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    Calculation of Earthing - Thumb Rule

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    aamer6789
    The Document explains in detail the design calculations to be done for selection of earthing cable Strip and Earth pit for Control Panel and Motor Panels in Plant

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    Calculation of Earthing - Thumb Rule

    Uploaded by

    aamer6789
    356 views5 pages
    The Document explains in detail the design calculations to be done for selection of earthing cable Strip and Earth pit for Control Panel and Motor Panels in Plant

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    Calculation of Earthing_Thumb Rule

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    The Document explains in detail the design calculations to be done for selection of earthing cable Strip and Earth pit for Control Panel and Motor Panels in Plant

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    356 views5 pages

    Calculation of Earthing - Thumb Rule

    Uploaded by

    aamer6789
    The Document explains in detail the design calculations to be done for selection of earthing cable Strip and Earth pit for Control Panel and Motor Panels in Plant

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 5

    CalculateNumbersofPlate/Pipe/StripEarthings(Part3)

    APRIL1,2013

    20COMMENTS

    CalculateMin.CrossSectionareaofEarthingConductor:
    CrossSectionAreaofEarthingConductorAsperIS3043

    CrossSectionAreaofEarthingConductor(A)=(Ifxt)/K
    Wheret=FaultcurrentTime(Second).
    K=MaterialConstant.
    Example:
    CalculateCrossSectionAreaofGIEarthingConductorforSystemhas50KAFaultCurrentfor1second.Corrosionwillbe
    1.0%PerYearandNoofYearforReplacementis20Years.
    CrossSectionAreaofEarthingConductor(A)=(Ifxt)/K
    HereIf=50000Amp
    T=1Second
    K=80(MaterialConstant,ForGI=80,copperK=205,AluminiumK=126).
    CrossSectionAreaofEarthingConductor(A)=(500001)/80
    CrossSectionAreaofGIEarthingConductor(A)=625Sq.mm
    AllowanceforCorrosion=1.0%PerYear&NumberofYearbeforereplacementsay=20Years
    Totalallowance=20x1.0%=20%
    Safetyfactor=1.5
    RequiredEarthingConductorsize=CrosssectionalareaxTotalallowancexSafetyfactor
    RequiredEarthingConductorsize=1125Sq.mmsay1200Sq.mm
    Hence,Considered1Nox12x100mmGIStripor2Nox6x100mmGIStrips

    ThumbRuleforCalculateNumberofEarthingRod:
    TheapproximateearthresistanceoftheRod/Pipeelectrodescanbecalculatedby

    EarthResistanceoftheRod/PipeelectrodesR=Kx/L
    Where=ResistivityofearthinOhmMeter
    L=LengthoftheelectrodeinMeter.
    d=DiameteroftheelectrodeinMeter.
    K=0.75if25<L/d<100.
    K=1if100<L/d<600
    K=1.2o/Lif600<L/d<300

    NumberofElectrodeiffindoutbyEquationofR(d)=(1.5/N)xR
    WhereR(d)=Desiredearthresistance
    R=Resistanceofsingleelectrode
    N=No.ofelectrodesinstalledinparallelatadistanceof3to4Meterinterval.
    Example:
    CalculateEarthingPipeResistanceandNumberofElectrodeforgettingEarthingResistanceof1,SoilResistivityof
    =40,Length=2.5Meter,DiameterofPipe=38mm.
    HereL/d=2.5/0.038=65.78soK=0.75
    TheEarthResistanceofthePipeelectrodesR=Kx/L=0.7565.78=12

    Oneelectrodetheearthresistanceis12.
    TogetEarthresistanceof1thetotalNumberofelectrodesrequired=(1.512)/1=18No

    CalculatingResistance&NumberofEarthingRod:
    Reference:AsperEHVTransmissionLineReferenceBookpage:290andElectricalTransmission&Distribution
    ReferenceBookWestinghouseElectricCorporation,SectionIPage:570590.

    EarthingResistanceofSingleRods:R=x[ln(2L/a)1]/(23.14xL)
    EarthingResistanceofParallelRods:R=x[ln(2L/A]/(23.14xL)
    WhereL=lengthofrodingroundMeter,
    a=radiusofrodMeter
    =groundresistivity,ohmMeter
    A=(axS)
    S=RodseparationMeter

    FactoraffectsonGroundresistance:
    TheNECcoderequiresaminimumgroundelectrodelengthof2.5meters(8.0feet)tobeincontactwiththesoil.But,
    therearesomefactorthataffectthegroundresistanceofagroundsystem:
    Length/Depthofthegroundelectrode:doublethelength,reducegroundresistancebyupto40%.
    Diameterofthegroundelectrode:doublethediameter,lowergroundresistancebyonly10%.
    Numberofgroundelectrodes:forincreasedeffectiveness,spaceadditionalelectrodesatleastequaltothedepthofthe
    groundelectrodes.
    Groundsystemdesign:singlegroundrodtogroundplate.

    TheGIEarthingConductorsizesforvariousEquipments:
    No

    Equipments
    1

    HTswitchgear,structures,cabletrays&fence,rails,

    EarthStripSize
    55X6mm(GI)

    gateandsteelcolumn
    2
    3
    4

    LightingArrestor
    PLCPanel
    DG&TransformerNeutral
    TransformerBody

    25X3mm(Copper)
    25X3mm(Copper)
    50X6mm(Copper)

    50X6mm(GI)

    25X6mm(GI)

    Control&RelayPanel

    25X6mm(GI)

    LightingPanel&LocalPanel

    25X6mm(GI)

    DistributionBoard

    4mm2(GI)

    Motorupto5.5kw

    10
    11
    12

    25X6mm(GI)

    Motor5.5kwto55kw

    40X6mm(GI)

    Motor22kwto55kw

    55X6mm(GI)

    MotorAbove55kw

    SelectionofEarthingSystem:
    Installations/Isc

    IRValue

    Capacity

    Required

    Household

    8ohm

    earthing/3kA

    SoilType/Resistivity

    EarthSystem

    NormalSoil/upto50ohmmeter

    SingleElectrode

    SandySoil/between50to2000ohm

    SingleElectrode

    meter

    Commercial

    2ohm

    premises,Office/5kA

    RockySoil/Morethan2000ohmmeter

    MultipleElectrodes

    NormalSoil/upto50ohmmeter

    SingleElectrode

    SandySoil/between50to2000ohm

    MultipleElectrodes

    meter

    Transformers,

    lessthan1

    substationearthing,

    ohm

    LTlineequipment/

    RockySoil/Morethan2000ohmmeter

    MultipleElectrodes

    NormalSoil/upto50ohmmeter

    SingleElectrode

    SandySoil/between50to2000ohm

    MultipleElectrodes

    meter

    15kA

    LA,Highcurrent

    lessthan1

    Equipment./50kA

    ohm

    RockySoil/Morethan2000ohmmeter

    MultipleElectrodes

    NormalSoil/upto50ohmmeter

    SingleElectrode

    SandySoil/between50to2000ohm

    MultipleElectrodes

    meter

    PRS,UTS,RTUs,

    lessthan

    Dataprocessing

    0.5ohm

    centreetc./5KA

    RockySoil/Morethan2000ohmmeter

    MultipleElectrodes

    NormalSoil/upto50ohmmeter

    SingleElectrode

    SandySoil/between50to2000ohm

    MultipleElectrodes

    meter
    RockySoil/Morethan2000ohmmeter

    MultipleElectrodes

    SizeofEarthingConductor:
    RefIS3043&HandbookonBS7671:TheLeeWiringRegulationsbyTrevorE.Marks.
    SizeofEarthingConductor
    AreaofPhaseConductorS

    AreaofEarthingconductor(mm2)

    AreaofEarthingconductor(mm2)

    (mm2)

    WhenItisSameMaterialas

    WhenItisNotSameMaterialas

    PhaseConductor

    PhaseConductor

    S<16mm2

    SX(k1/k2)

    16mm2<S<35mm2

    16mm2

    16X(k1/k2)

    S>35mm2

    S/2

    SX(k1/2k2)

    K1isvalueofPhaseconductor,k2isvalueofearthingconductor
    ValueofKforGI=80,Alu=126,Cu=205for1Sec

    StandardEarthingStrip/Plate/Pipe/wireWeight:
    GIEarthingStrip:
    Size(mm2)

    Weight

    20x3

    500gmPermeter

    25x3

    600gmPermeter

    25x6

    1/200KgPermeter

    32x6

    1/600KgPermeter

    40x6

    2KgPermeter

    50x6

    2/400KgPermeter

    65x10

    5/200KgPermeter

    75x12

    7/200KgPermeter

    GIEarthingPlate:
    Plate

    Weight

    600x600x3mm

    10KgApp.

    600x600x4mm

    12KgApp.

    600x600x5mm

    15KgApp.

    600x600x6mm

    18KgApp.

    600x600x12mm

    36KgApp.

    1200x1200x6mm

    70KgApp.

    1200x1200x12mm

    140KgApp.

    GIEarthingPipe:
    Pipe

    Weight

    3meterLongBISE

    5KgApp.

    3meterrLongBISE

    9KgApp.

    4.5meter(15LongBISE)

    5KgApp.

    4.5meter(15LongBISE)

    9KgApp.

    4.5meter(15LongBISE)

    14KgApp

    GIEarthingWire:
    Plate

    Weight

    6Swg

    5meterin1Kg

    8Swg

    9meterin1Kg

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