Solvent

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solvent

A solvent (from the Latin solv, "I loosen, untie, I solve") is a substance that dissolves a solute
(a chemically different liquid, solid or gas), resulting in a solution. A solvent is usually a liquid but
can also be a solid or a gas. The quantity of solute that can dissolve in a specific volume of
solvent varies with temperature. Common uses for organic solvents are in dry
cleaning (e.g., tetrachloroethylene), as paint thinners (e.g., toluene, turpentine), as nail polish
removers and glue solvents (acetone, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate), in spot removers
(e.g., hexane, petrol ether), in detergents (citrus terpenes) and in perfumes (ethanol). Water is a
solvent for polar molecules and the most common solvent used by living things; all the ions and
proteins in a cell are dissolved in water within a cell. Solvents find various applications in
chemical, pharmaceutical, oil, and gas industries, including in chemical syntheses and
purification processes.

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