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    Bending of Beams

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    sakthistruct
    The document discusses buckling of beams under axial compression. It defines buckling as a sudden failure due to instability when a structure is subjected to compressive loads. The Euler buckling formula is derived, which relates the critical buckling load to the beam's second moment of area, length, and modulus of elasticity. Constraints at the beam ends are discussed, and it is shown that fixed ends increase the critical load compared to pinned or free ends. An example problem calculates the minimum length of a pin-ended strut before buckling based on its cross-section dimensions and material properties.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Bending of Beams

    Uploaded by

    sakthistruct
    27 views8 pages
    The document discusses buckling of beams under axial compression. It defines buckling as a sudden failure due to instability when a structure is subjected to compressive loads. The Euler buckling formula is derived, which relates the critical buckling load to the beam's second moment of area, length, and modulus of elasticity. Constraints at the beam ends are discussed, and it is shown that fixed ends increase the critical load compared to pinned or free ends. An example problem calculates the minimum length of a pin-ended strut before buckling based on its cross-section dimensions and material properties.

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    bend

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    Bending of beams

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    The document discusses buckling of beams under axial compression. It defines buckling as a sudden failure due to instability when a structure is subjected to compressive loads. The Euler buckling formula is derived, which relates the critical buckling load to the beam's second moment of area, length, and modulus of elasticity. Constraints at the beam ends are discussed, and it is shown that fixed ends increase the critical load compared to pinned or free ends. An example problem calculates the minimum length of a pin-ended strut before buckling based on its cross-section dimensions and material properties.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    27 views8 pages

    Bending of Beams

    Uploaded by

    sakthistruct
    The document discusses buckling of beams under axial compression. It defines buckling as a sudden failure due to instability when a structure is subjected to compressive loads. The Euler buckling formula is derived, which relates the critical buckling load to the beam's second moment of area, length, and modulus of elasticity. Constraints at the beam ends are discussed, and it is shown that fixed ends increase the critical load compared to pinned or free ends. An example problem calculates the minimum length of a pin-ended strut before buckling based on its cross-section dimensions and material properties.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    You are on page 1of 8

    2.

    0 Bending of Beams
    ☻2.1 Revision – Bending Moments

    ☻2.2 Stresses in Beams


    x x
    P
    x
    Mxz Mxz
    ☻2.3 Combined Bending and Axial Loading
    P1

    P2
    ☻2.4 Deflections in Beams

    2.5 Buckling (Refer: B,C & A –Sec’s 10.1, 10.2)


    MECHENG242 Mechanics of Materials Bending of Beams
    2.5 Bars Under Axial Compression - Buckling
    (Refer: B, C & A–Sec 10.1, 10.2)
    Euler, Leonard (1741)
    For bars or columns under compressive loading, we may witness a
    sudden failure, known as buckling.
    This is a form of instability.
    Consider load, P, plotted against
    P P horizontal displacement, v.

    Point of Bifurcation

    Short, Thick Long, Slender v


    MECHENG242 Mechanics of Materials Bending of Beams
    Consider a long slender bar under axial compression:

    y
    v
    P P
    d
    y z
    L b
    x
    x P
    P Mxz=-P.v
    From the Engineering Beam Theory:
    d2 v
    EIz  2  Mxz  P  v
    dx
    d2 v
     EIz  2  P  v  0
    dx
    2 P d2 v
    Let     2
    v0 Euler Equation
    EIz dx 2

    MECHENG242 Mechanics of Materials Bending of Beams


    d2 v 2 General Solution: v  A Sinx  B Cosx
    2
      v0
    dx
    (i) @ x=0 v0
    Boundary Conditions:
    (ii) @ x=L v0
    dv
    (Also, (iii) @x=L/2, 0)
    dx

    From (i): 0  A Sin 0   B Cos 0   B0

     v  A Sinx
    From (ii): 0  A SinL
    • If A=0, v=0 for all values of x
    (i.e. The bar remains straight – NO BUCKLING)

    • If Sin L=0, then (possible buckling solutions)


     L  0,  , 2 , 3 , ...
    MECHENG242 Mechanics of Materials Bending of Beams
    The Lowest Real Value: L  
    2 P  2 PC
    Since    2 
    EIz L EIz
    Where PC is the Critical or Euler Buckling Load.

    For buckling (i.e. at point of bifurcation):

    P  2EIz (Iz is the smallest 2nd


    PC 
    L2 Moment of Area)
    L  2
    P 4 2EIz
    PC 
    L2
    Points of
    v Bifurcation
     2EIz
    PC 
    L2
    L  
    P
    v
    MECHENG242 Mechanics of Materials Bending of Beams
    PC  2 EIz 
    Let C   C 
    A AL2
    I L
    Let Kz2 (Radius of Gyration)  z , and S (Slenderness Ratio) 
    A Kz
    L2
     2 E 
     S2  2  C 
    Kz S2

    C
    Unstable
    Short, Yield Empirical
    Thick Euler Stress
    Material
    Yielded
    Stable
    Long,
    Slender 0 S
    MECHENG242 Mechanics of Materials Bending of Beams
    End Constraints: Free or Pinned Ends
     2 EIz 
    P P PC 
    L2
    L
    Fixed Ends
    L/2
    4 2 EIz 
    P P PC 
    L2
    L
    One End Free
    2L
    & One End Fixed
    P P  2 EIz 
    PC 
    L 4L2

    One End Pinned


     2L & One End Fixed
    P P 22 EIz 
    PC 
    L L2
    MECHENG242 Mechanics of Materials Bending of Beams
    Example: Find the shortest length L of a Pin-Ended strut, having a
    cross-section of 60mm x 100mm for which the Euler
    Equation applies. Assume E=200 Gpa and Yield=250 MPa
     2 EIz 
    Euler Eqn., C 
    AL2
    Iz Min. value, i.e. Iz 
    100 60 
    3
     1.8  10 6 mm4
    12

    C  2 200  109 1.8  10 6 


     L  1.54 m
    250  10 0.1 0.06
    6

    Yd Euler L 2 Iz
    Theory Note: S  & Kz 
    =250 MPa Kz A
    1.54
     S  90
     1.8  10 6 
     0.1 0.06 
     
    0 90 S
    MECHENG242 Mechanics of Materials Bending of Beams

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