transformers with unity power factor loads, lagging power factor loads, and leading power factor loads. For each load type, the key steps are to consider the flux as the reference, draw the induced emfs in phase with each other, and draw the currents based on whether they are in phase or lead/lag the voltages by the load power factor angle. Diagrams are provided for each load type case.
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Phasor Diagrams for Transformer on Load
Phasor Diagrams for Transformer on Load
Consider a transformer supplying the load as shown in the Fig. 1.
Fig. 1 The various transformer parameters are, R 1 = Primary winding resistance X 1 = Primary leakage reactance R 2 = Secondary winding resistance X 2 = Secondary leakage reactance Z L = Load impedance I 1 = Primary current I 2 = Secondary current = I L = Load current now 1 = o + 2 ' where I o = No load current I 2 '= Load component of current decided by the load = K I 2 where K is transformer component The primary voltage V 1 has now three components, 1. -E 1 , the induced e.m.f. which opposes V 1
2. I 1 R 1 , the drop across the resistance, in phase with I 1
3. I 1 X 1 , the drop across the reactance, leading I 1 by 90 o
The secondary induced e.m.f. has also three components, 1. V 2 , the terminal voltage across the load 2. I 2 R 2 , the drop across the resistance, in phase with I 2
3. I 2 X 2 , the drop across the reactance, leading I 2 by 90 o
The phasor diagram for the transformer on load depends on the nature of the load power factor. Let us consider the various cases of the load power factor.
1.1 Unity power factor load, cos 2 = 1 As load power factor is unity, the voltage V 2 and I 2 are in phase. Steps to draw the phasor diagram are, 1. Consider flux as reference 2. E 1 lags by 90 o . Reverse E 1 to get -E 1 . 3. E 1 and E 2 are inphase 4. Assume V 2 in a particular direction 5. I 2 is in phase with V 2 . 6. Add I 2 R 2 and I 2 X 2 to to get E 2 . 7. Reverse I 2 to get I 2 '. 8. Add I o and I 2 ' to get I 1 . 9. Add I 1 R 1 and to -E 1 to get V 1 . Angle between V 1 and I 1 is 1 and cos 1 is primary power factor. Remember that I 1 X 1 leads I 1 direction by 90 o and I 2 X 2 leads I 2 by 90 o as current through inductance lags voltage across inductance by 90 o . The phasor diagram is shown in the Fig.2
Fig. 2 Phasor diagram for unity power factor load
Lagging Power Factor Load, cos 2
As load power factor is lagging cos 2 , the current I 2 lags V 2 by angle 2 . So only changes in drawing the phasor diagram is to draw I 2 lagging V 2 by 2 in step 5 discussed earlier. Accordingly direction of I 2 R 2 , I 2 X 2 , I 2 ', I 1 , I 1 R 1 and I 1 X 1 will change. Remember that whatever may be the power factor of load, I 2 X 2 leads I 2 by 90 o and I 1 X 1 leads I 1 by 90 o . The complete phasor diagram is shown in the Fig. 3.
Fig. 3 Phasor diagram for lagging power factor
Loading Power Factor Load, cos 2
As load power factor is leading, the current I 2 leads V 2 by angle 2 . So change is to draw I 2 leading I 2 by angle 2 . All other steps remain same as before. The complete phasor diagram is shown in the Fig. 4