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    Antiseptik - Desinfectan PDF

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    Eki Megarani
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    Antiseptik - Desinfectan PDF

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    farmakologi

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    farmakologi

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    244 views29 pages

    Antiseptik - Desinfectan PDF

    Uploaded by

    Eki Megarani
    farmakologi

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    Antiseptic - Desinfectant

    Ari Y Sekolah Tinggi Farmasi Bandung 2013

    Antiseptic - Desinfectant
    No selective toxicity Most of them are toxic (not only for microbial, but also for cells) May be used topically (to reduce microbial population inanimate environment)

    Antiseptic - Desinfectant
    Definitions : Desinfectant : a substance that kills microorganisms in the inanimate environment Antiseptic : substance that inhibit bacterial growth both in vitro & in vivo when applied to the surface of living tissue under suitable conditions of contact

    Properties of Good Desinfect./Antiseptics


    1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Cidal Non staining & good odour Active against all pathogens Active in presence of pus, blood & exudates Rapid acting Non irritating to tissues / non corrosive Non absorbable Non sensitizing

    Mx of Action
    Oxidation of bacterial protoplasm Co-agulation (denaturation) of bacterial proteins & disrupt cell membrane
    Phenols, chlorhexidine, alcohols, aldehydes Potassium permanganate, H202, Halogens

    Detergent like action permeability of bacterial cell membrane


    Cetrimide, soaps

    Classification
    Phenol derivatives:

    Phenol, cresol, hexachlorophene, chlorohexylenol (dettol)


    Oxidizing agents: Hydrogen peroxide Halogens: Iodine, chlorine, chlorophores. Biguanides: Chlorhexidine.

    Quaternary ammonium:
    Cetrimide.

    Classification
    Alcohols: Ethanol, isopropanol Aldehyde: Formaldehyde Acids: Acetic acid, boric acid Metallic salt: Mercuric compounds , silver & zinc salts Dyes: Gentian violet, acriflavine

    Phenol
    Earliest used, reference standard Protoplasmic poison,
    injures tissues & cells at high conc. causes skin burn

    MOA:
    denaturating bacterial proteins.

    USES :
    To disinfect urine, faeces, pus, burns.

    Extremely irritating, corrosive

    Cresol (Lysol)
    Methyl Derivative of phenol, less damaging to tissues than phenol. 3-10 times more active used for disinfection of utensils, excreta & for washing hands.

    Chloroxylenol (Dettol)
    Phenol derivative Non corrosive,Non irritating to skin Commercial 4.8 % solution used for surgical antisepsis Skin cream and soap: 0.8% Mouth wash 1%

    Hexachlorophene
    Commonly incorporated in soap Effectively only against Gm+ve Slow but persistant action >2% preparations banned

    Oxidizing Agents
    Potassium permanganate:
    Purple crystals, highly water soluble, liberates oxygen which oxidizes bacterial protoplasm. Used for gargling, irrigating wounds, urethra (condy`s lotion diluted solution of 1:4000 to 1:10,000 ) High conc cause burns It is also used to disinfect water in ponds. Stomach wash in alkaloidal poisoning

    Oxidizing Agents
    Hydrogen Peroxide
    liberates nascent oxygen which oxidizes necrotic matter & bacteria. Helps in loosening & removing slough, ear wax etc.

    Benzoyl Peroxide
    Widely used drug for acne. liberates O2 in presence of water which kills bacteria, specially anaerobes

    Halogen Compounds
    Iodine Iodophores Chlorine Chlorophores

    Iodine
    Rapidly acting broad spectrum (bacteria, fungi,virus) Acts by iodinating and oxidizing microbial protoplasm. Used for cuts, degerming skin before surgery. Adverse effect: cause burns & blisters

    Iodophores
    Known as povidine iodine. Non toxic, non staining prolonged action. Used on boils, burns, ulcers, tinea, surgical srub, disinfecting surgical instruments, non specific vaginitis.

    Chlorine
    Potent germicide. Kills pathogens in 30 sec. Used to disinfect urban water supplies. Conc. : 0.1 to 0.25 ppm

    Chlorophores
    (1) Chlorinated lime (bleaching powder)
    obtained by action of chlorine on lime. used to disinfect drinking water

    (2) Sodium hypochlorite


    Powerful disinfectant used in dairies for milk cans. Too Irritant to be used as antiseptic. Root canal therapy in dentisry

    Biguanides
    Chlorhexidine: (Savlon)
    Acts by disrupting bacterial cell membrane & denaturation of bacterial proteins Non irritant ,more active against gram +ve bacteria. Used in for surgical scrub, neonatal bath, mouth wash & general skin antiseptic. Most widely used antiseptic in dentisry 0.12-0.2% oral rinse or 0.5 -1 % tooth paste

    Quarternary ammonium antiseptics


    Cetrimide

    Detergents: Cidal to bacteria, fungi & viruses.


    Act by altering permeability of cell membrane Efficiently remove dirt and grease Widely used as antiseptics & disinfectants for

    surgical instruments, gloves etc


    Combined with chlorhexidine (savlon)

    Soaps
    Anionic detergents Weak antiseptics with cleansing action Washing with soap and warm water one of the most effective methods of preventing disease transmission Affect only Gm+ bacteria

    Alcohol
    Ethanol
    Antiseptic, cleansing agent at 40-90% conc. Act by precipating bacterial proteins Irritant, should not be applied on mucous membrane, ulcers, open wounds.

    Formaldehyde
    Used for fumigation. 37 % aqueous solution called as formalin. Protoplasmic poison , denaturates protiens. Used for preserving dead tissues. Use as antiseptic restricted due to bad odour & irritation Glutaraldehyde is a better sterlizing agent

    Acid Compounds
    Boric acid Weak antiseptic , bacteriostatic. Used for mouth wash, irrigation eyes, glossitis. Adverse effect: vomiting ,abdominal pain on systemic absorption.

    Metallic Salts
    SILVER COMPOUNDS Silver sulphadiazine is active against pseudomonas seen in burns patient. Silver nitrate highly active against gonococci ZN SALTS Mild antiseptic, used as eye wash, ear drops.

    Dyes
    Gentian violet:
    Active against bacteria (gram + ve), fungi Used on chronic ulcers, furunculosis, bed sores, ring worms.

    Acriflavine
    Active against gram +ve bacteria & gonocci suitable for chronic ulcers & wounds Do not retard healing, non irritant

    Ectoparasiticides
    These are drugs used to kill parasites that live on body surfaces lice cause pediculosis (hair infection) mites cause scabies(skin infection)

    Ectoparasiticides
    (1) PERMETHRIN (2) LINDANE (3) BENZYL BENZOATE (4) IVERMECTIN (5) CROTAMITON (6) SULFUR

    ThanK YoU

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