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    Musculoskeletal Anatomy and Physiology

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    Amy
    The skeletal system provides structure and support for the body, allows for movement through muscle attachment and joints, and protects vital organs. It is composed of bones, cartilage, and ligaments. There are two main types of bones - compact bone which can withstand force in one direction and spongy bone which can withstand forces from many directions. Bones are joined together at joints, which can be fixed or movable. Movable joints contain synovial fluid that lubricates and cushions the joint. Muscles are attached to bones and facilitate movement via contraction. They contain bundles of fibers and require ATP and calcium to contract and relax. The skeletal system works with muscles to enable movement and protect internal organs.

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    Musculoskeletal Anatomy and Physiology

    Uploaded by

    Amy
    14K views26 pages
    The skeletal system provides structure and support for the body, allows for movement through muscle attachment and joints, and protects vital organs. It is composed of bones, cartilage, and ligaments. There are two main types of bones - compact bone which can withstand force in one direction and spongy bone which can withstand forces from many directions. Bones are joined together at joints, which can be fixed or movable. Movable joints contain synovial fluid that lubricates and cushions the joint. Muscles are attached to bones and facilitate movement via contraction. They contain bundles of fibers and require ATP and calcium to contract and relax. The skeletal system works with muscles to enable movement and protect internal organs.

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    basic A/P of musculoskeletal system

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    The skeletal system provides structure and support for the body, allows for movement through muscle attachment and joints, and protects vital organs. It is composed of bones, cartilage, and ligaments. There are two main types of bones - compact bone which can withstand force in one direction and spongy bone which can withstand forces from many directions. Bones are joined together at joints, which can be fixed or movable. Movable joints contain synovial fluid that lubricates and cushions the joint. Muscles are attached to bones and facilitate movement via contraction. They contain bundles of fibers and require ATP and calcium to contract and relax. The skeletal system works with muscles to enable movement and protect internal organs.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    14K views26 pages

    Musculoskeletal Anatomy and Physiology

    Uploaded by

    Amy
    The skeletal system provides structure and support for the body, allows for movement through muscle attachment and joints, and protects vital organs. It is composed of bones, cartilage, and ligaments. There are two main types of bones - compact bone which can withstand force in one direction and spongy bone which can withstand forces from many directions. Bones are joined together at joints, which can be fixed or movable. Movable joints contain synovial fluid that lubricates and cushions the joint. Muscles are attached to bones and facilitate movement via contraction. They contain bundles of fibers and require ATP and calcium to contract and relax. The skeletal system works with muscles to enable movement and protect internal organs.

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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 26

    MUSCULOSKELETAL

    SYSTEM
    ANATOMY AND
    PHYSIOLOGY
    FUNCTION
    SKELETAL SYSTEM
     Provides a framework for the body and allows
    the body to be weight bearing or upright.
     Supports the surrounding tissues
     Assists in movement through muscle
    attachment and joint formation.
     Protects vital organs – heart and lungs.
     Manufactures blood cells in red bone marrow
     Provides storage for mineral salts (calcium,
    phosphorus)
    FUNCTION
     PRIMARY FUNCITON OF SKELETAL
    MUSCLE IS MOVEMENT OF THE BODY
    AND ITS PARTS.
    SKELETON

    From Herlihy, B. & Maebius, N. (2000). The human body in health and illness. Philadelphia:
    W.B. Saunders.
    SKELETON
     AXIAL PORTION
     Cranium
     Vertebrae
     Ribs
     APPENDICULAR PORTION
     Limbs
     Shoulders
     Hips
    TYPES OF BONES
     Long
     Short
     Flat
     Irregular
    TYPES OF BONES

    From Herlihy, B. & Maebius, N. (2000). The human body in health and illness. Philadelphia:
    W.B. Saunders.
    SPONGY BONE
     Located in the ends of long bones and the
    center of flat and irregular bones
     Can withstand forces applied in many
    directions
    DENSE (COMPACT) BONE
     Covers spongy bone
     Cylinder around a central marrow cavity
     Can withstand force predominantly in one
    direction
    SPONGY BONE AND COMPACT
    BONE

    From Herlihy, B. & Maebius, N. (2000). The human body in health and illness. Philadelphia:
    W.B. Saunders.
    CHARACTERISTICS OF
    BONES
     Support and protect structures of the body

     Provide attachments for muscles, tendons, and


    ligaments
     Contain tissue in the central cavities which
    aids in the formation of blood cells
     Assists in regulating calcium and phosphate
    concentrations
    BONE GROWTH
    Bone growth is a result of the ossification of
    the epiphyseal cartilage.
     Bone growth stops between the ages of 18 and
    25 years.
     The width of bone growth is a result of the

    activity of osteoblasts.
     Bone growth slow down with the aging

    process
     Bone absorption around the bone marrow

    continues throughout life.


     Bones become weaker with aging
    TYPES OF JOINTS
     SYNARTHROSIS
     Fibrous or fixed joints
     No movement associated with these joints
     AMPHIARTHROSIS
     Cartilaginous joints
     Slightly movable joints
    TYPES OF JOINTS
     DIARTHROSIS
     Synovial joints
     Ball-and-socket joints
     CONDYLOID
     Freely movable joints
     Allow frictionless, painless movement
    CHARACTERISTICS OF
     THEbetween
    Allow the movement JOINTS
    bones
     Formed where two bones join
     Surfaces are covered with cartilage
     Enclosed in a capsule
     Contain a cavity filled with synovial fluid
     Ligaments hold the bone and joint in the correct
    position
     Articulation is the meeting point of two or more
    joints
    SYNOVIAL FLUID
     Found in the joint capsule
     Formed by synovial membrane, which lines
    the joint capsule
     Lubricates the cartilage
     Cushion for shocks
    SYNOVIAL JOINT

    From Applegate E: The Anatomy and Physiology Learning System, ed. 2, Philadelphia, 2000,
    W.B. Saunders.
    SYNOVIAL JOINT OF THE
    KNEE

    From Herlihy, B. & Maebius, N. (2000). The human body in health and illness. Philadelphia:
    W.B. Saunders.
    ANTERIOR VIEW OF MAJOR
    MUSCLES

    From Herlihy, B. & Maebius, N. (2000). The human body in health and illness. Philadelphia:
    W.B. Saunders.
    POSTERIOR VIEW OF
    MAJOR MUSCLES

    From Herlihy, B. & Maebius, N. (2000). The human body in health and illness. Philadelphia:
    W.B. Saunders.
    SKELETAL MUSCLE

    From Herlihy, B. & Maebius, N. (2000). The human body in health and illness. Philadelphia:
    W.B. Saunders.
    CHARACTERISTICS OF
    MUSCLES
     Made up of bundles of muscle fibers
     Provide the force to move bones
     Assist in maintaining posture
     Assist with heat production
    PROCESS OF
    CONTRACTION
     MuscleAND RELAXATION
    contraction and relaxation require large
    amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
     Contraction also requires calcium, which
    functions as a catalyst
     Acetylcholine released by the motor end plate
    of the motor neuron initiates an action potential
     Acetylcholine is then destroyed by
    acetylcholinesterase
    PROCESS OF
    CONTRACTION
    AND
     Calcium RELAXATION
    is required to contract muscle fibers
    and acts as a catalyst for the enzyme needed
    for the sliding together action of actin and
    myosin
     Following contraction, ATP transports calcium
    out, in order to allow actin and myosin to slide
    apart and allow the muscle to relax
    SKELETAL MUSCLES
     Are attached to two bones and cross at least one joint
     The point of origin is the point of attachment on the
    bone closest to the trunk
     The point of insertion is the point of attachment on the
    bone farthest from the trunk
     Skeletal muscles act in groups
     Prime movers contract to produce movement
     Antagonists relax
     Synergists contract to stabilize
     Nerves activate and control the muscles
    ORIGIN OF INSERTION
    ANTAGONISTS

    From Herlihy, B. & Maebius, N. (2000). The human body in health and illness. Philadelphia:
    W.B. Saunders.

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