Circular - 108-02-2009-ST
Circular - 108-02-2009-ST
Circular - 108-02-2009-ST
108/02/2009 – ST
F. No. 137/12/2006-CX.4
Government of India
Ministry of Finance
Department of Revenue
Central Board of Excise and Customs
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th
New Delhi, dated 29 January 2009
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Construction of residential complex was brought under service tax w.e.f.01.06.2005. Doubts have
arisen regarding the applicability of service tax in a case where developer / builder/promoter enters into
an agreement, with the ultimate owner for selling a dwelling unit in a residential complex at any stage of
construction (or even prior to that) and who makes construction linked payment. The ‘Construction of
Complex’ service has been defined under Section 65 (105)(zzzh) of the Finance Act as “any service
provided or to be provided to any person, by any other person, in relation to construction of a complex”.
The ‘Construction of Complex’ includes construction of a ‘new residential complex’. For this purpose,
‘residential complex’ means any complex of a building or buildings, having more than twelve residential
units. A complex constructed by a person directly engaging any other person for designing or planning of
the layout, and the construction of such complex intended for personal use as residence by such person
has been excluded from the ambit of service tax.
2. A view has been expressed that once an agreement of sale is entered into with the buyer for a unit
in a residential complex, he becomes the owner of the residential unit and subsequent activity of a builder
for construction of residential unit is a service of ‘construction of residential complex’ to the customer and
hence service tax would be applicable to it. A contrary view has been expressed arguing that where a
buyer makes construction linked payment after entering into agreement to sell, the nature of transaction is
not a service but that of a sale. Where a buyer enters into an agreement to get a fully constructed
residential unit, the transaction of sale is completed only after complete construction of the residential
unit. Till the completion of the construction activity, the property belongs to the builder or promoter and
any service provided by him towards construction is in the nature of self service. It has also been argued
that even if it is taken that service is provided to the customer, a single residential unit bought by the
individual customer would not fall in the definition of ‘residential complex’ as defined for the purposes of
levy of service tax and hence construction of it would not attract service tax.
3. The matter has been examined by the Board. Generally, the initial agreement between the
promoters / builders / developers and the ultimate owner is in the nature of ‘agreement to sell’. Such a
case, as per the provisions of the Transfer of Property Act, does not by itself create any interest in or
charge on such property. The property remains under the ownership of the seller (in the instant case, the
promoters/builders/developers). It is only after the completion of the construction and full payment of the
agreed sum that a sale deed is executed and only then the ownership of the property gets transferred to
the ultimate owner. Therefore, any service provided by such seller in connection with the construction of
residential complex till the execution of such sale deed would be in the nature of ‘self-service’ and
consequently would not attract service tax. Further, if the ultimate owner enters into a contract for
construction of a residential complex with a promoter / builder / developer, who himself provides service
of design, planning and construction; and after such construction the ultimate owner receives such
property for his personal use, then such activity would not be subjected to service tax, because this case
would fall under the exclusion provided in the definition of ‘residential complex’. However, in both these
situations, if services of any person like contractor, designer or a similar service provider are received,
then such a person would be liable to pay service tax.
4. All pending cases may be disposed of accordingly. Any decision by the Advance Ruling Authority in
a specific case, which is contrary to the foregoing views, would have limited application to that case only.
In case any difficulty is faced in implementing these instructions, the same may be brought to the notice
of the undersigned.
(Gautam Bhattacharya)
Commissioner (Service Tax)
CBEC, New Delhi