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    Comparison of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Structure of Cells: Margie L. Stinson

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    Nicholas D. Wolfwood
    This document compares and contrasts the structures of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Some key differences include: - Prokaryotic cells are typically much smaller (1-10 microns) than eukaryotic cells (10-100 microns). - Prokaryotic cells generally consist of only plasma membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and a single circular DNA chromosome not enclosed in a nucleus. - Eukaryotic cells have more complex structures including organelles like the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts and a cytoskeleton. Their DNA is housed in linear chromosomes within the nucleus. - While most cells are unicellular, some prokaryotes

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    Comparison of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Structure of Cells: Margie L. Stinson

    Uploaded by

    Nicholas D. Wolfwood
    42 views4 pages
    This document compares and contrasts the structures of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Some key differences include: - Prokaryotic cells are typically much smaller (1-10 microns) than eukaryotic cells (10-100 microns). - Prokaryotic cells generally consist of only plasma membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and a single circular DNA chromosome not enclosed in a nucleus. - Eukaryotic cells have more complex structures including organelles like the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts and a cytoskeleton. Their DNA is housed in linear chromosomes within the nucleus. - While most cells are unicellular, some prokaryotes

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    Parts of the Cell Comparison between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

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    Cell Table

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    This document compares and contrasts the structures of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Some key differences include: - Prokaryotic cells are typically much smaller (1-10 microns) than eukaryotic cells (10-100 microns). - Prokaryotic cells generally consist of only plasma membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and a single circular DNA chromosome not enclosed in a nucleus. - Eukaryotic cells have more complex structures including organelles like the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts and a cytoskeleton. Their DNA is housed in linear chromosomes within the nucleus. - While most cells are unicellular, some prokaryotes

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    42 views4 pages

    Comparison of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Structure of Cells: Margie L. Stinson

    Uploaded by

    Nicholas D. Wolfwood
    This document compares and contrasts the structures of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Some key differences include: - Prokaryotic cells are typically much smaller (1-10 microns) than eukaryotic cells (10-100 microns). - Prokaryotic cells generally consist of only plasma membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and a single circular DNA chromosome not enclosed in a nucleus. - Eukaryotic cells have more complex structures including organelles like the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts and a cytoskeleton. Their DNA is housed in linear chromosomes within the nucleus. - While most cells are unicellular, some prokaryotes

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    Margie L.

    Stinson

    COMPARISON OF PROKARYOTIC AND EUKARYOTIC STRUCTURE of CELLS


    Characteristic Examples of Organisms that have prokaryotic cell structure Prokaryotic Cell Domain Archae (= Archaebacteria) Domain Bacteria (= Eubacteria) Eukaryotic Cell Domain Eukarya Kingdoms: Protista Fungi Animalia Plantae Some species are unicellular. These include all heterotrophic protistans plus unicellular algae (autotrophic) and yeast (the only unicellular fungi). Some species are multicellular, including the multicellular algae (protista) also known as kelp or seaweed; all plants and all animals. All cells in a multicellular organism are eukaryotic. Huge 10-100 microns Eukaryotic cells are approximately 10 times larger. If you were to draw a line 1 (2.54 cm) in length, you could place a chain of 50,000 prokaryotic cells (bacteria) or 5,000 eukaryotic cells on that line. more complex Earliest eukaryotic cell (protistan) existed 1.5 G y ago.

    Number of Cells in Organism

    Almost all are unicellular Some unicellular forms form aggregates. Only 1 form, discovered in 1999, appears to possibly be a colony with specialized cells (thus making it a multicellular bacterium).

    Relative Size

    Tiny 1-10 microns

    Relative Complexity Structurally & Functionally Evolutionary Appearance on Earth

    simpler Evidence of bacteria 3.5 billion years ago.

    STRUCTURES SHARED BY BOTH PRO + EU KARYOTIC CELL STRUCTURE


    Cell (plasma) Membrane Cytosol (also called cytoplasm or cytoskeleton) Ribosomes Nucelic Acids DNA Type: Quantity: Structure: YES YES YES YES

    YES YES single-stranded double-stranded small amount. Majority of DNA molecule exists as one chromosome (also called a DNA loop). Parts of DNA can be transcribed and these segments form circles called plasmids. Any plasmid only carries the genetic code of part of the DNA molecule.

    YES YES double-stranded (only) 1000 times more Cut into linear segments Called chromosomes. Plasmids do not exist.

    3 Chromosomes Attached to cell membrane? The ends of the main DNA chromosome or loop are attached to the plasma membrane. Plasmids are not attached, but would float in the cytoplasm. Plasmids can be passed through a conjugation tube, made by pili, to neighboring bacteria (= a form of sex). In cytoplasm. Area, where the DNA is most concentrated is called the nucleoid, nut this nucleoid area is not enclosed in membranes and thus is not a nucleus. Plasmids can float anywhere within the cytoplasm. The chromosomes are not attached to any membrane.

    DNA Location:

    Found within a nucleus, enclosed in a double-layered, porous membrane connected to the plasma membrane and to other organelles of the endomembrane system. Importantantly, the ends of the chromosomes are not attached to any membrane. Found in chloroplasts. Found in mitochondria.

    RNA: Type: Location:

    Single-stranded Double-stranded Associated with DNA and Ribosomes.

    Single-stranded (only) Associated with DNA and ribosomes in nucleus, chloroplasta and mitochondria. Floats in cytoplasm.

    4 Organelle Nucleus Nucleolus Ribosomes Cytosol ~ Cytoplasm Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Apparatus Mitochondria Chloroplasts Prokaryotic Cell Structure no no yes yes no no no No Chlorophyll on cyanobacteria is located on extensions of the plasma mambrane membrane. These membranes are analagous to membranous thylakoids in the mitochondria of chloroplasts of photosynthetic eukaryotic cells. no no no Eukaryotic Cell Structure yes no yes yes yes yes yes yes (only in in photosynthetic cells)

    Lysosomes Peroxisomes and microbodies Plastids

    yes yes yes, in certain plant cells

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