The Subjunctive

That-Clause Verbs used with the Subjunctive The verb be Adjectives used with the Subjunctive Nouns used with the Subjunctive Less Formal Usage Fixed Expressions using the Subjunctive Were-Subjunctive

The subjunctive is a special kind of present tense, using an infinitive that has no s in the third person singular. It is often used when talking about something that somebody must do. I insist (that) your friend leave this house at once. The subjunctive is a formal construction. It is more commonly used in American English than in British English, and more often in the written form than in the spoken form. It was used much more frequently in old English, but many of these forms have now disappeared in modern English.

That-clause
It is often used with a that-clause, especially in American English, to formally express the idea that something is important or essential. I demand that he leave at once.

Verbs used with the Subjunctive

Other verbs that are commonly used with the subjunctive are: advise, ask, beg, decide, decree, desire, dictate, insist, intend, move, order, petition, propose, recommend, request, require, resolve, suggest, urge, and vote. Tom suggested that his friends stay over for the night. Sam proposed that Tom telephone his accountant. She recommended that he go and see a doctor. The manager requested that everyone put their requests in writing. He insisted that she stay until the end of the week. The Queen commands that he attend the ceremony. He urged that a business manager be hired to help things run more smoothly. I simply requested, politely, that she refrain from smoking in my house. Sam recommended that you join the committee. The professor asked that Tim submit his research paper before the end of the week.

The verb be
Be has special subjunctive forms: I be, you be, she be, they be, etc. It is vital that you be truthful about what happened. He suggested that she be more vocal in the next meeting. She urged that the matter be resolved in a family court. Hadrian decreed that a new temple be built in the honour of Jupiter.

Adjectives used with the Subjunctive

Some adjectives can be followed by a subjunctive verb, like anxious, determined, eager. He was determined that they not separate. The political campaign is eager that their candidate step out of the shadows.

I am anxious that he discuss this with me soon. Certain adjectives can also be used with the subjunctive and `It`, like advisable, critical, desirable, essential, fitting, imperative, important, necessary, vital. It is imperative that you get home before dark. It is important that everyone follow the rules. It is necessary that everyone be calm in times of danger. It is essential that you arrive before 5pm. It is critical that the prime minister address those sensitive issues. It was vital that everything be done on time. It is crucial that we make it successful.

Nouns used with the Subjunctive

There are also nouns that can be followed by a subjunctive verb, like advice, condition, demand, directive, intention, order, proposal, recommendation, request, suggestion, wish. My advice is that the company invest in new equipment. She is free to leave, on condition that she commit no further offence. His deep wish is that his daughter go to university.

Less Formal Usage

There are several alternatives to the very formal standard subjunctive:

Should This construction is more common than the subjunctive in British English: Tom suggested that his friends should stay overnight.

She recommended that he should go and see his doctor.

The Indicative
This construction is also used sometimes in British English, but is rare in American English: She has demanded that the machinery undergoes vigorous tests to ensure high quality. It is imperative that more decisions are made by the shareholders. For + Infinitive It is essential for everyone to be informed of the new regulations. No Tense Change In colloquial English, it is possible to not make a tense change: She demanded that he left. She felt that it was necessary that she wrote a thank you letter to them.

Fixed Expressions using the Subjunctive

, as it were Be that is it may... Come what may
(in a way, so to speak) (Whether that is true or not) (Whatever happens) Far be it from me to disagree/criticise (To appear less hostile when disagreeing)

God bless you. God save the Queen! Heaven help us! Heaven forbid! If need be... Long live the bride and groom! , so be it.
Perish the thought!

(An exclamation of despair) (An exclamation that you hope something wont happen)

(If it is necessary)
(We cant do anything to change it) (A suggestion or possibility is unpleasant or ridiculous) (It is obvious/I will give a short explanation)

Suffice it to say

Were-Subjunctive
In hypothetical sentences, were is usually used instead of was: If I were you, Id learn how to drive. I wish it were Friday. It is important to note that was can also be used (although still considered incorrect by some grammarians), and is, in fact, more common in informal English. Sometimes I wish I was/were taller.

The subjungtif
That-Clause Itu-Klausul Verbs used with the Subjunctive Kata kerja digunakan dengan subjungtif The verb 'be' Kata kerja 'menjadi' Adjectives used with the Subjunctive Kata sifat digunakan dengan subjungtif Nouns used with the Subjunctive Nomina digunakan dengan subjungtif Less Formal Usage Kurang formal Penggunaan Fixed Expressions using the Subjunctive Tetap Ekspresi menggunakan subjungtif Were-Subjunctive Apakah-subjungtif
The subjunctive is a special kind of present tense, using an infinitive that has no s in the third person singular. Subjungtif adalah jenis khusus dari waktu sekarang, dengan menggunakan infinitive yang tidak memiliki-dalam bentuk tunggal orang ketiga. It is often used when talking about something

that somebody must do. Hal ini sering digunakan ketika berbicara tentang sesuatu yang seseorang harus lakukan. I insist (that) your friend leave this house at once. Saya menegaskan (bahwa) teman anda meninggalkan rumah ini sekaligus. The subjunctive is a formal construction. Subjungtif adalah sebuah konstruksi formal. It is more commonly used in American English than in British English, and more often in the written form than in the spoken form. Hal ini lebih umum digunakan dalam bahasa Inggris Amerika daripada di Inggris bahasa Inggris, dan lebih sering dalam bentuk tertulis daripada dalam bentuk lisan. It was used much more frequently in old English, but many of these forms have now disappeared in modern English. Itu digunakan jauh lebih sering dalam bahasa Inggris tua, tapi banyak dari bentuk-bentuk ini sekarang telah menghilang dalam bahasa Inggris modern.

That-clause Itu-klausul
It is often used with a that-clause, especially in American English, to formally express the idea that something is important or essential. Hal ini sering digunakan dengan klausul bahwa-terutama dalam bahasa Inggris Amerika, untuk secara resmi mengekspresikan ide bahwa ada sesuatu yang penting atau penting. I demand that he leave at once. Saya menuntut bahwa ia segera pergi.

Verbs used with the Subjunctive Kata kerja digunakan dengan subjungtif
Other verbs that are commonly used with the subjunctive are: advise, ask, beg, decide, decree, desire, dictate, insist, intend, move, order, petition, propose, recommend, request, require, resolve, suggest, urge, and vote. Kata kerja lain yang umum digunakan dengan subjungtif adalah: memberikan saran, bertanya, meminta, memutuskan, keputusan, keinginan, mendikte, bersikeras, berniat, memindahkan, ketertiban, petisi, mengusulkan, merekomendasikan, meminta, membutuhkan, menyelesaikan, menyarankan, mendesak, dan memilih. Tom suggested that his friends stay over for the night. Tom menyarankan agar teman-temannya bermalam malam ini.

Sam proposed that Tom telephone his accountant. Sam mengusulkan bahwa Tom telepon akuntannya. She recommended that he go and see a doctor. Dia merekomendasikan bahwa ia pergi menemui dokter. The manager requested that everyone put their requests in writing. Manajer meminta agar semua orang menempatkan permintaan mereka secara tertulis. He insisted that she stay until the end of the week. Dia bersikeras bahwa dia tinggal sampai akhir minggu. The Queen commands that he attend the ceremony. Perintah Ratu bahwa ia menghadiri upacara. He urged that a business manager be hired to help things run more smoothly. Dia mendesak bahwa seorang manajer bisnis dipekerjakan untuk membantu segala sesuatunya berjalan lebih lancar. I simply requested, politely, that she refrain from smoking in my house. Saya hanya diminta, sopan, bahwa ia menahan diri dari merokok di rumah saya. Sam recommended that you join the committee. Sam disarankan agar Anda bergabung dengan panitia. The professor asked that Tim submit his research paper before the end of the week. Profesor bertanya bahwa Tim menyerahkan kertas penelitiannya sebelum akhir minggu.

The verb 'be' Kata kerja 'menjadi'

'Be' has special subjunctive forms : I be, you be, she be, they be, etc. 'Jadilah' memiliki bentuk subjungtif khusus: Aku berada, Anda dapat, dia menjadi, tempatnya, dll It is vital that you be truthful about what happened. Sangat penting bahwa Anda jujur tentang apa yang terjadi. He suggested that she be more vocal in the next meeting. Dia menyarankan agar dia lebih vokal dalam pertemuan berikutnya. She urged that the matter be resolved in a family court. Dia mendesak agar masalah ini diselesaikan di pengadilan keluarga. Hadrian decreed that a new temple be built in the honour of Jupiter. Hadrian memutuskan bahwa kuil baru akan dibangun di kehormatan dari Jupiter.

Adjectives used with the Subjunctive Kata sifat digunakan dengan subjungtif
Some adjectives can be followed by a subjunctive verb, like anxious, determined, eager . Beberapa kata sifat dapat diikuti oleh kata kerja subjungtif, seperti cemas, ditentukan, bersemangat. He was determined that they not separate. Dia bertekad bahwa mereka tidak terpisah. The political campaign is eager that their candidate step out of the shadows. Kampanye politik adalah ingin bahwa kandidat mereka melangkah keluar dari bayangan. I am anxious that he discuss this with me soon. Saya cemas bahwa ia membicarakan hal ini dengan saya segera. Certain adjectives can also be used with the subjunctive and `It`, like advisable, critical, desirable, essential, fitting, imperative, important, necessary, vital. Kata sifat tertentu juga dapat digunakan dengan subjungtif dan `It`, seperti disarankan, kritis, penting diinginkan, penting, pas, penting, penting, perlu,. It is imperative that you get home before dark. Sangat penting bahwa Anda tiba di rumah sebelum gelap. It is important that everyone follow the rules. Adalah penting bahwa setiap orang mengikuti aturan. It is necessary that everyone be calm in times of danger. Hal ini diperlukan bahwa setiap orang bersikap tenang dalam saat bahaya. It is essential that you arrive before 5pm. Adalah penting bahwa Anda tiba sebelum jam 5 sore. It is critical that the prime minister address those sensitive issues. Sangat penting bahwa perdana menteri mengatasi masalah itu sensitif. It was vital that everything be done on time. Ini sangat penting bahwa semuanya dilakukan tepat waktu. It is crucial that we make it successful. Sangat penting bahwa kita membuatnya berhasil.

Nouns used with the Subjunctive Nomina digunakan dengan subjungtif

There are also nouns that can be followed by a subjunctive verb, like advice, condition, demand, directive, intention, order, proposal, recommendation, request, suggestion, wish. Ada juga kata benda yang dapat diikuti oleh kata kerja subjungtif, seperti saran,, kondisi permintaan, direktif, niat, ketertiban, usulan, rekomendasi, saran permintaan,, inginkan. My advice is that the company invest in new equipment. Saran saya adalah bahwa perusahaan berinvestasi dalam peralatan baru. She is free to leave, on condition that she commit no further offence. Dia bebas untuk pergi, dengan syarat bahwa ia tidak melakukan pelanggaran lebih lanjut. His deep wish is that his daughter go to university. Keinginan yang mendalam adalah bahwa putrinya pergi ke universitas.

Less Formal Usage Kurang formal Penggunaan

There are several alternatives to the very formal standard subjunctive: Ada beberapa alternatif ke subjungtif standar yang sangat formal: Should Harus This construction is more common than the subjunctive in British English: Konstruksi ini lebih sering terjadi daripada subjungtif di British bahasa Inggris: Tom suggested that his friends should stay overnight. Tom menyarankan agar teman-temannya harus menginap. She recommended that he should go and see his doctor. Dia merekomendasikan bahwa ia harus pergi dan menemui dokternya.

The Indicative Para Indikatif This construction is also used sometimes in British English, but is rare in American English: Konstruksi ini juga digunakan kadang-kadang di British bahasa Inggris, tetapi jarang terjadi pada bahasa Inggris Amerika: She has demanded that the machinery undergoes vigorous tests to ensure high quality. Dia menuntut agar mesin mengalami tes kuat untuk memastikan kualitas tinggi.

It is imperative that more decisions are made by the shareholders. Sangat penting bahwa keputusan yang lebih dibuat oleh pemegang saham. For + Infinitive Untuk infinitive + It is essential for everyone to be informed of the new regulations. Sangat penting bagi setiap orang untuk diberitahu tentang peraturan baru. No Tense Change Tidak Ada Perubahan Tegang In colloquial English, it is possible to not make a tense change: Dalam bahasa Inggris sehari, adalah mungkin untuk tidak membuat perubahan tegang: She demanded that he left. Dia menuntut agar ia pergi. She felt that it was necessary that she wrote a thank you letter to them. Dia merasa bahwa itu perlu bahwa ia menulis surat terima kasih kepada mereka.

Fixed Expressions using the Subjunctive Tetap Ekspresi menggunakan subjungtif

, as it were ..., Seolah-olah Be that is it may... Jadilah yang itu mungkin ... Come what may Apapun yang terjadi ...
(in a way, so to speak) (Dengan cara, sehingga untuk berbicara) (Whether that is true or not) (Apakah itu benar atau tidak ...) (Whatever happens) (Apa pun yang terjadi ...)

Far be it from me to disagree/criticise (To appear less hostile when disagreeing) (Untuk Jauhlah dari padaku untuk tidak tampak kurang bersahabat ketika tidak setuju) setuju / mengkritik

God bless you. Tuhan memberkati Anda. God save the Queen! Tuhan menyelamatkan Ratu! Heaven help us! Surga membantu (An exclamation of despair) (Sebuah seruan keputusasaan) kami! Heaven forbid! Surga melarang! If need be... Jika perlu ... Long live the bride and groom! Hidup pengantin! , so be it. ..., Jadi itu.
(An exclamation that you hope something won't happen) (Sebuah tanda seru yang Anda harapkan sesuatu yang tidak akan terjadi)

(If it is necessary) (Jika diperlukan)

(We can't do anything to change it) (Kami tidak dapat melakukan apapun untuk mengubahnya)

(A suggestion or possibility is unpleasant or ridiculous) (Sebuah saran atau kemungkinan tidak menyenangkan atau konyol) Suffice it to say Cukuplah untuk (It is obvious/I will give a short explanation) (Jelas / saya akan memberikan penjelasan singkat) mengatakan ... Perish the thought! Binasa pikiran itu!

Were-Subjunctive Apakah-subjungtif
In hypothetical sentences, were is usually used instead of was : Dalam kalimat hipotetis, yang biasanya digunakan sebagai pengganti adalah: If I were you, I'd learn how to drive. Jika aku jadi kau, aku akan belajar mengemudi. I wish it were Friday. Saya berharap itu adalah hari Jumat. It is important to note that was can also be used (although still considered incorrect by some grammarians), and is, in fact, more common in informal English. Penting untuk dicatat bahwa juga dapat digunakan (meskipun masih dianggap salah oleh beberapa ahli tata bahasa), dan, pada kenyataannya, lebih umum dalam bahasa Inggris informal. Sometimes I wish I was/were taller. Kadang-kadang aku berharap aku / lebih tinggi.