DATA SHEET

Hydraulic Fluid........................................................................................................................... P. 854

Part 1: Part 2: Part 3: Part 4: Part 5: Requirements, Classification, and Properties Viscosity and Contamination Control Service Limit and Contamination Measuring Instrument YUKENs Hydraulic Equipment and Fluid Types (1) YUKENs Hydraulic Equipment and Fluid Types (2)

Formulas/Nomograms ............................................................................................................. P. 859

Part 1: (1) Formulas (1. Pump Output, 2. Shaft Input, 3. Volumetric Efficiency, 4. Overall Efficiency, etc.) Part 2: (1) Cylinder Speed, (2) Cylinder Pressure Part 3: (1) Pipe Size/Flow Velocity, (2) Steel Pipes/Tubes Part 4: (1) Viscosity vs. Temperature, (2) Viscosity Conversion Chart

O-Ring Size ................................................................................................................................ P. 863

Part 1: JIS B 2401 Part 2: AS 568 (Former ARP 568), Aerospace Size Standard for O-Rings

International System of Units (SI) ........................................................................................ P. 865 - P. 868

853

Hydraulic Fluid [Part 1]

Requirements, Classification, and Properties
Requirements
Hydraulic pumps, control valves, and hydraulic cylinders operate at high pressure and high speed; they are also constructed of a variety of materials. Considering these facts as well as fluid temperature and ambient conditions during operation, the following requirements for hydraulic fluids must be met. Maintaining proper viscosity as temperature changes Flowable at low temperature Resistant to high temperature degradation Providing high lubricity and wear resistance 40 Highly oxidation stable Highly shear stable Non-corrosive to metal Exhibiting good demulsibility/water separation when mixed with water Rust-preventive Non-compressible Providing good defoaming performance Fire-resistant

Data Sheet

Classification
JIS standards for hydraulic fluids do not currently exist, and fluids that meet the above requirements and have a viscosity equivalent to that of petroleum based turbine oils (JIS K 2213) are used. Turbine oils are classified into two types: Type 1 (without additives) and Type 2 (with additives). Type 2 turbine oils contain antirust, antioxidant, and other additives. JIS K 2213 Type 2 turbine oils and special oils with a viscosity grade of ISO VG 32, 46, or 68 are widely used. If there is a risk of fire in the event of fluid leakage or blowout from hydraulic systems, fire-resistant synthetic or water containing fluids are employed. These fire-resistant fluids have different properties from petroleum base oils and must be handled carefully in practical applications. Chlorinated hydrocarbon fluids are rarely used for industrial purposes in Japan, since they become highly toxic and corrosive when decomposed. While other fluids are also available, fluids used for general industrial purposes are largely categorized as follows.

R&O Type Oil Petroleum Base Oil Additive Turbine Oil Special Oil

Anti-Wear Type Hydraulic Oil High Viscosity Index Hydraulic Oil Low Temperature Hydraulic Oil High Temperature Hydraulic Oil

Phosphate Ester Fluid Hydraulic Fluid Synthetic Fluid (Fire-Resistant) Water Containing Fluid (Fire-Resistant) Polyol Ester Fluid Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Fluid Water-Glycol Fluid Water-In-Oil (W/O) Emulsion Oil-In-Water (O/W) Emulsion

Properties (Example)
Hydraulic Fluid Item Specific Gravity (15/4 C) Viscosity 2 (mm /s) 40 C 100 C Petroleum Base Oil (Type 2 Turbine Oil Equivalent to ISO VG 32) 0.87 32.0 5.4 100 70 -10 1.0 Phosphate Ester Fluid Polyol Ester Fluid Water-Glycol Fluid W/O Emulsion O/W Emulsion

1.13 41.8 5.2 20 100 -20 1.03

0.93 40.3 8.1 160 100 -5 1.0

1.04 - 1.07 38.0 7.7 146 50 -30 1.2

0.93 95.1 140 50 0 0.7 - 0.8

1.00 0.7 50 0 (Same As Water)

Viscosity Index (VI) Max. Operating Temp. (C) Min. Operating Temp. (C) Strainer Resistance

854

Data Sheet

Hydraulic Fluid [Part 2]

Viscosity and Contamination Control
Viscosity

Data Sheet

The viscosity of industrial lubricants, including hydraulic fluids, is measured by kinematic viscosity v [m /s], which is obtained by 2 dividing absolute viscosity by density. It is typically expressed in units of square millimeters per second (mm /s). For viscosity 2 measurement, a capillary viscometer is used to determine kinematic viscosity (mm /s) as per JIS K 2283 Crude petroleum and petroleum products - Determination of kinematic viscosity and calculation of viscosity index from kinematic viscosity. Hydraulic fluid viscosity critically affects the performance of hydraulic systems. System operation with a hydraulic fluid viscosity outside the specified range may result in pump suction failure, internal leakage, poor lubrication, valve malfunction, or heat generation in the circuit, shortening the life of equipment or causing a major accident. According to JIS K 2001 Industrial liquid lubricants - ISO viscosity classification, 20 viscosity grades are available ranging from ISO VG 2 to 3200. The figure below shows the viscosity range associated with the operation of hydraulic systems. For details, see Viscosity vs. Temperature on page 862. Viscosity Range (at 40 C) Kinematic Viscosity [mm /s]
2

ISO Viscosity Grade (ISO VG) For JIS K 2213 Type 2 (with additives), three grades ISO VG 32, 46, and 68 are available.

Contamination control
Cleanliness Hydraulic fluid replacement is required in the following three cases. (a) Deterioration or degradation of the fluid (b) Particulate contamination of the fluid (c) Water contamination of the fluid While Table 3 provides guidelines for (a), the necessity of hydraulic fluid replacement is caused by (b) and (c) in most cases. Particulate contamination of hydraulic fluids may result in pump wear or valve malfunction. In particular, the performance of systems equipped with precision valves (e.g. electro-hydraulic servo valves) and actuators is adversely affected by fine particles of a few micrometers to a few tens of micrometers. Thus, it is necessary to control the level of contamination properly by measuring the size and number of particles in the fluid with a microscope or by measuring the mass of particles per unit volume of the fluid. For the determination of the fluid cleanliness level, filter 100 ml of the fluid through a filtration device and collect particles on a millipore filter (a filter with fine pores of 1/1000 mm). Measure the number and size of the collected particles for classification as shown in Table 1. For highly contaminated fluids, determine the cleanliness level based on the mass of particles collected on the millipore filter, as shown in Table 2. Unused R&O type oils have a cleanliness level of Class 6 to 8 shown in Table 1. Table 1 NAS Cleanliness Level Based on Particle Counting Size (m) 5 - 15 15 - 25 25 - 50 50 - 100
More than 100

Number of particles per 100 ml Class (NAS 1638) 5 6 7

8,000 1,425 253 45 8
16,000 32,000

00
125 22 4 1 0

0
250 44 8 2 0

1
500 89 16 3 1

2
1,000 178 32 6 1

3
2,000 356 63 11 2

4
4,000 712 126 22 4

8
64,000

9
128,000

10
256,000

11
512,000

12
1,024,000 182,400

2,850 506 90 16

5,700 1,012 180 32

11,400 2,025 360 64

22,800

45,600

91,000 16,200

4,050 720 128

8,100 1,440 256

32,400

2,880 512

5,760 1,024

NAS: National Aerospace Standard

ISO: International Organization for Standardization

Data Sheet

Table 2 Classification Based on the Gravimetric Method NAS

mg/100 ml Class

0.02

0.05

0.10 C 2.0 - 3.0

0.3 D 3.0 - 4.0

0.5 E 4.0 - 5.0

0.7 F 5.0 - 7.0

1.0 G 7.0 10.0

2.0 H 10.0 15.0

4.0 I 15.0 25.0

A B MIL Less mg/100 ml 1.0 - 2.0 than 1.0 MIL: Military Specifications and Standards

Data Sheet

855

Hydraulic Fluid

Class

100

101

102

103

104

105

106

107

108

Hydraulic Fluid [Part 3]

Service Limit and Contamination Measuring Instrument
Service limit Unused R&O type oils contain 50 to 80 ppm (0.005 to 0.008%) of water, but the water content increases due to entry of atmospheric moisture through the actuator or air breather. Water may cause rust on the inside of hydraulic equipment, poor lubrication, or accelerated degradation of the hydraulic fluid. The water content of the fluid is measured by Karl Fischer titration (based on the quantitative reaction of the reagent with water) with a sensitivity of 10 ppm. The particulate/water contamination tolerance of hydraulic fluids varies depending on the system configuration as outlined in Tables 4 and 5. Table 4 Recommended Control Level of Fluid Contamination System Configuration System with Servo Valve System with Piston Pump System with Proportional Electro-Hydraulic Control Valve System Operating at Pressures Higher than 21 MPa System Operating at Pressures of 14 to 21 MPa General Low Pressure Hydraulic System Class JIS B 9933 (ISO 4406) 18/16/13 20/18/14 20/18/14 20/18/14 21/19/15 21/20/16 NAS 7 9 9 9 10 11
Fluid Type Test Item Kinematic Viscosity (40 C) mm2/s Total Acid Number mgKOH/g

Data Sheet

Table 3 Criteria for Hydraulic Fluid Replacement (Example)

Petroleum Base Oil R&O Anti-Wear Water-Glycol Fluid

10% a 0.25 b 0.25 40%

10%

: Variation in kinematic viscosity : Additive type (a: Non-zinc based, b: Zinc based) Table 3 provides guidelines for hydraulic fluid replacement. Detailed specifications vary depending on the manufacturer, and additional control requirements may be applied. Contacting the fluid manufacturer is recommended. For example, the total acid number (or acid number) is a measure of fluid degradation and affected by the additive type and level. For water-glycol fluids, the pH value is also controlled.

Comparison of JIS B 9933 (ISO 4406) and NAS for reference Table 5 Water Contamination Tolerance of R&O Type Oils System Conditions The hydraulic fluid is cloudy with water. The system has a circuit for circulating the hydraulic fluid back to the oil tank and operates without long-term shutdown. The piping length of the system is long, and the hydraulic fluid does not fully circulate in the circuit. The system remains out of service for a long period (safety system), has a circuit in which the hydraulic fluid hardly moves, or is designed to provide precision control. 1 ppm = 1/1000000 Service Limit To be immediately replaced 500 ppm 300 ppm 200 ppm

Portable Fluid Contamination Measuring Instrument

CONTAMI-KIT
Model Number: YC-100-22 YUKENs CONTAMI-KIT is a fluid contamination measuring instrument that samples hydraulic fluids and microscopically measures the distribution of particles collected on a membrane filter as per JIS B 9930 or SAE ARP 598 A. Specifications 1) Power supply: Both AC and DC power supplies supported (100 V AC/6 V DC) 2) Microscope magnification: 100 times (40 times: Option for KYC-100-L-20) 3) Applicable fluids: Petroleum base oil, polyol ester fluid, and water-glycol fluid (optional) 4) Case dimensions: L 600 W 240 H 360 mm 5) Total mass: Approximately 9 kg Features of CONTAMI-KIT 1) Usable everywhere Portable and supports both AC and DC power supplies (switchable). 2) User-friendly Requires no skills and involves only comparing the results with the standard contamination plate. 3) Time-efficient Takes only about 10 minutes for each measurement. 4) Supporting photo taking Allows photo taking with a single-lens reflex camera for recording.

Sample

Standard Contamination Plate

856

Data Sheet

Hydraulic Fluid [Part 4]

YUKENs Hydraulic Equipment and Fluid Types (1) Data Sheet

Hydraulic equipment is affected differently depending on the fluid type; special care should be taken when selecting the equipment. The table below shows YUKENs hydraulic equipment available for each fluid type. For details, see the relevant pages. Hydraulic Fluid Equipment A Series Variable Displacement Piston Pump Fixed Displacement Vane Pump Pressure Control Valve Flow Control Valve Directional Control Valve Modular Valve Logic Valve Proportional Electro-Hydraulic Control valve Servo Valve Cylinder CJT Series CBY14 Series Accumulator Needle Valve Tank Filter Oil Level Gauge Rubber Tube Inside Coating of Oil Tank Effect on Metals Nitrile Rubber Fluororubber Silicone Rubber Butyl Rubber Ethylene Propylene Rubber Urethane Rubber Fluororesin Chloroprene Leather Petroleum Base Oil
(Equivalent to JIS K 2213 Type 2)

Phosphate Ester Fluid Custom: Z6 Seal: Fluororubber F- + Standard Model Seal: Fluororubber F- + Standard Model Seal: Fluororubber F- + Standard Model Seal: Fluororubber F- + Standard Model Seal: Fluororubber F- + Standard Model Seal: Fluororubber F- + Standard Model Seal: Fluororubber F- + Standard Model Seal: Fluororubber
1

Polyol Ester Fluid Consult us. Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Packing Material: 6 (HNBR) Butyl Rubber Diaphragm Type Prohibited Standard Aluminum Direct Reading Type Nitrile Rubber Phenolic Coating Prohibited None Permitted Permitted Permitted Prohibited Permitted Permitted Permitted Permitted Permitted Data Sheet
2

Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Packing Material: 6 (HNBR) Standard/ Commercially Available Product Standard Aluminum Direct Reading Type Nitrile Rubber Epoxy/Phenolic Coating Permitted None Permitted Permitted Prohibited Prohibited Prohibited Permitted Permitted Permitted Permitted -

F- + Standard Model Seal: Fluororubber F- + Standard Model Seal: Fluororubber Semi-Standard Packing Material: 3 (Fluororubber) Butyl Rubber Diaphragm Type/ Piston Type (Except for Aluminum) Permitted F- + Standard Model Seal: Fluororubber Aluminum Remote Reading Type Butyl Rubber Inside Coating Prohibited (Chemical Conversion Coating Permitted) Aluminum Sliding Parts Prohibited Prohibited Permitted Permitted Permitted Permitted Prohibited Permitted Prohibited Permitted Protect electrical wiring by applying oil resistant coating or by running it in conduits.

Seal

Other

1. Contact us for details of EH Series High Response Directional and Flow Control Valves (EHDFG-04/06). 2. Contact us for details of EH Series Directional and Flow Control Valves (EHDFG-03) and EH Series High Response Directional and Flow Control Valves (EHDFG-04/06).

Data Sheet

857

Hydraulic Fluid

Hydraulic Fluid [Part 5]

YUKENs Hydraulic Equipment and Fluid Types (2)
Hydraulic Fluid Equipment A Series Variable Displacement Piston Pump Fixed Displacement Vane Pump Pressure Control Valve Flow Control Valve Directional Control Valve Modular Valve Logic Valve Proportional Electro-Hydraulic Control Valve Servo Valve Cylinder CJT Series CBY14 Series Accumulator Needle Valve Tank Filter Oil Level Gauge Rubber Tube Inside Coating of Oil Tank Effect on Metals Nitrile Rubber Fluororubber Silicone Rubber Butyl Rubber Ethylene Propylene Rubber Urethane Rubber Fluororesin Chloroprene Leather Other Water-Glycol Fluid Custom: Z30 M- + Standard Model PV2R: Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard
1

Data Sheet

W/O Emulsion Custom: Z30 Custom: Z35 (M- + Standard Model in some cases) PV2R: Standard Consult us. Consult us. Standard Consult us. Consult us. Consult us. Consult us. Standard Seal: Nitrile Rubber Standard Packing Material: 6 (HNBR) Standard/ Commercially Available Product Standard Aluminum/Stainless Steel (Cadmium or Galvanizing Prohibited) Direct Reading Type Nitrile Rubber Inside Coating Prohibited (Chemical Conversion Coating Permitted) Copper, Cadmium, or Zinc Prohibited Permitted Permitted Prohibited Prohibited Prohibited Prohibited Permitted Permitted Prohibited Be sure to have the oil tank bottom tilted and equipped with a drain cock.

O/W Emulsion Consult us.

Consult us. Consult us. Consult us. Consult us. Consult us. Consult us. Consult us. Consult us. Custom Seal: Nitrile Rubber Standard Packing Material: 6 (HNBR) Standard/ Commercially Available Product Standard Stainless Steel (Aluminum Prohibited) Direct Reading Type Nitrile Rubber Epoxy Coating Permitted None Permitted Permitted Prohibited Prohibited Prohibited Prohibited Permitted Permitted Prohibited -

Standard Seal: Nitrile Rubber Standard Packing Material: 6 (HNBR) Standard/ Commercially Available Product Standard Stainless Steel (Aluminum, Cadmium, or Galvanizing Prohibited) Direct Reading Type Nitrile Rubber Inside Coating Prohibited (Chemical Conversion Coating Permitted) Aluminum, Cadmium, or Zinc Prohibited Permitted Permitted Prohibited Permitted Permitted Prohibited Permitted Permitted Prohibited -

1. Contact us for details of EH Series High Response Directional and Flow Control Valves (EHDFG-04/06). 2. Contact us for details of the following products. - On-Board Electronics Type Linear Servo Valves without DR Port (Wet Type Pilot Valve: LSVHG-*EH-*-W)

858

Seal

Data Sheet

Formulas/Nomograms [Part 1]
(1) Formulas

Data Sheet

SI Unit Hydraulic Power (Pump Output)

LO: Hydraulic Power kW P: Pressure MPa Q: Flow L/min * 1 kW = 1 kNm/s = 60 kNm/min Li: Shaft Input kW T: Shaft Torque Nm N: Shaft Speed r/min

Engineering Unit (Reference)

LO: Hydraulic Power kW P: Pressure kgf/cm2 Q: Flow L/min * 1 kW = 102 kgfm/s = 6120 kgfm/min Li: Shaft Input kW T: Shaft Torque kgfm N: Shaft Speed rpm

Shaft Input Hydraulic Pump

Volumetric Efficiency

V: Volumetric Efficiency % QP: Flow at Pressure P L/min QO: Flow at No Load L/min * QO - QP = Pumps Total Internal Leakage : Overall Efficiency % LO: Hydraulic Power kW Li: Shaft Input kW P: Discharge Pressure MPa Q: Flow L/min : Overall Efficiency % LO: Hydraulic Power kW Li: Shaft Input kW P: Discharge Pressure kgf/cm2

Overall Efficiency

Hydraulic Motor Output

L: Output kW T: Torque Nm N: Speed r/min L: Output kW T: Torque kgfm N: Speed rpm

Cylinder Output

L: Output kW F: Force kN V: Speed m/min

L: Output kW F: Force kgf V: Speed m/min

Valve Power Loss

Flow Q Pressure P1
Valve

Pressure P2

Pressure Loss:
Power Loss between Valve Inlet and Outlet: L

Viscosity (Absolute) and Kinematic Viscosity

: Viscosity (Absolute) Pas (= Ns/m2) : Density kg/m3 1: Kinematic Viscosity m2/s 2: Kinematic Viscosity mm2/s : Viscosity (Absolute) kgfs/cm2 : Density kgfs2/cm4 1: Kinematic Viscosity cm2/s 2: Kinematic Viscosity cSt : Specific Gravity kgf/cm3 g: Gravitational Acceleration 980 cm/s2 * 1 cSt = 0.01 cm2/s
Dimensionless Quantity

Reynolds Number
Diameter d Velocity V Flow Q R: Reynolds Number : Kinematic Viscosity

* R < 2300: Laminar Flow R > 2300: Turbulent Flow

Orifice Flow
Q: L/min : kg/m3 C: Dimensionless Discharge Coefficient P: MPa A: cm2 A: Opening Area P = P1 - P2 C = Discharge Coefficient = Specific Gravity = Density Q: L/min g: 980 cm/s2 C: Dimensionless Discharge Coefficient : kgf/cm3 A: cm2 P: kgf/cm2

Data Sheet

Note) The value of discharge coefficient depends on the flow channel geometry and the Reynolds number; it generally ranges from 0.6 to 0.9.

Data Sheet

859

Formulas/Nomograms

860
Cylinder Size Area Inside Dia.

Force Flow

Determination of Cylinder Pressure

Cylinder Speed

Cylinder Speed

The force value obtained from this chart assumes that the rod side pressure P and the packing resistance F0 are 0. Pressure

Cylinder Size Area Inside Dia.

Formulas/Nomograms [Part 2]

(1) Cylinder Speed, (2) Cylinder Pressure

Data Sheet
Area A1 Flow Q1 Area A2 Force F1 Area A2 Speed V1 Flow Q2 Unit

Area A1

Pressure P1 Pressure P2 Packing Resistance F0

Data Sheet

Unit

Formulas/Nomograms [Part 3]
(1) Pipe Size/Flow Velocity, (2) Steel Pipes/Tubes
Pipe Size/ Flow Velocity
Flow Pipe Size Inside Area Inside Dia. Flow Velocity

Data Sheet

Nominal Pipe Size Reference Value of Velocity in Pressure Pipe

2 Steel Tubes/Pipes SGP. STS370. STPS2 Carbon Steel Pipes

Pipe Type - Nominal Pres. MPa - Safety Factor - Nominal Dia. Outside (A) (B) mm 8 1/4 13.8 10 3/8 17.3 15 1/2 21.7 20 3/4 27.2 25 1 34.0 32 1 1/4 42.7 40 1 1/2 48.6 50 2 60.5 65 2 1/2 76.3 80 3 89.1 90 3 1/2 101.6 100 4 114.3 125 5 139.8 150 6 165.2 SGP (JIS G 3452) 2 Thickness mm 4 8 or more Thick Sch. mm No. 6 Thick mm 2.8 2.9 3.4 3.6 3.7 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.5 4.5 5.0 3.9 5.2 5.2 5.7 6.0 9.5 11.0 40 40 40 40 40 80 80 Sch. No. 40 40 40 40 40 STS370 (JIS G 3455) 10 16 6 or more 5 or more Thick Sch. Thick Sch. mm No. mm No. Note) 25 Thick mm 3.7 3.9 4.5 4.9 5.1 5.5 7.0 7.6 15.9 18.2 80 80 80 80 80 80 160 160 6.4 7.1 8.7 9.5 11.1 12.7 13.5 160 160 160 160 35 4 or more Sch. Thick No. mm 3.0 3.2 80 4.7 80 5.5 6.4 160 8.0 160 9.0 160 11.2 14.2 16.5 20.0 20.0 Sch. No. 80 80 160 160 160 1. The selection of steel pipes based on the operating pressure may be difficult, since the pressure fluctuation, pipe vibration, pipe connection type, and other factors must be considered. Refer to the nominal pressure values and their corresponding safety factors in the left table for pipe selection. 2. Sch. No. is an abbreviation for schedule number. Note that indicates special thick wall steel pipes with no schedule number. <Reference> JIS G 3452, 3454 to 64 Description Schedule number = 10 P/S where P: Operating pressure MPa S: Allowable stress MPa 3. Designation (-B Series of Yuken) (Example 1) SGP pipe: SGP-2 1/2B (Example 2) STS370 with Sch. No.: STS370-3/4B Sch. 80 (Example 3) STS370 special thick wall steel pipe: STS370-1 1/4B 8.0 t

Reference Value of Velocity in Suction Pipe

Data Sheet

Precision Carbon Steel Tubes for Compression Type Tube Fittings

Thickness (mm)
Nominal Pres. MPa Outside mm 6 10 12 16 20 25 Safety Factor 10 16 25 35 Note)

6 or more

2.0 2.0 2.5

2.5

4 or more 1.5 1.5 2.0 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.0 4.0

1. STPS2 defined in JIS B 2351-1 Annex 2. 2. For selection considerations, refer to Note 1 in the Carbon Steel Pipes section. 3. Designation (Example) STPS2-12 2.5

Data Sheet

861

Formulas/Nomograms

8.1 8.6

80 80

Formulas/Nomograms [Part 4]
(1) Viscosity vs. Temperature, (2) Viscosity Conversion Chart Data Sheet

Viscosity vs. Temperature

Viscosity

Fluid Viscosity Grade

(ISO-VG*)

Temperature

Viscosity Conversion Chart Use the following equations when 2 the viscosity is 100 mm /s or more. SSU 0.220 mm2/s RSS 0.2435 mm2/s E 7.6 mm2/s
(Ex.)

Square Millimeters Per Second (mm /s)

862

Data Sheet

Square Millimeters Per Second (mm /s)

Saybolt Universal Seconds (SSU)

Redwood No. 1 Seconds (RSS)

Engler Degrees (E)

O-Ring Size [Part 1]

JIS B 2401

Data Sheet

O-Ring Types According to JIS and YES (Yuken Engineering Standards) Remarks
For Use with Mineral Oils Material: Nitrile Rubber
For Use with Heat Resistant/Synthetic Oils Material: Fluororubber

Spring Hardness: 70 Spring Hardness: 90 Spring Hardness: 70 Spring Hardness: 90

Designation

Actual Size (mm)

Note) 1. -P* denotes dynamic O-rings; -G* denotes static O-rings. 2. The basic sizes for -1A, -1B, and -4D are the same.

Designation

Actual Size (mm)

Designation

Actual Size (mm)

Data Sheet

Data Sheet

863

O-Ring Size

O-Ring Size [Part 2]

AS 568 (Former ARP 568), Aerospace Size Standard for O-Rings
Designation Actual Size (mm) Designation Actual Size (mm)

Data Sheet

Designation

Actual Size (mm)

Designation

Actual Size (mm)

Designation

Actual Size (mm)

864

Data Sheet

International System of Units (SI) [Part 1]

(According to JIS Z 8203 SI units and recommendations for the use of their multiples and of certain other units and Z 8202 Quantities and units)

Data Sheet

Origin of the term SI (International System of Units)

SI stands for Systme International d'Units in French (International System of Units in English), an internationally accepted official abbreviation.

Purpose and historical background of the SI

The Metre Convention was signed in 1875 to oversee the keeping of metric system as a unified international system of units. Then, the metric system had more than ten variations, losing its consistency. At the 9th General Conference on Weights and Measures (Confrence Gnrale des Poids et Mesures: CGPM) in 1948, a resolution was adopted to use a unified system of units in all fields. The International Committee for Weights and Measures (Comit International des Poids et Mesures: CIPM) of the treaty organization started a process to establish a unified system and determined the framework of the SI in 1960. In 1973, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) developed the standard ISO 1000, which describes SI units and recommendations for the use of them, leading to global adoption of the system. In Japan, a policy to introduce SI units into JIS through the following three phases was determined in 1972; the introduction of SI units into JIS progressed rapidly. First phase: Use of conventional units followed by SI units e.g. 1 kgf [9.8 N] Second phase: Use of SI units followed by conventional units e.g. 10 N {1.02 kgf} Third phase: Use of SI units only e.g. 10 N The Measurement Act in Japan was fully revised in 1992 and enacted in 1993 to unify statutory measurement units into SI units. Under the new Measurement Act, a transition period of up to seven years was granted before the exclusive use of SI units for pressure and moment of force in the field of hydraulics, and the period expired on September 30, 1999. Since October 1, 1999, it has been mandatory to use SI units as statutory measurement units for transactions and certifications. Commercially available pressure gauges are in SI units. The units used in this catalogue are SI units. All units used in this catalogue are SI units as applicable in the third phase of the SI implementation process.

Structure of SI units and JIS Z 8203

Base Units (7) Supplementary Units (2) SI Units Derived Units with Special Names (19) Derived Units Other Derived Units Prefixes (20) and Decimal Multiples of SI units Important Non-SI Units Accepted for Use with SI Units

Base Units Base Unit Name meter kilogram second ampere kelvin mole candela Symbol

Supplementary Units Supplementary Unit Name Plane Angle Solid Angle radian steradian Data Sheet Symbol

Quantity

Quantity

Length Mass Time Electric Current Thermodynamic Temperature Amount of Substance Luminous Intensity

Data Sheet

865

International System of Units (SI)

International System of Units (SI) [Part 2]

Prefixes Prefixes are used to form decimal multiples of SI units.

Data Sheet

Unit Multiplier

Prefix Name yotta zetta exa peta tera giga mega kilo hecto deka deci centi milli micro nano pico femto atto zepto yocto Symbol

Derived units Derived units are expressed algebraically in terms of base units and supplementary units (by means of the mathematical symbols of multiplication and division) in the International System of Units. Derived units expressed in terms of SI base units

Quantity
Area Volume Speed, Velocity Acceleration Wavenumber Density Current Density Magnetic Field Strength
(Amount-of-substance)

Derived Unit Name

square meter cubic meter meter per second meter per second squared reciprocal meter kilogram per cubic meter ampere per square meter ampere per meter mole per cubic meter cubic meter per kilogram candela per square meter

Symbol
m m
2 3

m/s m/s m
2

-1 3

kg/m A/m

A/m mol/m
3 3

Concentration Specific Volume Luminance

m /kg cd/m
2

Derived units with special names

Quantity
Non-SI units accepted for use with SI units Frequency Force Pressure, Stress
Energy, Work, Amount of Heat Amount of Work Done Per Time, Motive Power, Electrical Power Electric Charge, Amount of Electricity Electric Potential, Potential Difference, Voltage, Electromotive Force

Derived Unit Name

hertz newton pascal joule watt coulomb
volt Symbol

Definition s
-1

Hz N Pa J W C
V

Quantity Time

Unit Name minute hour day degree minute second liter metric ton

Unit Symbol

kgm/s2

N/m

Nm J/s As
W/A

Plane Angle Volume Mass

Capacitance Electric Resistance (Electric) Conductance Magnetic Flux

Magnetic Flux Density, Magnetic Induction

farad ohm siemens weber tesla henry

degree celsius/degree

F S Wb T H C lm lx Bq Gy Sv

C/V V/A A/V Vs Wb/m

2

The letter L may be used as the symbol for liter, when the symbol l for liter might be confused with any other character (as a general rule, Yuken uses L). Units accepted for use with SI units for usefulness in special fields

Quantity Energy Atomic Mass Distance Fluid Pressure

Unit Name electronvolt

atomic mass unit astronomical unit parsec bar

Unit Symbol

Inductance Celsius Temperature Luminous Flux Illuminance

Activity Referred to a Radionuclide

Wb/A

lumen lux becquerel gray sievert

cdsy lm/m S
-1 2

Absorbed Dose Dose Equivalent

J/kg Gy

866

Data Sheet

International System of Units (SI) [Part 3]

Use of SI units Space and Time
Decimal Multiple Unit

Data Sheet

Dynamics
Quantity Density, Concentration kg/m
3

Heat
SI Unit Decimal Multiple Unit mg/m or 3 kg/dm or 3 g/cm
3

Quantity Plane Angle

SI Unit rad
(radian)

Quantity
Thermodynamic Temperature

SI Unit K (kelvin) C (degree Celsius or degree) K or C

Decimal Multiple Unit

Solid Angle

sr
(steradian)

(kilogram per cubic meter)

Celsius Temperature
Temperature Interval, Temperature Difference

Length, Width, Height, m Thickness, (meter) Radius, Diameter, Length of Path Traveled, Distance Area m
2

Moment of Inertia

kgm

(kilogram meter squared)

Amount of Heat J (joule) Heat Flow Rate

Thermal Conductivity
Coefficient of Heat Transfer Specific Heat Capacity

Force N (newton)

W (watt)

(square meter)

Volume

Moment of Force Nm
(newton meter)

Electricity and Magnetism

Electric Current A (ampere)

(cubic meter)

Time

s (second)

Pressure Pa (pascal)
Electric Potential, Electric Potential Difference, Voltage, Electromotive Force

Angular Velocity

rad/s
(radian per second) (meter per second)
2

V (volt)

Speed, Velocity m/s Acceleration m/s

Stress

(meter per second squared)

(pascal or newton per square meter)

Pa or N/m

GPa, MPa or N/mm2, kPa

(Electric) Resistance (Direct Current)

(Remarks) M is also referred to as megohm.

Periodic and Related Phenomena

Frequency

Viscosity Kinematic Viscosity

Pas
(pascal second)

(ohm)

m /s
(square meter per second)

(Active) Electric Power W (watt) Data Sheet

Hz (hertz)
Rotational Speed, Revolutions

-1

Work, Energy, Amount of Heat J (joule) Power, Amount of Work Done Per Unit of Time W (watt)

(per second)

Dynamics
Mass

Sound
Frequency Hz (hertz)

kg (kilogram) Flow Rate m /s

(cubic meter per second)
3

Sound Pressure Level* * This SI unit is not provided by ISO 1000-1973 and ISO 31 Part 7-1978, but JIS adopts and specifies dB (decibel) as a unit accepted for use with SI units.

Data Sheet

867

International System of Units (SI)

International System of Units (SI) [Part 4]

SI unit conversion factors table
(Shaded columns Force
N
Newton

Data Sheet

represent SI units.) Moment of inertia

Nm
Newton meter

Note) 1 Nm = 1 kgm /s

Pressure
Pa
pascal

mmHg or Torr

Note) 1 Pa = 1 N/m

Stress
Pa
pascal

Viscosity
MPa or N/mm
2

Pas
pascal second

Megapascal or newton per square milimeter

Note) 1 P = 1 dyns/cm = 1 g/cms 2 Note) 1 Pas = 1 Ns/m , 1 cP = 1 mPas

Work, energy, amount of heat

J
joule

Kinematic viscosity
m2/s
square meter per second

Note) 1 cSt = 1 mm /s, 1 St = 1 cm /s Note) 1 J = 1 Ws, 1 Wh = 3,600 Ws Note) 1 cal = 4.186 05 J (according to the Measurement Act)

Power (amount of work done per unit of time or motive power)

kW
kilowatt

Thermal conductivity
W/(mK)
watt per meter kelvin

Note) 1 cal = 4.186 05 J (according to the Measurement Act) Note) 1 W = 1 J/s, PS: French horsepower Note) 1 PS = 0.735 5 kW (according to the Act for Enforcement of the Measurement Act) Note) 1 cal = 4.186 05 J (according to the Measurement Act)

Temperature

Specific heat capacity

J/(kgK)
joule per kilogram kelvin

Coefficient of heat transfer

W/(m2K)
watt per meter squared kelvin

T1: Thermodynamic temperature T2: Celsius temperature T3: F

K (kelvin) C (degree)
Note) 1 cal = 4.186 05 J (according to the Measurement Act) Note) 1 cal = 4.186 05 J (according to the Measurement Act)

868

Data Sheet