The document provides an overview of the Matlab Image Processing Toolbox. It discusses [1] common image file formats and data types, [2] basic image processing functions for tasks like filtering, transforms, and pixel operations, and [3] specialized functions for tasks like spatial transforms and region of interest selection. The toolbox allows processing of grayscale, color, and indexed images using functions optimized for 2D images.
The document provides an overview of the Matlab Image Processing Toolbox. It discusses [1] common image file formats and data types, [2] basic image processing functions for tasks like filtering, transforms, and pixel operations, and [3] specialized functions for tasks like spatial transforms and region of interest selection. The toolbox allows processing of grayscale, color, and indexed images using functions optimized for 2D images.
The document provides an overview of the Matlab Image Processing Toolbox. It discusses [1] common image file formats and data types, [2] basic image processing functions for tasks like filtering, transforms, and pixel operations, and [3] specialized functions for tasks like spatial transforms and region of interest selection. The toolbox allows processing of grayscale, color, and indexed images using functions optimized for 2D images.
The document provides an overview of the Matlab Image Processing Toolbox. It discusses [1] common image file formats and data types, [2] basic image processing functions for tasks like filtering, transforms, and pixel operations, and [3] specialized functions for tasks like spatial transforms and region of interest selection. The toolbox allows processing of grayscale, color, and indexed images using functions optimized for 2D images.
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INSIGHT TO MATLAB IMAGE PROCESSING TOOLBOX
ABOUZAR ESLAMI AND EMADODIN FATEMIZADEH
Abstract. This note prepares initial information for starting with Matlab DIP toolbox. the note contains an abridged list of instructions with their brief comment quoted from Matlab.
1. Matlab DIP Toolbox
Matlab digital image processing toolbox is able to perform a large various image processing tasks. there are two important I/O instructions (imread and imwrite)to load and save images with various extensions. Usual data type of images is 8 bit unsigned integer which is not conventional for matlab. major part of functions deal with double type variables. consequently, it is recommended to convert im- age matrix to double data type using double instruction. generally speaking, uint8 variables in image processing are held in [0−255] and double variables in [0−1]. in- structions as imshow and applycform strictly obey such dynamic range constraints. three types of images are defined in matlab: color, gray and indexed. for each pixel of a color image, 3 bytes are dedicated to color components. it is possible to transform well known color spaces with makecform and applycform. initial pro- cesses perform on gray scale images in which each pixel has an 8 bit intensity. mention that the image matrix size is not appropriate to investigate whether image is gray or color. for a 3–D matrix with identical RGB color components, there is no color. abandoned instruction of isgray (develop your own image type check) in addition to rgb2gray can be employed for gray scale processes. an special case of gray images is black and white images with just two intensity levels. the last image type is indexed image in which each pixel has an index refereing to an specific color in associated color map. color space transforms are also applicable to color maps while color maps also obey double and uint8 dynamic ranges. except for extract- ing color image from gray or BW images (which has its own ambiguity), there are functions to convert other images. many of well known signal processing functions are extended for 2–D processing as fft2, corr2, conv2, filter2. although there are alternatives, especially designed for image processing as imfilter, imadd and etc., but it is recommended to convert image to double and exploit all matlab functions since the number of predefined image functions is restricted. pixel addressing in matlab differs from addressing in text book. indeed the axis x and y are replaced with n2 and n1 respectively. consequently, two pixels of I(n1 , n2 ) and I(n′1 , n2 ) have same horizontal coordination while I(n1 , n2 ) and I(n1 , n′2 ) have same vertical coordination. there are two ways for addressing the pixel in matlab (not 3-byte color images). in conventional way I(q1 , q2 ) represents the pixel of [q1 , q2 ]T that can also be addressed by one index as q = (q2 − 1)size(I, 1) + q1 . occasionally, this one element addressing simplifies m-file development. 1 2 ABOUZAR ESLAMI AND EMADODIN FATEMIZADEH
in addition to intensity processes, there is a group of functions (namely spatial
transforms) usually employed for registrations and motion modelling (camera or object). two important and general functions of this group are maketform and imtransform that can apply many spatial transforms (affine, bilinear, ...). with respect to high computation and time cost of these functions, it is recommended to use substitutes as imrotate and imresize when the motion or deformation is not sophisticated. it is even possible to develop code for half–pel (or less) accuracy deformation using interp2. finally, try the imtool to see images which prepares some tools for image inves- tigation and try to get acquainted with roipoly which make yo able to extract a desirable surface by preparing a cursor tool. INSIGHT TO MATLAB IMAGE PROCESSING TOOLBOX 3
2. Frequent Instructions image Create and display image object imagesc Scale data and display as image imshow Display image in a MATLAB figure window imtool Display image in the Image Viewer dicomread Read a DICOM image dicomwrite Write a DICOM image imfinfo Return information about image file imread Read image file imwrite Write image file double Convert data to double precision gray2ind Convert intensity image to indexed image grayslice Create indexed image from intensity image by thresholding graythresh Compute global image threshold using Otsu’s method im2bw Convert image to binary image by thresholding im2double Convert image array to double precision im2uint8 Convert image array to 8-bit unsigned integers ind2gray Convert indexed image to intensity image ind2rgb Convert indexed image to RGB image rgb2gray Convert RGB image or colormap to grayscale rgb2ind Convert RGB image to indexed image imcrop Crop image imresize Resize image imrotate Rotate image imtransform Apply 2-D spatial transformation to image makeresampler Create resampling structure maketform Create geometric transformation structure reshape Reshape array roipoly Select polygonal region of interest bwboundaries Trace region boundaries in binary image bwtraceboundary Trace object in binary image edge Find edges in intensity image entropy Entropy of an intensity image corr2 Compute 2-D correlation coefficient imhist Display histogram of image data mean2 Compute mean of matrix elements std2 Compute standard deviation of matrix elements histeq Enhance contrast using histogram equalization imadjust Adjust image intensity values or colormap imnoise Add noise to an image medfilt2 Perform 2-D median filtering ordfilt2 Perform 2-D order-statistic filtering wiener2 Perform 2-D adaptive noise-removal filtering conv2 Perform 2-D convolution filter2 Perform 2-D filtering fspecial Create predefined filters imfilter Multidimensional image filtering freqz2 Compute 2-D frequency response fwind1 Design 2-D FIR filter using 1-D window method fwind2 Design 2-D FIR filter using 2-D window method dct2 Compute 2-D discrete cosine transform fft2 Compute 2-D fast Fourier transform fftshift Reverse quadrants of output of FFT idct2 Compute 2-D inverse discrete cosine transform ifft2 Compute 2-D inverse fast Fourier transform iradon Compute inverse Radon transform radon Compute Radon transform
