Buckling of Column

For a cantilever beam

M   P (v 0  v )
d 2v
EI 2  P ( v 0  v )
dx
P
d 2 v Pv Pv 0
i.e., 2
 
dx EI EI
v0
Solution is L-x

v  A sin  x  B cos  x  v 0
v 0 -v

v
P
Where   x
EI

At x = 0, v = 0 M0

0 = 0 + B + v0

 B = -v 0

dv
At x = 0, 0
dx
1
 Buckling of Column

dv
 Acosx  Bsinx
dx
0  A 0
A  0

v  v0  v0 cosx
 v0 1 cosx

At x = L, v = v0

v0  v0  v0 cosL
i.e., v0 cosL  0
i.e., cosL  0
i.e., cosL  0

2
 Buckling of Column

2n1
i.e., L 
 2 

2L2 
 2n1 2

4
P 
L (2n1
cr 2
)2
EI 4
2 EI 
P  
cr 
 2 (2n1)2

 4 L 
2EI
(2n1
) 2

 2L 2
Effectivelength=Le=2L

3
 Eccentrically – Loaded Columns
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fabricationpro
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P e

MP(ev)
d2v
EI 2 P (ev)
dx
d2v P P
v
 2  v e
dx EI EI
L Solution
is,
vC1sinxC xe
2cos

P

where
EI
e Atx 0
0,v
0C2e
C2e (I)
4
 Eccentrically – Loaded Columns

A
tx=L,v=0


0C 
1sin
LC 
2cos
Le
C 
1sin
LeC 
2cos
L
e(1
-cos
L)
e(
1  
cosL
)

C 
1

sinL
e2 2
sinL/2

L  L
2sincos
2 2
L
etan
2

5
 Eccentrically – Loaded Columns

 L 
v  e  tan sin  x  cos  x  1 
 2 

dv  L 
 e   tan cos  x  sin  x 
dx  2 
dv
At x  L/2,  0
dx

 L L L 
0  e   tan cos  sin
 2 2 2 
 0

A t x = L /2 ,

 L L L 
v  v max  e  tan sin  cos  1
 2 2 2 
 L L 
 sin
2
 cos 2
 e 2 2  1

 L 
cos
 2 


e sec
Le
 1

=
 2 

6
 Eccentrically – Loaded Columns

TofindPcr,

Le
Let sec 
2

Le 
i.e., 
2 2

i.e.,Le 
 P 
 cr Le 
 EI
 
2EI
cr 
i.e., P
L2e 7
 Eccentrically – Loaded Columns

P
e=0
Pcr

as e 0

Inelastic
behaviour

vmax

8
 Stresses in Column

Le
M max  P(e  vmax )  P(e  e sec  e)
2
L
 Pesec
2

Le
(Pe sec )c
P Mc P 2
 max     2
A I A Ar
P  ec L 
 1  2 sec e 
A r 2 

9
cr

Y
ec/2=0.1

ec/2=0.5

ec
1.5
2

(kL/)

10
 Inelastic Buckling

Euler’s formula describes the behaviour of columns in an elastic manner – usually for columns with large slenderness ratios –

long columns.

Depending on whether the axially loaded member fails due to plastic yielding or buckling, it is classified as short,

intermediate or long.

Short columns yield

Long columns buckle elastically

Intermediate columns buckle inelastically

11
 Inelastic Buckling

cr

Y

Intermediate Long
Short

12
 Inelastic Buckling


D 
 Et = /
P
Proportional B
limit stress

A 

Et = tangent modulus

 2 Et
 cr  2
 kL 
 
 r 
13
 Inelastic Buckling

Case 1

 pl  Y due to presence of residual stress (in steel)

Average stress =  elastic across the whole section

14
 Inelastic Buckling

Y/2
+ - 2Y/3
- - Y/3 +
Residual stress

Y/6

= Y

Progressive
yielding

15