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    NREL - IEC 61400-12 - WTG Power Performance Measurement

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    jomoran
    This document summarizes the results of a power performance test conducted according to the IEC 61400-12-1 standard at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. The test characterized the output of a wind turbine versus wind speed, its overall efficiency as measured by the power coefficient, and estimated its annual energy production. The test involved instrumentation of the turbine and meteorological tower, collection of wind speed and power output data, normalization of the data, binning of results into 0.5 m/s categories, and analysis to determine the power curve, power coefficient curve, and annual energy production estimates along with uncertainties.

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    NREL - IEC 61400-12 - WTG Power Performance Measurement

    Uploaded by

    jomoran
    2K views23 pages
    This document summarizes the results of a power performance test conducted according to the IEC 61400-12-1 standard at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. The test characterized the output of a wind turbine versus wind speed, its overall efficiency as measured by the power coefficient, and estimated its annual energy production. The test involved instrumentation of the turbine and meteorological tower, collection of wind speed and power output data, normalization of the data, binning of results into 0.5 m/s categories, and analysis to determine the power curve, power coefficient curve, and annual energy production estimates along with uncertainties.

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    This document summarizes the results of a power performance test conducted according to the IEC 61400-12-1 standard at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. The test characterized the output of a wind turbine versus wind speed, its overall efficiency as measured by the power coefficient, and estimated its annual energy production. The test involved instrumentation of the turbine and meteorological tower, collection of wind speed and power output data, normalization of the data, binning of results into 0.5 m/s categories, and analysis to determine the power curve, power coefficient curve, and annual energy production estimates along with uncertainties.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    2K views23 pages

    NREL - IEC 61400-12 - WTG Power Performance Measurement

    Uploaded by

    jomoran
    This document summarizes the results of a power performance test conducted according to the IEC 61400-12-1 standard at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. The test characterized the output of a wind turbine versus wind speed, its overall efficiency as measured by the power coefficient, and estimated its annual energy production. The test involved instrumentation of the turbine and meteorological tower, collection of wind speed and power output data, normalization of the data, binning of results into 0.5 m/s categories, and analysis to determine the power curve, power coefficient curve, and annual energy production estimates along with uncertainties.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    The document discusses power performance testing of wind turbines which involves measuring output, efficiency and energy production as wind speed varies.

    The main steps involved in power performance testing are: test preparation, site selection and assessment, conducting the test, analysis and reporting.

    Instruments used to measure power performance include anemometers, wind vanes, power transducers and sensors to measure wind speed, direction, temperature and turbine output.

    Power Performance Testing IEC 61400-12-1 1st edition

    NWTC Joe Smith 20 October 2009 9:00 9:30am

    NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC

    Source DEWI: http://www.exportinitiative.de/media/article005913/dewi_klug_kanada_englisch_28032006.pdf


    National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future

    Results of Power Performance test

    Output of the turbine vs. wind speed Overall efficiency of turbine (power coefficient) Estimate the Annual Energy Production of turbine

    National Renewable Energy Laboratory

    Innovation for Our Energy Future

    Objective of Power Performance Tests

    Required for certification Independent check of manufacturer's claimed turbine performance

    National Renewable Energy Laboratory

    Innovation for Our Energy Future

    Objective of IEC Standard

    Basis for comparing different Wind Turbines Minimize uncertainty in test Improve repeatability between sites

    Annex H: Power performance testing of small wind turbines


    National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future

    How Does NREL Test Power Performance?


    1. Obtain test information on test turbine 2. Select, Develop, & Assess test site
    Determine preliminary measurement sector Prepare for site calibration, if required

    3. Test preparation
    Write test plan Check out instruments in the lab

    4. Readiness check
    Sign documents Commissioning Safety review

    5. Start test
    National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future

    Conduct Power Performance Test


    6. Analysis
    Analyze data on weekly/monthly basis Report on progress Identify and correct problems Determine when sufficient data has been obtained Keep to documented procedure Keep test log

    7. Test Report & review


    Write test report Send report to client Review test with participants
    National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future

    Power Performance - Instruments


    Instruments on Met Tower
    Primary Anemometer CLASS 1 Reference Anemometer Wind Vane Air Pressure Transducer Shielded Air Temperature Sensor Rain indicator Datalogger/DAS

    Instruments at Turbine
    Power Transducer Turbine Available Signal Turbine On-line Signal Nacelle anemometer (optional)

    National Renewable Energy Laboratory

    Innovation for Our Energy Future

    Power Performance - Instruments

    National Renewable Energy Laboratory

    Innovation for Our Energy Future

    Power Performance - Instruments

    National Renewable Energy Laboratory

    Innovation for Our Energy Future

    Power Performance - measurements


    RPM Turbine status signal(s) 1Hz or higher
    Mean Standard deviation Maximum Minimum

    National Renewable Energy Laboratory

    Innovation for Our Energy Future

    Power Performance - measurements


    1min data sets 10min per 0.5m/s bin 1m/s below cut-in to 14m/s

    Database for cutout hysteresis Databases for special operating condition For furling turbine, database should characterize performance when turbine is furled.

    National Renewable Energy Laboratory

    Innovation for Our Energy Future

    Power Performance Data Rejection


    External conditions exceeds operating range Turbine in faulted state Manually shut down (test or maintenance) Test equipment failure or degradation (e.g. icing) Wind direction outside measurement sector(s)
    Wind direction outside completed site calibration sector(s)

    Clearly report any other rejection criteria.

    National Renewable Energy Laboratory

    Innovation for Our Energy Future

    Power Performance Data Normalization


    Site Average air density Sea Level air density

    For Stall regulated wind turbines:

    National Renewable Energy Laboratory

    Innovation for Our Energy Future

    Power Performance - Binning


    Method of Bins Using 0.5m/s bins, calculate the mean, normalized: Wind speed Power output

    National Renewable Energy Laboratory

    Innovation for Our Energy Future

    Power Performance Power Coefficient

    National Renewable Energy Laboratory

    Innovation for Our Energy Future

    Power Performance - Results


    Power Curve (real power vs. wind speed) - normalized to sea-level density - normalized to site average density Power Coefficient Curve Wind Turbulence Intensity Scatter Plot Tables of data binned by wind speed - normalized wind speed - normalized output power - uncertainty Tables of calculated Annual Energy Production
    National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future

    Power Performance - Results


    Power Curve (real power vs. wind speed) - normalized to sea-level density

    National Renewable Energy Laboratory

    Innovation for Our Energy Future

    Power Performance - Results


    Power Coefficient Curve

    National Renewable Energy Laboratory

    Innovation for Our Energy Future

    Power Performance - Results


    Wind Turbulence Intensity Scatter Plot
    UL Training July 1999
    NREL Power Performance Testing
    Wind Turbulence Intensity
    40

    35

    SD Wind Speed/Mean Wind Speed, %

    30

    25

    20

    15

    10

    0 0 5 10 15 20 25

    Hub Height Wind Speed, m/s


    National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future

    Power Performance - Results


    Tables of data binned by wind speed
    Measured power curve, database A (All valid data)
    Reference air density: 1.225 kg/m^3

    Bin Num ber

    Hub height w ind speed m/s 0.57 1.03 1.50 2.02 2.51 3.01 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.01 5.50 6.00 6.50 6.99 7.49 7.99 8.49 8.99

    Pow er output (kW)

    Cp

    Num ber Data Sets

    Category A Standard Uncertainty (kW) 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

    Category B Standard Uncertainty (kW)

    Com bined Standard Uncertainty (kW) 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.004 0.004 0.004

    1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

    -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.17 0.19

    -26.562 -4.410 -1.460 -0.597 -0.313 -0.180 -0.085 0.049 0.155 0.211 0.240 0.254 0.256 0.249 0.237 0.222 0.205 0.188

    177 658 1181 1503 2229 2882 3107 3404 3352 4242 4845 4918 4616 3853 3267 2545 2109 1727

    0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.004 0.004 0.004

    National Renewable Energy Laboratory

    Innovation for Our Energy Future

    Power Performance - Results


    Tables of calculated Annual Energy Production
    Estimated annual energy production, database A (all valid data) Reference air density: 1.225 kg/m^3 Cut-out wind speed: 25.00 m/s Hub height Complete if Standard AEP- AEP measured annual Uncertainty extrapol is at least 95% average AEP-measured in AEPated wind speed of AEP measured (Rayleigh) extrapolated m/s MWh MWh % MWh 4 0.258 0.011 4% 0.258 Complete 5 0.499 0.015 3% 0.500 Complete 6 0.733 0.018 3% 0.742 Complete 7 0.925 0.020 2% 0.963 Complete 8 1.054 0.021 2% 1.154 Incomplete 9 1.122 0.021 2% 1.311 Incomplete 10 1.141 0.020 2% 1.434 Incomplete 11 1.124 0.019 2% 1.524 Incomplete
    National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future

    How does NREL Confirm Accuracy? Instrument calibrations by accredited laboratories In-lab equipment checks In-field equipment checks Data validity checks Proficiency testing (Round Robins)
    National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future

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