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    On Pre Stressed Concrete

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    Arjun Kisan Shende
    Prestressed concrete is a method to offset tensile stresses in concrete by applying compressive stresses using high-strength tendons. It allows for longer spans and thinner concrete sections compared to reinforced concrete. Prestressing can be done using pre-tensioned or post-tensioned methods. Pre-tensioned concrete involves tensioning tendons before the concrete is poured while post-tensioned concrete involves tensioning tendons after the concrete has cured. Bonded post-tensioning uses grout to bond the tendon to the concrete while unbonded uses plastic sheathing to allow independent movement between the tendon and concrete. Prestressed concrete is commonly used in buildings, bridges, nuclear reactors, and structures requiring high strength.

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    On Pre Stressed Concrete

    Uploaded by

    Arjun Kisan Shende
    6K views6 pages
    Prestressed concrete is a method to offset tensile stresses in concrete by applying compressive stresses using high-strength tendons. It allows for longer spans and thinner concrete sections compared to reinforced concrete. Prestressing can be done using pre-tensioned or post-tensioned methods. Pre-tensioned concrete involves tensioning tendons before the concrete is poured while post-tensioned concrete involves tensioning tendons after the concrete has cured. Bonded post-tensioning uses grout to bond the tendon to the concrete while unbonded uses plastic sheathing to allow independent movement between the tendon and concrete. Prestressed concrete is commonly used in buildings, bridges, nuclear reactors, and structures requiring high strength.

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    Prestressed concrete is a method to offset tensile stresses in concrete by applying compressive stresses using high-strength tendons. It allows for longer spans and thinner concrete sections compared to reinforced concrete. Prestressing can be done using pre-tensioned or post-tensioned methods. Pre-tensioned concrete involves tensioning tendons before the concrete is poured while post-tensioned concrete involves tensioning tendons after the concrete has cured. Bonded post-tensioning uses grout to bond the tendon to the concrete while unbonded uses plastic sheathing to allow independent movement between the tendon and concrete. Prestressed concrete is commonly used in buildings, bridges, nuclear reactors, and structures requiring high strength.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    6K views6 pages

    On Pre Stressed Concrete

    Uploaded by

    Arjun Kisan Shende
    Prestressed concrete is a method to offset tensile stresses in concrete by applying compressive stresses using high-strength tendons. It allows for longer spans and thinner concrete sections compared to reinforced concrete. Prestressing can be done using pre-tensioned or post-tensioned methods. Pre-tensioned concrete involves tensioning tendons before the concrete is poured while post-tensioned concrete involves tensioning tendons after the concrete has cured. Bonded post-tensioning uses grout to bond the tendon to the concrete while unbonded uses plastic sheathing to allow independent movement between the tendon and concrete. Prestressed concrete is commonly used in buildings, bridges, nuclear reactors, and structures requiring high strength.

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    PRESTRESSED CONCRETE

    Prestressed concrete is a method for overcoming the concrete's natural weakness in


    tension. It can be used to produce beams, floors or bridges with a longer span than
    is practical with ordinary reinforced concrete. Prestressing tendons (generally of
    high tensile steel cable or rods) are used to provide a clamping load which produces
    a compressive stress that offsets the tensile stress that the concrete compression
    member would otherwise experience due to a bending load. Traditional reinforced
    concrete is based on the use of steel reinforcement bars, rebars, inside poured
    concrete.

    Prestressing can be accomplished in three ways: pre-tensioned concrete, and bonded


    or unbounded post-tensioned concrete.

    Prestressed concrete diagram

    The Botanical garden Bridge of Grenoble, 1855, the first concrete bridge structure
    in the world.

    Pre-tensioned concrete

    Stressed ribbon pedestrian bridge, Grants Pass, Oregon, USA

    Pre-tensioned concrete is cast around already tensioned tendons. This method


    produces a good bond between the tendon and concrete, which both protects the
    tendon from corrosion and allows for direct transfer of tension. The cured concrete
    adheres and bonds to the bars and when the tension is released it is transferred to
    the concrete as compression by static friction. However, it requires stout anchoring
    points between which the tendon is to be stretched and the tendons are usually in a
    straight line. Thus, most pretension concrete elements are prefabricated in a factory
    and must be transported to the construction site, which limits their size. Pre-
    tensioned elements may be balcony elements, lintels, floor slabs, beams or
    foundation piles. An innovative bridge construction method using pre-stressing is
    described in Stressed Ribbon Bridge.

    Bonded post-tensioned concrete


    Bonded post-tensioned concrete is the descriptive term for a method of applying
    compression after pouring concrete and the curing process. The concrete is cast
    around plastic, steel or aluminum curved duct, to follow the area where otherwise
    tension would occur in the concrete element. A set of tendons are fished through the
    duct and the concrete is poured. Once the concrete has hardened, the tendons are
    tensioned by hydraulic jacks that react against the concrete member itself. When
    the tendons have stretched sufficiently, according to the design specifications they
    are wedged in position and maintain tension after the jacks are removed,
    transferring pressure to the concrete. The duct is then grouted to protect the
    tendons from corrosion. This method is commonly used to create monolithic slabs
    for house construction in locations where expansive soils (such as adobe clay) create
    problems for the typical perimeter foundation. All stresses from seasonal expansion
    and contraction of the underlying soil are taken into the entire tensioned slab, which
    supports the building without significant flexure. Post-stressing is also used in the
    construction of various bridges; both after concrete is cured after support by false
    work and by the assembly of prefabricated sections, as in the segmental bridge.

    The advantages of this system over unbounded post-tensioning are:

    1. Large reduction in traditional reinforcement requirements as tendons cannot


    distress in accidents.
    2. Tendons can be easily 'weaved' allowing a more efficient design approach.
    3. Higher ultimate strength due to bond generated between the strand and
    concrete.
    4. No long term issues with maintaining the integrity of the anchor/dead end.

    Unbounded post-tensioned concrete


    Unbounded post-tensioned concrete differs from bonded post-tensioning by
    providing each individual cable permanent freedom of movement relative to the
    concrete. To achieve this, each individual tendon is coated with grease (generally
    lithium based) and covered by a plastic sheathing formed in an extrusion process.
    The transfer of tension to the concrete is achieved by the steel cable acting against
    steel anchors embedded in the perimeter of the slab. The main disadvantage over
    bonded post-tensioning is the fact that a cable can distress itself and burst out of the
    slab if damaged (such as during repair on the slab).
    The advantages of this system over bonded post-tensioning are:

    1. The ability to individually adjust cables based on poor field conditions (For
    example: shifting a group of 4 cables around an opening by placing 2 to
    either side).
    2. The procedure of post-stress grouting is eliminated.
    3. The ability to de-stress the tendons before attempting repair work.

    Picture number one (below) shows rolls of post-tensioning (PT) cables with the
    holding end anchors displayed. The holding end anchors are fastened to rebar
    placed above and below the cable and buried in the concrete locking that end.
    Pictures numbered two, three and four shows a series of black pulling end anchors
    from the rear along the floor edge form. Rebar is placed above and below the cable
    both in front and behind the face of the pulling end anchor. The above and below
    placement of the rebar can be seen in picture number three and the placement of
    the rebar in front and behind can be seen in picture number four. The blue cable
    seen in picture number four is electrical conduit. Picture number five shows the
    plastic sheathing stripped from the ends of the post-tensioning cables before
    placement through the pulling end anchors. Picture number six shows the post-
    tensioning cables in place for concrete pouring. The plastic sheathing has been
    removed from the end of the cable and the cable has been pushed through the black
    pulling end anchor attached to the inside of the concrete floor side form. The
    greased cable can be seen protruding from the concrete floor side form. Pictures
    seven and eight show the post-tensioning cables protruding from the poured
    concrete floor. After the concrete floor has been poured and has set for about a
    week, the cable ends will be pulled with a hydraulic jack, shown in picture number
    nine, until it is stretched to achieve the specified tension.
    Applications

    Model of Prestressing-Induced Frame System prior to shake-table testing CSUN


    and CSULB

    Prestressed concrete is the predominating material for floors in high-rise buildings


    and concrete chambers in nuclear reactors as well as in columns and shear walls in
    the buildings intended for a high degree of earthquake and blast protection.

    Unbounded post-tensioning tendons are commonly used in parking garages as


    barrier cable, also, due to its ability to be stressed and then de-stressed, it can be
    used to temporarily repair a damaged building by holding up a damaged wall or
    floor until permanent repairs can be made.

    The advantages of prestressed concrete include lower construction costs; thinner


    slabs - especially important in high rise buildings in which floor thickness savings
    can translate into additional floors for the same (or lower) cost and fewer joints,
    since the distance that can be spanned by post-tensioned slabs exceeds that of
    reinforced constructions with the same thickness. Increasing span lengths increases
    the usable unencumbered floor space in buildings; diminishing the number of joints
    leads to lower maintenance costs over the design life of a building, since joints are
    the major locus of weakness in concrete buildings.

    The first prestressed concrete bridge in North America was the Walnut Lane
    Memorial Bridge in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was completed and opened to
    traffic in 1951.

    By

    M.Niharika,

    B.E 4/4 Civil Engg,

    06-06-1061L,

    Niharika_61@yahoo.co.in,

    Vasavi College of Engineering,

    Imbrahimbagh,

    Hyderabad - 500 039.

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