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    Which Case Studies/topics Are Relevant For Each?

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    darrenharkin
    The document discusses various case studies that could be relevant for different budget levels of film productions. It provides examples of case studies that would be suitable for low, medium, and big budget films. These include topics like niche audience films, films with limited or wide releases, and blockbusters with mass audiences and worldwide releases. It also discusses topics around Hollywood studios, co-productions, and the advantages and disadvantages of media consolidation.

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    Which Case Studies/topics Are Relevant For Each?

    Uploaded by

    darrenharkin
    399 views41 pages
    The document discusses various case studies that could be relevant for different budget levels of film productions. It provides examples of case studies that would be suitable for low, medium, and big budget films. These include topics like niche audience films, films with limited or wide releases, and blockbusters with mass audiences and worldwide releases. It also discusses topics around Hollywood studios, co-productions, and the advantages and disadvantages of media consolidation.

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    The document discusses various case studies that could be relevant for different budget levels of film productions. It provides examples of case studies that would be suitable for low, medium, and big budget films. These include topics like niche audience films, films with limited or wide releases, and blockbusters with mass audiences and worldwide releases. It also discusses topics around Hollywood studios, co-productions, and the advantages and disadvantages of media consolidation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    399 views41 pages

    Which Case Studies/topics Are Relevant For Each?

    Uploaded by

    darrenharkin
    The document discusses various case studies that could be relevant for different budget levels of film productions. It provides examples of case studies that would be suitable for low, medium, and big budget films. These include topics like niche audience films, films with limited or wide releases, and blockbusters with mass audiences and worldwide releases. It also discusses topics around Hollywood studios, co-productions, and the advantages and disadvantages of media consolidation.

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    1

    Which case studies/topics are


    relevant for each?

    Big Budget with lots of tech used & stars


    =
    Mass distribution, huge amounts of marketing and
    various experienced-based exhibition practices

    LOW BUDGET

    MEDIUM
    BUDGET

    BIG BUDGET

    Niche Audience
    Limited Release
    Wide Audience
    UK Wide Release
    US Medium Release

    MASS AUDIENCE
    WORLDWIDE
    RELEASE

    Hollywood Big Six Domination

    Benefits of the CoProductions

    Negatives

    How might TimeWarners huge amount of media power


    offer advantages to the producers of Gravity

    How might TimeWarners huge amount of media


    power offer advantages to the audiences of Gravity

    Cross-Media
    Conergence
    and Synergy
    From Disney

    Synergy with
    WB/Lego

    Synergy with
    Netflix

    Produc'on

    Distribu'on

    Exhibi'on

    though most commonly HDD

    UK Film Council championed the Digital


    Screen Network in 2005 (Article in pack)

    DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY AND DISTRIBUTION


    What impact/changes has digital technology made
    within FILM DISTRIBUTION?

    Digital distribution is cheaper for distributors


    Digital distribution is quicker
    Simultaneous global releases of films to cut down piracy
    Better quality
    Cut down piracy and illegal copies
    Provide more outlets for consumption
    Digital 'prints' offer consistency in quality as opposed to
    celluloid

    EXHIBITION:
    WHAT IS THE IMPACT OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY ON
    FILM EXHIBITION?
    KEY POINTS:
    Better quality of picture
    Operationally easier for cinemas and reduces staffing
    More flexibility in what you can watch in the cinema/home
    Films displayed exactly as director has intended
    Disadvantages: expensive to change all of the cinemas to
    digital technology.
    Unique cinema experiences -DBOX, IMAX, 4DX, 3D films
    (although better quality 3D TVs could make this less unique
    in future)

    Case Study
    Links to key
    areas of study
    Key Production
    Details
    Key Distribution
    Details
    Key Exhibition
    Details

    Gravity

    Media Ownership - WB
    New Technologies
    Proliferation
    Exhibition
    Technologies - Iris, Lightbox, 12 wire rig
    Casting
    Director
    Saturated release
    Press screenings to build buzz
    Synergy with squash'd
    Interviews
    3D
    IMAX
    Strong Reviews

    e.g. Proliferation

    Area of Study
    Definition
    Relevant Case
    Studies
    How it relates
    to Institutions
    How it relates
    to Audience

    X-Men, Gravity, SG, Lego


    New higher quality production and
    distribution equipment
    New avenues to market

    Prosumer
    Affordable equipment to produce own products
    More platforms to view media
    Online access to media both legally and illegally

    The Selfish Giant &

    Exam Advice
    If words like 'technology', 'convergence', 'distribution', 'marketing', 'digital'
    come up and you should see them as your 'hook' into the question.
    You only have 45 minutes to answer the question, so there isn't time to
    waffle!
    In this essay, I shall write about (concept/question) in relation to the film
    industry, drawing on (examples X, Y & Z) as my case studies.
    Try not to overload yourself with too many examples/case studies. 2-3 max.
    Use contrasting examples so that you can look at all angles; for example, you
    might have a mainstream high budget film from the USA to contrast with a
    low budget independent Uk film.
    Use PEEL for your paragraphs, the biggest mistake people make is giving great
    points and even exemplifying and explaining their points, but not actually linking/
    relating it back to the question.
    Remember many different things you have learnt can be applied to multiple topics,
    e.g. the concept of the 'Prosumer' can be used in discussion with Proliferation,
    Media Ownership, Production and Technologies.
    Most of all, do not panic, everything you need for the exam is in your brain
    somewhere. Just relax and let it out.

    Key Points for Discussion

    How audiences are attracted and/or targeted


    The ownership and operation of institutions
    and how that affects products made and
    audiences
    BFI Film Fund & Tax Credit
    Working Title Template
    Technological Convergence e.g. iPhone/
    SmartTV, Digital Cameras
    The impact of digital technologies on
    institutions and audiences - e.g. Higher quality
    products, cheaper production costs, "Prosumer",
    Piracy, Proliferation
    Issues regarding the production of your
    chosen case studies - e.g. finances/
    technology/ownership
    Issues regarding the distribution of your
    chosen case studies - e.g. marketing
    campaign/synergy/technologies utilised in
    distribution
    Issues regarding exhibition - e.g. digital
    screens/IMAX/VoD/DVD/Blu-Ray/Piracy

    Some key questions that


    cover multiple topics...
    How does a lack of utilisation of digital technologies, in
    production, distribution and exhibition inhibit a films success?

    How does the vast amount of money and resources available to


    global institutions provide their films with a better chance of
    success than smaller companies?

    Discuss the issues raised by an institution's need to target national


    audiences within a media industry which you have studied.
    To what extent have audiences influenced and affected an institution
    which you have studied?

    The Key
    Remember, this exam unit is called
    'Institutions and Audiences'
    So talk about how, whatever topic
    you are discussing, affects
    INSTITUTIONS AND AUDIENCES!!!

    The use of high and low angle shots for different characters are used
    frequently in the sequence to demonstrate representations of class
    and status...

    An example of this during the duel with Merlin and the royal character where
    the camera shoots each character from different angles to show their position
    in the duel, in terms of who is winning. A final low angle shot is used of the
    royal character as he knocks Merlin to the ground, thus winning the duel.

    This usage of low angle shots gives the royal character clear superiority to
    Merlin, who is repeatedly shot with a high angle shot to reinforce his
    inferiority.

    This usage of camera angles is important in juxtaposing the two characters and
    their two clearly different statuses. However throughout the duration of the
    sequence this power balance often shifts to portray Merlin as the superior one.
    LINKIN
    G
    TO NE SENTENCE
    XT PAR
    A

    The use of the editing technique shot reverse shot is used to display this
    juxtaposing character representation as it enables us to see clear differences in
    the positioning and status of the two characters, as it switches back and forth.
    This technique also emphasises the shift in representation and positioning as
    one character gains status towards another.

    Whether you use SEXY or PEEL the main thing is that


    you relate all your PEEs or SEXs to the representation
    in question!

    Unseen TV Drama - Prose phrase bank - How to turn your notes into better
    sentences
    1) STRUCTURE - This TV Drama clip is made up of 4 scenes of which the second
    is the most dramatic.
    2) MISE-EN-SCENE - The mise-en-scene is dominatedby the [adjective] setting
    and low/high-key lighting. This creates an atmosphere of .....
    The director is aiming to create a recognisable 19th century London world via the
    use of period costume......
    There are many props in the second scene that highlight... the most important
    being.... because it accurately reflects the main characters purpose.
    3) CAMERA - The low-angled establishing shot of... immediately informs the
    audience that the place where the story is set
    The camera pan from left of the main character to the right of room reveals...
    The director foregrounds... This demonstrates the importance of the character
    to their surroundings.

    4) SOUND - Towards the end of the extract we hear....The tempo/pace/volume of


    the sound is... causing the audience to feel increasingly tense/excited.
    The soundtrack is mixed carefully, allowing the audience to focus on the sound
    of.... This is done to help emphasise...
    5) EDITING - The editing in the third scene cross cuts between... At first
    these two settings do not seem linked until... The cross cutting is used to build ....

    "There can be no Drama without


    conflict!"
    These conflicts are usually shown through binary
    oppositions (BINARY = two things).
    So ask yourself:
    "Which characters in the extract seem to be the main
    participants in this conflict?"
    "What are the binary opposites in the area of
    representation in the question?"

    Remember! The conflict of power will


    often shift throughout the extract or at
    least show a range of representations
    with the same area.

    Remember this example!


    The Doctor

    The Master

    The Master's Wife

    Martha

    Gender - Doctor Who (May 2009)


    Ethnicity - Hotel Babylon (Jan 2010)
    Gender - Primeval(May 2010)
    Gender - Hustle (Jan 2011)
    Class - Merlin (May 2011)
    Sexuality - Fingersmith (Jan 2012)
    Disability - Coming Down The Mountain (May
    2012)
    Age - E.R. (Jan 2013)
    Regional Identity - Doc Martin (May 2013)
    Class & Status - Downton Abbey (May 2014)
    Ethnicity - Treme (May 2015)

    Is there stereotyping in the clip?


    Are there counter-types?

    watch the clip from Hotel Babylon

    Are there examples where representa8on conforms/follows ethnic stereotypes? - link to


    mise/sound/edi'ng/camera
    Are there examples where representa8on challenges/subverts ethnic stereotypes? - link
    to mise/sound/edi'ng/camera
    Is there an example of conict or opposi8on in the clip? Are these examples explicit
    (obvious) or implicit (suggested) - link to mise/sound/edi'ng/camera

    Implicit opposition?
    Shown through.....?

    Positive ethnic
    status?

    countertype?

    conforms or subverts?

    stereotype?
    Ethnic CONFLICT
    - EXPLICIT!!!!

    Ethnicity?
    stereotyping?
    Positive or negative representations?

    Lastly...
    Cinematography is great for representing power and
    status in an extract, but Mise-en-scene is the easiest
    way to show stereotypical representations!
    Remember to think about how the following can reflect the character's
    class/age/gender/sexuality/ethnicity/regional identity and ability/
    disability;
    Location - council estates could reflect class or ethnicity or region
    Costume - e.g. trackies could reflect class, age, ethnicity or regional
    identity
    Props - e.g. a briefcase could reflect class, ethnicity, age or regional
    identity
    Hair & Make-up - e.g. fake tan/heavy foundation could reflect class,
    ethnicity or regional identity
    Performance - e.g. an aggressive performance could reflect class/age,
    gender, sexuality, ethnicity or regional identity
    Colours - e.g. Pinks could reflect gender or sexuality
    Lighting - e.g. use of shadows could represent a submissive character or
    a minority within any of the areas

    S ND D
    T D SRS TS C
    S R BB ES SEXY
    C P BO TA RR
    H CC ECU J D

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