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    Service Issue Annotated Bib

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    Humans can negatively affect the ocean both directly and indirectly through various activities. Nuclear weapons testing and leaks from nuclear power plants have introduced radionuclides into the ocean, increasing radiation levels. The Fukushima disaster in 2011 resulted in an unprecedented release of radioactivity into the sea. Tourism also threatens coral reefs, with 58% being damaged by human activities including coastal development, pollution from cruise ships and marine construction, and physical damage from activities like boating and diving. Beach and river cleanups have removed increasing amounts of litter from coastal areas, with over 33 tons collected in 2015, but more efforts are still needed to protect marine habitats and organisms.

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    Service Issue Annotated Bib

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    Humans can negatively affect the ocean both directly and indirectly through various activities. Nuclear weapons testing and leaks from nuclear power plants have introduced radionuclides into the ocean, increasing radiation levels. The Fukushima disaster in 2011 resulted in an unprecedented release of radioactivity into the sea. Tourism also threatens coral reefs, with 58% being damaged by human activities including coastal development, pollution from cruise ships and marine construction, and physical damage from activities like boating and diving. Beach and river cleanups have removed increasing amounts of litter from coastal areas, with over 33 tons collected in 2015, but more efforts are still needed to protect marine habitats and organisms.

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    Humans can negatively affect the ocean both directly and indirectly through various activities. Nuclear weapons testing and leaks from nuclear power plants have introduced radionuclides into the ocean, increasing radiation levels. The Fukushima disaster in 2011 resulted in an unprecedented release of radioactivity into the sea. Tourism also threatens coral reefs, with 58% being damaged by human activities including coastal development, pollution from cruise ships and marine construction, and physical damage from activities like boating and diving. Beach and river cleanups have removed increasing amounts of litter from coastal areas, with over 33 tons collected in 2015, but more efforts are still needed to protect marine habitats and organisms.

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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    86 views3 pages

    Service Issue Annotated Bib

    Uploaded by

    api-317437752
    Humans can negatively affect the ocean both directly and indirectly through various activities. Nuclear weapons testing and leaks from nuclear power plants have introduced radionuclides into the ocean, increasing radiation levels. The Fukushima disaster in 2011 resulted in an unprecedented release of radioactivity into the sea. Tourism also threatens coral reefs, with 58% being damaged by human activities including coastal development, pollution from cruise ships and marine construction, and physical damage from activities like boating and diving. Beach and river cleanups have removed increasing amounts of litter from coastal areas, with over 33 tons collected in 2015, but more efforts are still needed to protect marine habitats and organisms.

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    Cain 1

    Britton Cain
    Mrs. Crist
    English 4
    Service Issue Annotated Bib
    Essential Question: How do humans negatively affect the ocean?
    Working Thesis: Human activities can alter the ocean.
    Refined Thesis: Humans can directly and indirectly affect our ocean.

    Buesseler, Ken O. "Oceans After '11." Natural History 122.6 (2014): 34. MasterFILE Premier.
    Web. 8 Apr. 2016.
    We naturally live in a radioactive world. Considering most of our planet is covered by an
    ocean, it is no surprise that there are radionuclides present in the water. Most of this is caused by
    human activities. Many radionuclides transferred to our water from nuclear weapon testing and
    the continued leaks from 2011 in the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant accident. Even
    though concerns have been brought up about the impact this could bring to the ocean and marine
    organisms, no government agency is monitoring the small levels of radiation along the west coast
    of the United States and Hawaiian islands. In the upcoming years, this number could have a
    dramatic rise. Between 1945 and 1980, there have been at least 423 nuclear weapons test, with
    90% of the test coming from the United States, The United Kingdom, and the former Soviet
    Union. The triple disaster on March, 2011, of earthquake, tsunami, and damage to japans power
    plant resulted in an unprecedented release of radioactivity into the ocean. The Fukushima Dai-

    Cain 2
    ichi release was much greater than the results of the 1986 Chernobyl nuclear power plant
    accident, mainly because it was 100s of miles from the ocean. Chernobyl still had deadly effects
    from leaking radiation and gases in the surrounding area. Now putting all the radioactive
    chemicals and gases into the ocean that takes up 71% of earths surface is overwhelming and
    concerning to many people.
    High, Lucas. "Participation in Beach, River Sweeps up This Year." Island Packet, The (Hilton
    Head, SC) 24 Sept. 2015: Points of View Reference Center. Web. 8 Apr.
    2016.
    There have been many local participants in the annual litter and trash
    clean ups held throughout the waterways and beaches of Beaufort, South Carolina. These events
    were organized from the South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium, who has planned these statewide
    cleaning events since 1988. One Saturday, there was nearly 700 people to volunteer and
    participate in beach and river sweeps throughout the Beaufort area. Thats an increase from the
    former 445 participants in 2014. With no specific data available yet, they estimate that they
    collected about 33 tons of litter and marine debris this year. This is a huge jump and it is more
    than double the amount of last year which was 12.5 tons. At this rate, there are only more
    positive things to come in the future. This could make the beach and ocean a much healthier
    place for all living organisms.
    "United Nations Environment Programme." Resource-Efficiency Business Sectoral Activities
    Tourism Activities Work/Thematic Areas Ecosystem Management Coral
    Reefs Tourism's Impact on Reefs. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Apr. 2016.

    Cain 3
    It is no mystery that coral reefs have been taking damage ever since
    tourism has thrived. 58% of coral reefs are being threatened due to human activity.
    Overexploitation and coastal developments are some of the biggest problems these coral reefs
    face. According to GCRMN Assessments made in 2000 show that 27% of the worlds reefs
    have been effectively lost, with the largest single cause being the massive climate-related coral
    bleaching event of 1998. That destroyed close to 16% of the coral reefs in the world in 9 month.
    Some of the manmade damage is related to tourism, but at the same time, tourism has so much
    economical importance to areas with significant coral reefs. The Caribbean is a great example of
    this. Because of tourism being dependent on mainly coastal resources, most developments and
    impacts occur in the coastal zone. Tourist can directly and indirectly have an impact on our
    coastal region. Activities like snorkeling, diving or boating can directly cause physical damage to
    reefs. Also, fishing and collecting can contribute to the over exploitation of reef species and
    threaten the survival of endangered species. The direct physical damage usually happens by
    breaking fragile, branched corals, kicking up sediment, or causing damage to massive corals. The
    indirect effects pertain to subjects like seafood consumption, marine construction, boating, and
    even riding on a cruise ship. The high demand for seafood could cause declines for species like
    snapper, grouper, and spiny lobsters. Marine construction can completely tear down habitats and
    also slightly pollute the water. For example, the ocean could become polluted by improperly
    disposing oils and paint residues during construction. Cruise ships sometimes will litter in the
    middle of the ocean and dump illegal sewage disposal, which is a threat to all types of marine
    organisms. This could potentially injure or kill a marine organism if they were to consume the
    dumped trash.

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