The document discusses various economic and development indicators such as per capita income, GDP, HDI, literacy rates, and infant mortality rates. It provides definitions and examples of these terms. For example, it defines per capita income as the average income per person in a country calculated by dividing total national income by the population. It also lists the categories for rich, middle income, and low income countries based on their per capita income levels according to the World Development Report 2006.
The document discusses various economic and development indicators such as per capita income, GDP, HDI, literacy rates, and infant mortality rates. It provides definitions and examples of these terms. For example, it defines per capita income as the average income per person in a country calculated by dividing total national income by the population. It also lists the categories for rich, middle income, and low income countries based on their per capita income levels according to the World Development Report 2006.
The document discusses various economic and development indicators such as per capita income, GDP, HDI, literacy rates, and infant mortality rates. It provides definitions and examples of these terms. For example, it defines per capita income as the average income per person in a country calculated by dividing total national income by the population. It also lists the categories for rich, middle income, and low income countries based on their per capita income levels according to the World Development Report 2006.
The document discusses various economic and development indicators such as per capita income, GDP, HDI, literacy rates, and infant mortality rates. It provides definitions and examples of these terms. For example, it defines per capita income as the average income per person in a country calculated by dividing total national income by the population. It also lists the categories for rich, middle income, and low income countries based on their per capita income levels according to the World Development Report 2006.
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Ideal 1 MARK QUESTIONS
81
ECONOMICS
1. DEVELOPMENT 1. Give some examples where factors other than income are important aspects of our lives. Working atmosphere, freedom, security and respect of others are some of the examples which are important aspects of our lives. 2. What is economic development ? Economic development is a process whereby real per capita income increase in the long run, accompanied by reduction in poverty, unemployment and inequality. Thus economic development includes both economic growth as well as economic welfare. 3. What is economic growth ? Economic growth is a process whereby real per capita income of a country increases over a long period of time. 4. Do the following two statements mean the same ? Justify your answer. (a) People have different development goals. (b) People have conflicting development goals. Both the statements mean the same because people may have different development goals which can be conflicting in nature depending upon their occupation, location and their aspiration. 5. What can be the aspiration of a trader ? 1. Cheap labour, 2. better infrastructure facilities, 3. less taxes, 4. high price for his products. 6. What is per capita income ? Per capita income is the average income of the people in a country and it can be calculated by dividing national income by the total population living in the country. 7. According to the World Development Report 2006 which countries come under the category of rich country and low income country ? Countries with per capita income of Rs. 4,53,000 per annum and above in 2004 are called rich countries and those with per capita income of Rs. 37,000 or less are called low income countries. 8. What is the per capita income level of middle income countries as per World Development Report 2006 ? Countries which have per capita income between 37,000 and Rs. 4,53,000 per annum comes under the category of middle income countries.
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CBSE SOCIAL SCIENCE [X]
9. Besides size of per capita income, what other property of income is important in comparing two or more societies ? Distribution of income is the other property which is important besides the size of per capita income in comparing two or more societies. 10. What do you understand by developed countries ? Countries which have high per capita income and are rated high in other Human Development Index (HDI) indicators like life expectancy at Birth and Literacy rate are considered developed countries. 11. Mention two features of a developed economy. High per capita income, better quality of life. 12. Give examples where collective provision of goods and services is cheaper than individual provision ? Hospital, schools and colleges, transport facilities are some of the examples where collective provision of goods and services is cheaper than individual provision. 13. Define Infant Mortality Rate (IMR). Infant Mortality rate indicates the number of children that die before the age of one year, as a proportion of 1000 live children born in that particular year. 14. What does literacy rate measure ? Literacy rate measures the proportion of literate population in the 7 and above age group. 15. Define net attendance ratio. It is the total number of children of age group 6 - 10 attending school, as a percentage of total number of children in the same age group. 16. Define sustainable development. It is the process of development which meets the needs of the present generation without reducing the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs. 17. List a few examples of environment degradation that you may have observed around you. Air pollution, water pollution, noise pollution, soil erosion are some of the examples of environmental degradation. 18. Name the index prepared by UNDP to measure quality of life. Human development Index is prepared by UNDP to measure quality of life. 19. List the social indicators taken into account by UNDP to construct HDI. Life expectancy at Birth Gross enrolment ratio Per capita income. 20. Define life expactancy at Birth. Life expectancy at birth means the number of years a new born is expected to live.
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Ideal 1 MARK QUESTIONS
83
21. Define Gross Enrolment Ratio. It indicates the percentage of population enrolled at primary, middle, secondary and university levels. 22. What forms of language existed before the use of letters ? Before the use of letters language existed in the forms of pictograms. 23. How is per capita income calculated ? Per capita income is the quotient obtained by dividing the national income by the population of the country in that specific year. 24. What is meant by National Income ? National income is the sum total of the value of goods and services produced in a country during a year. 25. What affects literacy rates in a country besides per capita income ? Literacy rates depend on what proportion of national income is being spent by the government on provision of facilities for elementary education. 26. Every development effort would affect some one adversely. How does government take a decision ? The government chooses a course that offers maximum good of maximum number. 27. Why do farmers oppose land acquisition even when they are being offered handsome compensation ? Farmers resist acquisition as they have no experience of investing money in a manner that would give them steady income the way they got from their farmland. 28. Why agriculture needs greater attention in development plans ? Agriculture is still a very significant contribution to national income as well as national employment. 29. Why infant mortality rate in Kerala is lower as compared to Punjab eventhough Punjab has a higher per capita inIndia ? Kerala government provides better healthcare facilities than Punjab. 30. The poor in Tamil Nadu, far better than poor in Jharkhand. Why ? Public distribution system in Tamil Nadu covers over 75% of the poor population in the state. The coverage in Jharkhand is just 8%. 31. Mention three indicators used for calculating PQLI index. Survival expectancy, Infant mortality and literacy rate. 32. Why is per capita income of different countries calculated in dollars and not in their own currencies by the World Bank? Because to compare different economies we can use only a common currency. _________
