Unit5 HPP

Multiple Integrals
In this chapter we consider the integral of a function of two variables f(x, y) over a
region in the plane and the integral of a function of three variables f(x, y, z) over a
region in space. These integrals are called Multiple integrals. We can use
multiple integrals to calculate quantities that vary over two or three dimensions,
such as the total mass or the angular momentum of an object of varying density
and the volume of solids with general curved boundaries.

Double Integration

We know that
[ ]
n n
b
a
x x f x x f x x f
x
n
Limit
dx x f
) ( . .......... ) ( ) (
0
) (
2 2 1 1
+ + +

Letus consider a function f(x,y) of two variables x and y defined in the finite
region A of xy-plane. Divide the region A into elementary areas
1
A ,
2
A ,.
An . Then

[ ]
n n
A
A x f A x f A x f
A
n
it
dA y x f
) ( . .......... ) ( ) (
0
lim
) , (
2 2 1 1
+ + +
=

Evaluation:

Double integration over region A may be evaluated by two successive
integrations.

If A is described as ) ( ) (
2 1
x f y x f and b x a ,then

=
A
b
a
x f
x f
dxdy y x f dA y x f
) (
) (
2
1
) , ( ) , (

First Method:

dA y x f
A
b
a
f
f

=
(
(
2
1
) , (

f(x,y) is

first integrated with respect to y treating x as constant between the limits
) ( ) (
2 1
x f and x f and then resulting expression is integrated with respect to x
between the limits a and b.

Second Method:

dA y x f
A
d
c
f
f

=
2
1
) , (
Here f(x,y) is first integrated with respect to x treating y as constant between the
limits ( ) y f and y f
2 1
) (
respect to y between the limits c and d.

Note:
For constant limits, it does not
or with respect to x.

Problems:

1) Evaluate dydx e
x
x
y

1
0 0
Solution:

dx dy y x f
x
x
(
(
(
) (
)
) , (

and then resulting expression is integrated with respect to x
between the limits a and b.
dy dx y x f
y
y
(
(
(
) (
) (
) , (

and then resulting expression is integrated with
respect to y between the limits c and d.
For constant limits, it does not matter whether we first integrate with respect to y

and then resulting expression is integrated with respect to x
and then resulting expression is integrated with
matter whether we first integrate with respect to y
Let dydx e I
x
x
y

=
1
0 0
since the limits are functions of x first
we have to integrate w.r.to y, then w.r.to x.

dx dy e I
x
x
y

(
=
1
0 0

dx
x
e I
x
y
=
1
0
0
/
1
/

[ ]

= =
1
0
1
0
) 1 ( 1 xdx e dx e I

( )
1
0
2
2
1
(
=
x
e I

( ) 1
2
1
= e I

2. Evaluate

+
+ +
1
0
1
0
2 2
2
1
x x
y x
dydx

Solution: Let
dx
y x
dy
I
x

(
(
+ +
=
+ 1
0
1
0
2 2
2
1

dx
x
y
x
I
x
2
1
0
1
0
2
1
2
1
tan
1
1
+
\
|
+ +
=

( )dx
x
I
+
=
1
0
1 1
2
0 tan 1 tan
1
1

dx
x
I
\
|
+
=
1
0
2
4 1
1

[ ]
1
0
2
1 log(
4
+ + = x x I

( ) [ ] 0 2 1 log
4
+ =

I
( ) 2 1 log
4
+ =

I

3. Evaluate

a
ay
xydxdy
0 0

Let

=
a
ay
xydxdy I
0 0

dy xydx y I
a
ay

(
(
=
0 0

dy
x
y I
ay
a
0 0
2
2
(
=

[ ]dy ay y I
a
=
0
0
2
1

dy y
a
I
a
=
0
2
2

a
y a
I
0
3
3 2
(
=

(
=
3 2
3
a a
I

6
4
a
I =

4. Evaluate

a
y a
dxdy
0 0
2 2

Let

=
a
y a
dxdy I
0 0
2 2
= dy dx
a
y a

(
(

0 0
2 2

[ ] dy x I
a
y a

=
0
0
2 2
= dy y a
a

0
2 2

Let sin a y = therefore d a dy cos =
Limits when y=0 , 0 =
y=a ,
2
=
2
0
2 2
sin
d a I =
=
2
0
2 2
cos
d a

( )

=
2
0
2
2
2 cos 1
d a I =
2
0
2
2
2 sin
2
=
a

4
0
2 2
2 2
a a
I =
(
=

5. Evaluate ( )dxdy y x

+
1
0
3
0
2 2
3
Solution: Let ( )dxdy y x I

+ =
1
0
3
0
2 2
3 = dy xy
x
3
0
1
0
2
3
3
3
(
+ =
[ ]dy y I
+ =
1
0
2
9 9 = [ ]dy y
+ =
1
0
2
1 9

1
0
1
0
3
3
9
(
+ =
y
y I =
(
+ =
3
1
1 9 =12

6. Evaluate

xydxdy over the region in the positive quadrant for which
1 + y x .

Solution: x+y=1 represents a line AB in the figure. 1 < + y x represents the plane
OAB.
Therefore the region for integration is OAB as shown in the figure
By drawing pQ parallel to y-axis, P lies on the line AB (x+y=1) and Q lies on x-
axis. The limits for y are 0 and (1-x). Also limits for x are 0 to 1 as the strip
moves from left to right.

Let

=
1
0
1
0
x
xydxdy I =
dx
y
x
x
(
=
1
0
1
0
2
2

( ) dx x x I
2
1
0
1
2
1
=
= ( )dx x x x 1 2
2
1
2
1
0
+ =

(
2 3
1
0
2
2
1
+ =
x x x I

24 2
1
3
2
4
1
2
1
=
(
+ = I

7. Evaluate
R
xydxdy where R is the quadrant of the circle
0 , 0 y x .
Solution: Given that 0 x
quadrant of the circle
2
x +
Therefore, the limits for y are y=0 to

R
xydxdy

=
a x a
xydxdy
0 0
2 2

(
=
a
y
x
0
2
2
[
=
a
a x
0
2
2
1

[
=
a
x a
0
2
2
1

x
a
2
2
2 2
1
=

4 2 2
1
4
a a
=

8. Evaluate
A
xydxdy
, where A is the domain bounded by x
x=2a and the curve 4
2
ay x =
)
1
0
2 3 4
2 3
2
4 2
1
(
+ =
x x x
dx x
24
1

where R is the quadrant of the circle
2 2
y x = +
0 , 0 y , therefore, region of integration be the first
2 2
a y = .
Therefore, the limits for y are y=0 to
2 2
x a y = and x=0 to x=a

xydxdy
x a
dx
0
2 2

] dx x
2 2

] dx x
3

a
x
0
4 2
4 2
(
(

8 4
4 4
a a
=
(
(

, where A is the domain bounded by x-axis, ordinate
. ay
X
2
a , and
, therefore, region of integration be the first
axis, ordinate

Solution: The region of integration be OAB and limits for y are
a
x
y to y
4
0
2
= = and x=0 to x=2a.

A
xydxdy

=
a a
x
xydxdy
2
0
4
0
2

(
=
a
y
x
2
0
2
2

=
a
x
x
0
16 2
1
[
=
a
a
0
2
32
1

x
a
2
6 32
1
=
32
1
6
2
a
a

3
4
a
=

9. By double integration , find the area of the circle

Solution: The circle is symmetrical about the co
both x & y occur with even powers.
The area of the circle is

Solution: The region of integration be OAB and limits for y are
and x=0 to x=2a.
xydxdy
(
(
a
x
dx
4
0
2

(
(
dx
a
x
2
4
16

[ ]dx x
5

a
x
2
0
6
6
(
(

(
(
6
6 6
x

By double integration , find the area of the circle
2 2 2
a y x = + .
Solution: The circle is symmetrical about the co-ordinate axes x and y, since
both x & y occur with even powers.
ordinate axes x and y, since

dxdy
= 4

[
=
a
0
4

=
a
0
4

x
4
=
0 4
=

2
2
4a
=

10. Using double integration, find the area of the ellipse

1
2
2
2
2
= +
b
y
a
x
Solution: The equation of the ellipse is
terms having even powers of x and y. Therefore the ellipse is s
x and y.

a x a
dxdy
0 0
2 2

[ ]
x a
dx y
0
2 2

dx x a
2 2

a
a
x a
a
x a
0
1
2 2 2
sin
2
(
(
(
+

a
a
0
1
2
0 1 sin
4
(
(

2
2
a
=

Using double integration, find the area of the ellipse
1
.
Solution: The equation of the ellipse is
1
2
2
2
2
= +
b
y
a
x
, the equation contain the
terms having even powers of x and y. Therefore the ellipse is symmetrical about
, the equation contain the
ymmetrical about

The area bounded by the ellipse

= A

= A

= A
A
a
b 4
=
=
4
a
A

A =

11. Find the area of the triangle formed by the line y=x, x=3 and
double integration.

Solution: Here area of integration is OAB and integrating first w.r.to y and then
w.r.to x.
The limits of integration are
Y=0 to y=x
x=0 to x=3

The area bounded by the ellipse
1
2
2
2
2
= +
b
y
a
x
is given by

=
a
x a
a
b
dydx
0 0
2 2
4

[ ]

a
x a
a
b
dx y
0
0
2 2
4

a
dx x a
a
b
0
2 2
4

a
a
x a
a
x a x
a
b
0
1
2 2 2
sin
2
(
(
+

1 sin
2
0
4
1
2
a
a
b

ab
a
a
b
=
2 2
4
2

Find the area of the triangle formed by the line y=x, x=3 and y=0 using
The limits of integration are
y=0 using
Therefore Area A =
x

3
0 0
= =

12. Find the area between the parabola

Solution: Given ax y 4
2
=
and x 4
2
=
on solving equations (1) and (2), we get the point of intersection

from (2)
a
x
y
4
2
= and
substituting it into (1), we get

( )
ax
a
x
4
4
2
4
=
i.e. ( )
3 3
4a x =
therefore a x 4 = similarly
the point of intersection is
dividing the area into horizontal strips of width
x varies from
a
y
4
2
to ay 4
y varies from y=0 to y=4a
The required area

dxdy = [ ] dx
x
y
0
3
0
=
dx x
=
3
0
=
0
3
2
2
(
=
x

2
9
=
Find the area between the parabola ax y 4
2
= and ay x 4
2
= .
ax (1)
ay 4 (2)
on solving equations (1) and (2), we get the point of intersection
( )
2
4
2
4a
x
y =
substituting it into (1), we get
similarly a y 4 =
the point of intersection is ( ) a a 4 , 4
dividing the area into horizontal strips of width
y
,
and

=
a
ay
a
y
dxdy A
4
0
4
4
2

=
a
ay
a
y
dx dy A
4
0
4
4
2

A
4
=

A
=
4
A
= A

= A

16
A =

Y
O
A(4a,4a)
y
2
=4ax
P
Q
dxdy

[ ] dy
a
y
ay
x
a
4
4
2
4
0

dy
a
y
ay
a
(
4
0
2
4
4

a
y
a
y
a
4
0
3
2
3
3 4
1
2
3
4
(
(
(

( ) ( )
(

3
2
3
4
12
1
4 4
3
2
a
a
a a

(
2 2
5
3
16
3
2
a a

2
3
16
a

X
A(4a,4a)
=4ax
x
2
=4ay

The Cartesian coordinates ( x,y) and the polar coordinates
transformation equation x
transformation is given by

( )
( )
=
y
r
y
x
r
x
r
y x
J
,
,
=
sin
cos
=

1. Transform the integral into polar coordinates and hence evaluate

a a
0 0
2
Solution: Given

Here upper limit of y is
a

2 2
., . x a y e i =
(1) represents the circle whose center is (0,0) and radius a. Lower limit of y is
zero i.e. x-axis. Lower limit of x is zero i.e. y
first quadrant of the circle.

Letus convert (1) into polar co
Therefore
2 2
a y x = +

2
a r =
In the first quadrant
Limits for r are 0 = r to
Change of variables
The Cartesian coordinates ( x,y) and the polar coordinates ( ) , r are related by
cos r = , sin r y = . The Jacobian of the
transformation is given by
0
cos sin
sin cos
=
r
r
r

Transform the integral into polar coordinates and hence evaluate
+
x
dydx y x
0
2 2
2 2

+
a x a
dydx y x
0 0
2 2
2 2

2 2
x a

2 2 2 2 2 2
a y x x a y = + + = (1)
axis. Lower limit of x is zero i.e. y-axis. Region of integration is the

Letus convert (1) into polar co-ordinates by putting cos r x = , y
2
a
2
a or a r =
to a r = and
are related by
. The Jacobian of the
Transform the integral into polar coordinates and hence evaluate

axis. Region of integration is the
sin r = .
Limits for
are 0 = to
2
=

Therefore

+
a x a
dydx y x
0 0
2 2
2 2

( )

=
2
0 0
a
rdrd r

[ ] dr r
a
2
0
2
0

dr r
a
=
0
2
2

=
6 3 2
3
0
3
a r
a

=
(
=

2. Change into polar coordinates and evaluate

( )

+
0 0
2 2
dydx e
y x

Solution: The given limits of integration are
0 = y to = y and
0 = x to
= x

i.e. the entire first quadrant,
let cos r x = and
sin r y =

therefore
2 2 2
a y x = +

Limits for r are 0 = r to
= r
and
Limits for
are 0 = to
2
=
Therefore

( )

+
0 0
2 2
dydx e
y x

=
0
2
0
2
rdrd e
r

[
0
=
=
2

Let t r =
2
therefore
Limits are same

( )

+
0 0
2 2
dydx e
y x

3. Evaluate
+
a a
y
x
xdxdy
0
2
coordinates.
Solution: Given

a a
y
x
0
[ ] dr e r
r
2
2
2
0

dr e r
r
0
2
2

dt rdr = 2 and
2
dt
rdr =
dydx
2 2
0
dt
e
t
=
0
1 4
t
e

[ ] 1 0
4
+ =

4
=

+ y
xdxdy
2 by changing to polar
+ y x
xdxdy
2 2

Limits for x are
y x =
to
a x =
and
Limits for y are 0 = y to
a y =

The region of integration is OAB
The lower limit for 0 = r
Upper limit a r = cos
Therefore
cos
a
r =

The lower limit for 0 = which is varying from OA to OB

|
\
|
=

x
y
1
tan at B a y = and a x =
( )
4
1 tan
1

= =

Therefore
varies from 0 = to
4
=

Then

+
a a
y
y x
xdxdy
0
2 2
=

4
0
cos
0
2
cos

a
r
rdrd r

=

4
0
cos
0
cos

a
drd

Y
X
O
A(a,0)
B( a,a)
x=y x = a

4. Using polar coordinates find the area of the circle
integration

Solution: The circle
2
x +
the elementary area of the circle in the first quadrant.

Therefore

Area =
R
dA 4
=
R
4
=
4
=
[ ]
4
0
cos
0
d r
a

=
d
a
(
4
0
cos
cos

=
4
0
d a

= [ ]
4
0
a
=
4
a

4. Using polar coordinates find the area of the circle
2 2 2
a y x = +
2 2
a y =
about the coordinate axis. Let dA=dxdy be
the elementary area of the circle in the first quadrant.

R
dxdy

a
y a
dxdy
0 0
2 2

by double
about the coordinate axis. Let dA=dxdy be
=

2
0 0
4
a
rdrd

=
d
r
a
(
2
0 0
2
2
4
=
d
a
2
0
2
2
4

= [ ]
2
0
2
2
a
=
2
2
2

a
=
2
a

Change of order of integration

On changing the order of integration, the limits of the integration change. To find
the new limits, draw the rough sketch of the region of integration.
Some of the problems connected with double integrals, which seem to be
complicated can be made easy to handle by a change in the order on integration.

1. Evaluate
dxdy
y
e
x
y

0

Solution: Given
dxdy
y
e
x
y

0

Here the elementary strip PQ extends from y=x to
= y
and this vertical strip
slides from x=0 to
= x
.
On changing the order of integration, we first integrate w.r.to x along a horizontal
strip RS which extends from x=0 to x=y. To cover the given region, we then
integrate w.r.to y from y=0 to
= y
.
dxdy
y
e
x
y

0
=

2. Change the order of integration in
Solution: Given

Limits are for y are
x y =
x are x=0 , x=1.

The region of integration is OBA, if we change the order of integration, the region
of integration will be OBC and ABC.
Y
R
S
P
Q
O y = x

dxdy =
dxdy
y
e
y
y

0 0

=
[ ] dy x
y
e
y
y
0
0

= [ ]dy y
y
e
y

0

=
dy e
y
0

=
0
1
y
e
= [ ]
0
0 e +
= 1.
2. Change the order of integration in
dxdy xy
x
x

1
0
2
2
.

dxdy xy
x
x

1
0
2
2

2
x
, y = 2-x
x are x=0 , x=1.
of integration will be OBC and ABC.
X

i.e., dxdy xy
x
x

1
0
2
2

=

1
0
2
1

3. Evaluate

+
a a
y
x
xdxdy
0
2
Solution:
Limits are

The limits of integration asserts that the region of integration is bounded by the
lines
y x =
, a x = ,

=
OBC
xydxdy
+

ABC
xydxdy
=

1
0 0
y
xydxdy
+

2
1
2
0
y
xydxdy
=
1
0 0
2
2
dy
x
y
y
+
2
1
2
2
x
y
= [ ]
1
0
2
1
dy y y + ( )

2
1
2
2
2
1
dy y y
1
0
2
dy y
+
( )
+
2
1
2
4 4
2
1
dy y y y
= ( )
+ +

2
1
3 2
1
0
2
4 4
2
1
dy y y y dy y
=
(
(
+ +
(
2
1
4 3 2
1
0
3
4 3
4
2
4
3 2
1 y y y y
=
(
+ +
4
15
3
28
6
3
1
2
1

=
8
3

+ y
xdxdy
2
by changing the order of integration.
y x =
, a x = and
0 = y ,
a y =

0 = y
, a y = .

xydxdy

(
2
0
dy
y

dy
dy

(
(
dy
(
(
(

integration.
The region of integration is the triangle OPQ.
If the order of integration is changed the limits for y are
DC, the limits for x are = x

Therefore
+
a a
y
x
xdxdy
0
2

4. By changing the order of integration, evaluate

(x
y

3
0
4
0

Solution: Given

The region of integration is OABC. If we change the order of integration the
region will divide into two parts, ODBC and ABD, then the limits are
Y
Q
O
Y = 0
The region of integration is the triangle OPQ.
If the order of integration is changed the limits for y are
0 = y
, y
0 = ,
a x =
.

y
2
+
=
a x
y x
xdxdy
0 0
2 2

(
\
|
=

a
y
dx
x
y
0 0
1
tan

[ ]
=

a
dx
0
1
0 ) 1 ( tan

=
a
dx
0
4

[ ]
a
x
0
4
=

4
a
=
4. By changing the order of integration, evaluate
)dxdy y +

( )dxdy y x
y

+
3
0
4
0

region will divide into two parts, ODBC and ABD, then the limits are
X

x y = along
In the region ODBC
x
y

In the region ABD
x
y
Thus
( )dxdy y x
y

+
3
0
4
0
( )dxdy y x
x

+ +
2
1
4
0
2
dy xy
x
+ =
3
0
1
0
2
2
dy y
(
+ =
3
0
1
0
2
1
+
3
0
2
2 2
(
+ =
y y
2
+
60
1587
=

5. Evaluate
dxdy y
x

1
0
1
0
2
2
Solution: The region of integration is OAB,
If we change the order of integration, vertical strip AB will convert into horizontal
strip CD. Then the new limits are
1 0
3 0
= =
= =
x to
y to y

2 1
4 0
2
= =
= =
x to
x y to y

)dxdy

( )dxdy y x

+ =
3
0
1
0
dxdy

dy
dy
y
xy
x
+ +
2
1
4
0
2
2
2

( ) ( ) dy x x x
(
+
2
1
2
2 2
4
2
1
4
5 3 4
2
5 3
8
16
2
1
4

\
|
+ +
x x
x
x
x
dxdy
Solution: The region of integration is OAB,
strip CD. Then the new limits are
2
1
(
(
|
|
|

(
2
1 0
1 0
y x to x
y to y
= =
= =

Therefore
dxdy y
x

1
0
1
0
2
2

Let sin = y , therefore
Limits
1
0
=
=
then y
then y when
Therefore y

1
0
2
1
(
sin 1 sin
2
0
2
=

)

dxdy

dxdy y
y

=
1
0
1
0
2
2

[ ] dy x y
y

=
1
0
1
0
2
2

dy y y
=
1
0
2 2
1

, therefore d dy cos =

2
0
=
=
then
then

dy y
2
=
) d cos sin
2

2
2
0
2
cos sin
=

32
=
.

d
Triple Integration
Let a function f(x,y,z) be a continuous at every point of a finite region S of three
dimensional space. Consider n subspaces
n
s s s s . .......... , ,
3 2 1
of the space
S.
If ( )
r r r
z y x , , be a point in the rth space.
The limit of the sum , ) , , (
1
r r r
n
r
r
S z y x f
=
as n , 0
r
S is known as
the triple integral of ( )
r r r
z y x f , , over the space S.
Symbolically, it is denoted by

S
dS z y x f ) , , (
It can be calculated as

2
1
2
1
2
1
) , , (
x
x
y
y
z
z
dz dy dx z y x f
, first we integrate with
respect to z treating x,y as constant between the limits
2 1
z and z . The
resulting expression is integrated with respect to y keeping x as constant
between the limits
2 1
y and y . At the end we integrate the resulting
expression within the limits
2 1
x and x .
i.e.
(
(
(
(
(
(

=
=
=
=
=
=
) , (
) , (
) (
) (
2 2
1 1
2 2
1 1
2
1
) , , ( ) , ( ) (
y x f z
y x f z
x y
x y
b x
a x
dz z y x f dy y x dx x

First we integrate from inner most integral w.r.t z, then we integrate with respect
to y and finally the outer most with respect to x.

Examples:
1. Evaluate
( )
+ +
R
dxdydz z y x
where 1 0 x ,
2 1 y
,
3 2 z .
Solution: Given
( )
+ +
R
dxdydz z y x

( )dz z y x dy dx

+ + =
1
0
2
1
3
2

( )
3
2
2 1
0
2
1
2
(
+ +
=

z y x
dy dx

( )

+ + =
1
0
2
1
5 2 2 dy y x dx

(
+
=
1
0
2 x

(
=
1
0
4
8
1
x

(
+ =
1
0
4 x

2
2
=
x

2
9
=

2. Evaluate
(
+
R
x
2
bounded by x=0,y=0,z=0 and
Solution: Given

(
R
x

a z y x = + +
or
On xy plane,
z y x = + +
Upper limit of x a y =
Upper limit of
a x =
.

dy dx
a x a x a

=
0 0 0

)
(
(
+ +
2
1
2
2
5 2
dx
y

) + 2 16 dx

) 4 dx

1
0
2
4
(
(
+ x

) + dxdydz z y
2 2
where R denote the region
bounded by x=0,y=0,z=0 and
a z y x = + +
, 0 > a .
) + + dxdydz z y x
2 2 2

y x a z =
which the upper limit for z
a =
becomes a y x = + as shown in the figure.
x
( ) dz z y x
y
+ +
2 2 2

where R denote the region

as shown in the figure.

y x a
a x a
z
z y z x dy dx

+ + =

0
2
2 2
0 0
2

( ) ( )
( )
dy
y x a
y y x a y x x a x dx
a x a

+ + =
0 0
3
3 2 2 2
3

( ) ( )
( )
x a
a
y x a y y
x a
y
x y x a x dx

+ + =
0
4
4 3 2
2 2
0
4 4 3 2

( )
( )

+ =
a
dx
x a
x a
x
0
4
2
2
4 2

( )
( )

+ + =
a
dx
x a
x ax x a
0
4
4 3 2 2
4
2
2
1

( )
a
x a x x
a
x
a
0
4 5 4 3
2
4 5 4
2
3 2
1
(

+
|
|
\
|
+ =

30 10 4 6
5 5 5 5
a a a a
+ + =

20
5
a
=

Integration by changing of Cartesian coordinates into spherical coordinates

Sometimes it is easy to integrate by changing the Cartesian coordinates into
spherical coordinates.
The relation between the Cartesian and spherical polar are given by the relations
cos sin r x = ,
sin sin r y = ,
cos r z =

d drd J dxdydz =
d drd r sin
2
=
Note.
1. Spherical coordinates are very useful if the expression
2 2 2
z y x + +
is
involved in the problem.
2. In a sphere
2 2 2 2
a z y x = + + the limits of r are 0 to a and limits of
are
, 0
and that of
are 2 , 0 .

Examples
1. Evaluate the integral
( )
+ +
v
dxdydz z y x
2 2 2
taken over the
volume enclosed by the sphere
1
2 2 2
= + + z y x
.

Solution: Letus convert the given integral into spherical coordinates.

( )
+ +
v
dxdydz z y x
2 2 2
( )

=

2
0 0
1
0
2 2
sin dr d d r r

=

2
0 0
1
0
4
sin dr r d d

(
=

2
0 0
1
0
5
5
sin
r
d d

[ ]

2
0
0
cos
5
1
d

2
0
5
2
d

[ ]

2
0
5
2
=

5
4
= .

2. Evaluate the integral
+ +
v
z y x
dxdydz z
2 2 2
2
over the volume of the
sphere 2
2 2 2
= + + z y x .

Solution: Convert the given integral into spherical coordinates, we have

+ +
v
z y x
dxdydz z
2 2 2
2

( )

d drd
r
r

=
2
0
2
0
2
0
2
2 4
sin cos
8

Because sphere
2
2 2 2
= + + z y x
lies in 8 quadrants, which are the limits in first
octant.

=
2
0
2
0
2
0
2 2
sin cos 8

dr r d d

(
=
2
0
2
0
2
0
2
3
3
sin cos 8

r
d d

[ ]
2
0
2
0
3
2
0
3
3
3
cos
8
(
=
r

3
2 2
3
1
2
8

=

9
2 8
=
.

Application of Triple integration:

Volume: The elementary volume v is z y x , , and therefore the volume of
the whole solid is obtained by evaluating the triple integral.

= = dxdydz V volume

Example:
1. Find the volume of the tetrahedron bounded by the planes x=0,y=0,z=0 and
a z y x = + +
.

Solution: Here we have a solid which is bounded by x=0,y=0,z=0 and
a z y x = + +
planes.
The limits of z are 0 to
y x a z =
, the limits of y are 0 to
x a y =
, the
limits of x are 0 and
a x=
.

Therefore

= =
a x a y x a
dxdydz V Volume
0 0 0

[ ]

=
a x a
y x a
dxdy z
0 0
0

( )

=
a x a
dxdy y x a
0 0

|
|
\
|
=
a
x a
dx
y
xy ay
0
0
2
2

|
|
\
|
=
a
dx
x a
x a x x a a
0
2
2
) (
) ( ) (

|
|
\
|
+ =
a
dx
x
ax
a
0
2 2
2 2

a
x ax x a
0
3 2 2
3 2 2
(
+ =

|
|
\
|
+ =
3 2 2
3 3 3
a a a

6
3
a
=

2. Find the volume of the cylindrical column standing on the area common to
the parabolas x y =
2
, y x =
2
and cut off by the surface
2
12 x y z + = .
Solution: we have x y =
2
, y x =
2
,
2
12 x y z + = .

+
=
1
0
12
0
2
x
x
x y
dz dy dx V

[ ]dy x y dx
x
x

+ =
1
0
2
12

dx y x
y
y
x
x
2
2
2 1
0
2
12
(
+ =

dx x
x
x x
x
x
(
+ + =
4
4
2
2
5 2 1
0
2
12
2
12

1
0
5 5
3
2
7 2
2
3
5 10
4
7
2
4
12
3
2
(
+ + =
x x
x x
x
x

(
+ + =
5
1
10
1
4
7
2
4
1
8

140
569
=

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Multiple Integrals

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