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    Class 26: Other Coordinate Systems: R RR R Z RZ FR Z Z R Z

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    Qasim Ali
    1) The document describes solving a partial differential equation for the steady temperature distribution inside a circular cylinder using separation of variables and finite Fourier transforms. 2) Separation of variables reduces the PDE to Bessel's equation of order zero, with eigenfunctions given by the zeros of the Bessel function. 3) Applying finite Fourier transforms to the PDE results in an ordinary differential equation for the transform coefficients with solutions that exponentially decay or grow with z. The bounded solution is used to satisfy the boundary conditions.

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    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Class 26: Other Coordinate Systems: R RR R Z RZ FR Z Z R Z

    Uploaded by

    Qasim Ali
    39 views4 pages
    1) The document describes solving a partial differential equation for the steady temperature distribution inside a circular cylinder using separation of variables and finite Fourier transforms. 2) Separation of variables reduces the PDE to Bessel's equation of order zero, with eigenfunctions given by the zeros of the Bessel function. 3) Applying finite Fourier transforms to the PDE results in an ordinary differential equation for the transform coefficients with solutions that exponentially decay or grow with z. The bounded solution is used to satisfy the boundary conditions.

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    fourier transforms

    Original Title

    Class 26

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    1) The document describes solving a partial differential equation for the steady temperature distribution inside a circular cylinder using separation of variables and finite Fourier transforms. 2) Separation of variables reduces the PDE to Bessel's equation of order zero, with eigenfunctions given by the zeros of the Bessel function. 3) Applying finite Fourier transforms to the PDE results in an ordinary differential equation for the transform coefficients with solutions that exponentially decay or grow with z. The bounded solution is used to satisfy the boundary conditions.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    39 views4 pages

    Class 26: Other Coordinate Systems: R RR R Z RZ FR Z Z R Z

    Uploaded by

    Qasim Ali
    1) The document describes solving a partial differential equation for the steady temperature distribution inside a circular cylinder using separation of variables and finite Fourier transforms. 2) Separation of variables reduces the PDE to Bessel's equation of order zero, with eigenfunctions given by the zeros of the Bessel function. 3) Applying finite Fourier transforms to the PDE results in an ordinary differential equation for the transform coefficients with solutions that exponentially decay or grow with z. The bounded solution is used to satisfy the boundary conditions.

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    Class 26: Other coordinate systems* Example 72 The steady axially symmetric temperature distribution inside a circular cylinder

    satisfies

    1 " # "! $ " 2! = 0. %r &+ r "r ' "r ( "z 2


    Determine ! ( r , z ) given that

    (26.1)

    ! = f ( r ) on z = 0, ! is bounded as z " #; ! = 0 on r = 1, z > 0.


    Solution In order to apply the finite Fourier transform method, it is necessary to determine the eigenfunctions in the r-direction. This can be done by using separation of variables. (This problem is easily solved using that technique but, with respect to more challenging problems, it is useful to develop an approach based on finite Fourier transforms.) Substitution of

    ! ( r, z ) = R ( r ) Z ( z )
    into (26.1) gives

    (26.2)

    ! 1 d # dR $ " d 2Z r Z z + R r = 0. ( ) ( ) ' r dr % dr & ( dz 2 ) *, +


    Hence,

    1 d " dR # 1 d 2Z r = $ = constant = $! 2 . % & 2 rR dr ' dr ( Z dz


    This leads to the equation

    (26.3)

    r 2 R"" + rR" + ( !r ) R = 0 .
    The substitution

    (26.4)

    !r = s
    reduces (26.4) to

    (26.5)

    d 2R dR 2 s +s + s R = 0, 2 ds ds
    2

    REF: 2011 Lecture Notes, Professor P. A. Blythe 198

    which is Bessels equation of order zero. Linearly independent solutions are J 0 ( s ) and Y0 ( s ) . From (26.5), it follows that the corresponding solutions of (26.4) are

    J 0 ( ! r ) and Y0 ( ! r ).

    (26.6)

    It is expected that the solution on the axis of the cylinder ( r = 0 ) will be bounded. This excludes the function Y0 ( ! r ) , which is singular as r ! 0 . ( Y0 ~ 2! "1 ln r as r # 0 .) Consequently, the only acceptable solution of (26.4) has the form

    R = aJ 0 ( ! r ) .
    The boundary condition that ! = 0 on r = 1 then requires

    (26.7)

    J0 (! ) = 0,
    so that the eigenvalues are given by the zeros of the Bessel function, i.e.

    J 0 ( !n ) = 0, or !n = j0,n .

    (26.8)

    These zeros have been tabulated and can be found, for example, in Abramowitz & Stegun. In particular,

    j0,1 ! 2.405, j0,2 ! 5.520, j0,3 ! 8.654, etc.

    (26.9)

    For consistency, the eigenfunctions will be denoted as before by !n ( r ) , where !n satisfies (see 26.4) d # d!n $ 2 (26.10) %r & + r "n !n = 0 . dr ' dr ( This equation is of Sturm-Liouville form with p ( r ) = r , q ( r ) = 0, and the weight function

    w ( r ) = r . Using the general theory, it follows that the eigenfunctions are orthogonal with respect to the weight function or

    !
    It is also possible to establish that

    rJ 0 !n r J 0 !m r dr = 0, m " n .
    0

    ( ) ( )

    (26.11)

    2 rJ 0 ( r ) dr = 0

    1 2 J 0 ( ) + J12 ( )) . ( 2

    (26.12)

    199

    Choosing = !n , where the !n are defined by (26.8), reduces (26.12) to

    "

    1 rJ 02 ( !n r ) dr = J12 ( !n ) . 0 2
    1

    (26.13)

    It follows that a set of orthonormal eigenfunctions, with respect to the weight function, are

    "n (r ) = 2

    J 0 ( !n r ) . J1 ( !n )

    (26.14)

    Returning to the partial differential equation (26.1), multiplying by r! n ( r ) , and integrating over r, produces

    " # "! $ %n ( r ) & r ' dr + "r ( "r ) 0

    r% n ( r )
    0

    " 2! dr = 0 . "z 2

    (26.15)

    In these cylindrical coordinates, the finite Fourier transform is


    1

    !n =

    r" n ( r )! ( r , z ) dr .
    0

    (26.16)

    Note the inclusion of the weight function. From (26.15) and (26.16)

    where

    d 2! n + I2 = 0 dz 2
    1

    (26.17)

    I2 =
    Integration by parts then gives

    *
    1

    %n ( r )
    0

    " # "! $ &r ' dr . "r ( "r )

    (26.18)

    "! I 2 = $n ( r ) r "r

    "! % $# dr = % n &r " r 0 0

    '

    '

    r $# n
    0

    "! dr . "r

    Repeating the integration by parts generates

    #d $ I 2 = & r'% ( ( r'% n! 0 + n ))! dr = + 0 * dr


    1

    {&" r' }! dr = &" ! .


    2 n n 2 n n

    (26.19)

    From (26.19) and (26.17)

    d 2!n # "n2!n = 0 . 2 dz
    200

    (26.20)

    The general solution of (26.20) is

    !n = an exp ( "n z ) + bn exp ( #"n z )


    and for a bounded solution as z ! " , an = 0 or

    !n = bn exp ( #"n z ) .
    The boundary condition at z = 0 is ! = f ( r ) , or
    1

    (26.21)

    bn = ! n ( 0 ) =

    r" n ( r ) f ( r ) dr .
    0

    (26.22)

    Evaluation of the integral, for a given f ( r ) , defines bn , and the general solution is

    "=

    $
    n =1

    bn 2

    J 0 ( !n r ) exp ( #!n z ) . J1 ( !n )

    (26.23)

    201

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