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7. Worlg Energy, Power -

m: lnass in kg, g: gravity in 9.8 m/s2

Potentlal energy = mgh
h: height in m n = speed of light in air or vacuum / speed of light in medium
Speed of light in air or vacuum always = 3 x 108 m/s

Kinetic energy =lrm.f m: mass in kg, v: speed in m/s

n = Real depth i Apparent depth

Total energy = k.e + p.e * energy lost

Work done: J, ll. Sound: Gun's flush and

Forcel N, dist: m
speed of sound = distance / time between gun's sound method
in air flush and sound

if no, of claos = n, then no. of echoes = n - l.

Power: W, energy: J dist x no. of Using echo methods
Time: s
speed of sound = (2 x

if ys!41[s!gp!s!s, then
echoes) / time

?'ffT','"' tt zD
speed of sound : (2 x dist) / time for 1 clap m/s 5
Speed in = T
8, Tempeature:
Xo =valrrr
^f icr- poin*, )1,oor vol*.*funp'l
1.2. Electricity:
x 00L Electrostatics
9. Waves: NP: Nanyang Poly means Negative Polyhene

Ff v: speed in
1": wavelength
m/s,
in m
I frequency in Hz
PC: Personal Computer means Positive Cellulose Acetate

Electricitv

F;l v: speed in m./s, d: distance in m

t:timeins
rcr"---l
I w=vq
lV=IR I
Q: Charge iC) I: Cunent
W: work or energy (J) V:Voltage
V: Voltage (V) I:Cunent (A)
(A) | time (s)
(V) Q:Charge (C)
R:Resistance (O)
I E;\4lp
I

10. Light: lE=VIt'

I

E: work or enogy (J) V:Voltage (V) I: Current (A) t: time (s)

lE=v0
I
anglel=angler i: angle of incident
in reflection r: angle of reflection lP=E/t
I

P: Power (W) E: work or energy (J)

t: time (s)
I P=VI I

P: Power (W) V:Voltage (V) I:Cunent (A)

r=v2rR
I

I P: Power (W) V:Voltage (V) R:Resistance (C))

I r:I'?n I

P: Power (W) I:Cunent (A) R:Resistance (O)

n=sini/sinr n: refractive index of a medium
I

in refraction
i, always the angle in the &if unit costs
Cost of using electricity = PoJ{eI in kW x time in hou x
r: always the angle in the mffim
I

Energy in kwh
 14. Radioactivity

RI LI (= *
x_A2 A Half life: Remaining amt: (ll2)" x initial amt Don't have to
R2 L2 A1
Use this if you are
not ok with this!.
Resistance of wire 1, R2: Resistance of wire 2
Length of wire 1, L2: Lenglh of wire 2
Where n is no. of half lives = total davs / half lives.
Cross sect. area of wire 1, M: Cross. Sect area of wire 2

Resistors

In series: R: Rr + Rz + R3 ...,..
Eg: I have $100 initially and half life is 4 days, after 12 days, what is amt left?

+ l/Rr Usinq loqic method (recommended)

In parallel: l/R = l/Rr + l/Rr...
$100)$s0)$2s)$12.50
13. Electromagnetic induction lsthalf 2nd half 3'dhalf
Transformer I live-4days live-4 days live-4 days total: 12 days

Vs Ns \: Voltage at primary (power source, a.c, supply)

Vr: Voltage at secondary (equipment,eg: lamp) or
No: No. of turns in primary (power source )
Vp Np N,: No. of turns in secondary (equipment)

Ns / Np : Turn ratio Usins formula

No. of half lives = total davs / haif lives = 12 I 4 = 3.

Amt left = (%)r x 100 = $12.50.
Po : Power at primary (power supply) !
Pp : P, : IoVo: IrV, P, : Power at secondary (equiprnent)
Vo: Voltage at primary (power supply)
For 100% efficient or ideal
tranformer
Io :
Current at primary (power supply)
Vr: Voltage at secondary (equipment)
I, : Current at secondary (equipment)

su pplY

sofl lron cora

PURE PIIYSICS (for pure physics students)

I 5. Pressure

Pressure=Force/Area Pressurel Pa, Force: N, Area: m2

Pressure ofair or liquid = height x density x gravity

Pressure: Pa. Height: m, Density: kg/m3, gravity: m/s2

Fil'il&l P: Pressure(Pa) V: Volume(m3)

l6: Light F".=";l n: Refractive index (no unit), c: critical angle,

o

Linear Magniflcatlon m = Image height / Object height

m: no unit
or : Image distance / Object distance

l7: Temperature

F;l Q: Amt of heat (J), m: Mass (kg), ??: Change in temp ("C or K)
c: specificheat capacity (J/kg"C)

E4 C: Heat capacity (J/"C), m: Mass (kg),

c: specificheat capacity (J/kg"C)

|;;;l I+: Latent heat of fusion (J), m: Mass (kg),

16: Specific latent heat of fusion (J/kg)

tr;1 L,: Latent heat of vapourisation (J), m: Mass (kg),

lu: Specific latent heat of vapourisation (J/kg)