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    Continuous-Phase Frequency-Shift Keying (CPFSK)

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    William Castro
    cpfsk

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Continuous-Phase Frequency-Shift Keying (CPFSK)

    Uploaded by

    William Castro
    719 views16 pages
    cpfsk

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    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

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    cpfsk

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    719 views16 pages

    Continuous-Phase Frequency-Shift Keying (CPFSK)

    Uploaded by

    William Castro
    cpfsk

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 16
    At a glance
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    The document discusses various types of continuous phase modulation techniques such as CPFSK, CPM, GMSK, MSK, OQPSK and their properties.

    Some of the continuous phase modulation techniques discussed include CPFSK, CPM, multi-h CPM, full response CPM, partial response CPM and GMSK.

    CPFSK is a special case of CPM where the modulation index is fixed for all symbols.

    Continuous-Phase Frequency-Shift Keying (CPFSK) & Continuous-Phase Modulation (CPM)

    Dr. Ali Muqaibel

    Dr. Ali Muqaibel

    Continuous Phase Frequency Shift Keying (CPFSK)


    CPM :the phase of the signal is constrained to be continuous Memory. For FSK, there are two options
    Frequency Control

    f1 f2

    T = k/R seconds.

    F tunable

    Output signal

    fM m f, 1 m M, M=2k
    Large spectral side lobes outside of the main spectral band of the signal (bandwidth requirements)

    The information-bearing signal frequency modulates a single carrier whose frequency is changed continuously. The resulting frequency modulated signal is phase-continuous, (CPFSK)

    Dr. Ali Muqaibel

    Representation of CPFSK
    {an} information sequence 001010111101 {In} sequence of amplitudes obtained by mapping k-bit blocks of binary digits from the information sequence {an} into the amplitude levels 1,3, . . . , (M 1). g(t) pulse shape. Example: rectangular pulse of amplitude 1/2T and duration T seconds. d(t) is used to frequency-modulate the carrier v(t) the equivalent lowpass waveform fd is the peak frequency deviation and 0 is the initial phase of the carrier The carrier-modulated signal corresponding
    (t; I) represents the time-varying phase of the carrier

    Dr. Ali Muqaibel

    CPFSK
    Although d(t) contains discontinuities, the integral of d(t) is continuous. The phase of the carrier in the interval nT t (n + 1)T
    (t ; I ) = 4 f d T d ( )d =4 f d T I n g ( nT ) d
    I g ( kT ) k d + 4 f d T I n g ( nT )d k = Note that the g(t) is assumed to be rectangular pulse of amplitude 1/2T and t duration T seconds. n 1 (t ; I ) = 2 f d T I k d + 2 f d Tq( nT ) I n = n + 2 hI n q( nT ) k = h=2fdT ,The parameter h is called the modulation index.
    t t

    (t ; I ) 4 f d T

    n 1

    We observe that n represents the accumulation (memory) of all symbols up to time (n 1)T .

    Dr. Ali Muqaibel

    Continuous-Phase Modulation (CPM)


    CPFSK is a special case of CPM

    When hk = h for all k, the modulation index is fixed for all symbols. When the modulation index varies from one symbol to another, the signal is called multi-h CPM. If g(t) = 0 for t > T , the signal is called fullresponse CPM. If g(t) >< 0 for t > T , the modulated signal is called partial-response CPM.

    Dr. Ali Muqaibel

    Pulse Shapes for CPM

    Pulse shapes for full response CPM


    REC=Rectangle RC=Raised Cosine For L > 1, additional memory is introduced in the CPM signal by the pulse g(t)

    Pulse shapes for partial response CPM.

    Dr. Ali Muqaibel

    Gaussian minimum-shift keying (GMSK)


    GMSK with BT = 0.3 is used in the European digital cellular communication system, called GSM. We observe that when BT = 0.3, the GMSK pulse may be truncated at |t| = 1.5T with a relatively small error incurred for t > 1.5T
    B, which represents the 3-dB bandwidth of the Gaussian pulse

    Dr. Ali Muqaibel

    Phase trajectory for CPFSK.

    Phase trajectory for binary CPFSK


    Dr. Ali Muqaibel

    Phase trajectory for quaternary CPFSK


    8

    Piecewise vs. smooth phase tree

    Phase trajectories for binary CPFSK (dashed) and binary, partial response CPM based on raised cosine pulse of length 3T (solid). [From Sundberg (1986), 1986 IEEE.]

    Dr. Ali Muqaibel

    Phase cylinder

    Phase cylinder for binary CPM with h = and a raised cosine pulse of length 3T. [From Sundberg (1986), 1986 IEEE.
    Dr. Ali Muqaibel 10

    State Trellis & State diagram

    The phase transitions from one state to another are not true phase trajectories. They represent phase transitions for the (terminal) states at the time instants t = nT .

    State trellis for binary CPFSK with h =


    Dr. Ali Muqaibel 11

    Minimum Shift Keying (MSK)


    MSK is a special form of binary CPFSK (and, therefore, CPM) in which the modulation index h = and g(t) is a rectangular pulse of duration T
    CPM CPFSK

    GMSK

    Dr. Ali Muqaibel

    12

    Offset QPSK (OQPSK)

    A possible mapping for QPSK

    The in-phase and quadrature components for QPSK

    Dr. Ali Muqaibel

    13

    Possible phase transitions in OQPSK signaling Possible phase transitions in QPSK signaling

    Dr. Ali Muqaibel

    14

    MSK may also be represented as a form of OQPSK. Specifically, we may express the equivalent lowpass digitally modulated MSK signal

    Dr. Ali Muqaibel

    15

    Comparing MSK, OQPSK, and QPSK

    Dr. Ali Muqaibel

    16

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