Need For A Business Plan

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BUSINESS PLAN

The business plan is a written document that serves as a road map in the entrepreneurs
journey from start-up to project implementation. It describes all the relevant elements
involved in starting a new business enterprise. It is often an integration of functional plans
such as marketing, finance, manufacturing and human resources. Potential investors and
suppliers too are interested in a business plan, as it can prove helpful in taking decisions.
NEED FOR A BUSINESS PLAN
The depth and detail of the business plan depends upon the size of the market, nature of
business [manufacturing/trading/service] and degree of competition. For, e.g., an
entrepreneur planning to market a new washing machine will need a comprehensive business
plan. On the other hand, an entrepreneur who plans to open a general provisions
corner store will not need such a comprehensive business plan. Business plan is important
due to the following reasons:
(i) It helps the entrepreneur to decide where he wants to go.
(ii) It helps him to determine the viability of the venture.
(iii) It provides guidance to the entrepreneur in planning realistic goals and
targets, in organizing and even in identifying possible roadblocks.
(iv) It is a pre-requisite to obtain finance.
While outlining a business plan, you should start with describing about your business and
product or services. Then indicate the market you are targeting and the stage of development
your company is in. If you get stuck at a particular part of the plan, leave it for a while and
get back to it later and finish it. You cannot make a perfect first draft. So just get some
thoughts down to start the process. You can always come back and change it or polish it up
later. While making a business plan keep the following points in mind.
1. The target audience: While working your business plan, keep in mind the
intended audience and why you are writing plan. For example, if you are trying to get
debt financing, the emphasis should not be on the huge profit potential but on the
certainty that the debt can be repaid.
2. Business strategy: The first part of the business plan should be geared towards
helping develop and support solid business strategy. The plan should explain the market,
the industry, target customers and competitors.
The second half of the business plan should explain how to execute your selected business
strategy. Your products, services, marketing and operations should all closely tie in
with your strategy.
3. Competition: As an entrepreneur, you need to identify where you will do things in a
manner similar to your competitors and where you will do things differently, what
will be your real strengths and real weaknesses. Focus your plan on being different than
your competitors. Think over the points-Can you find a unique strategy? Can you
position your products differently? Can you use different sales or marketing vehicles?
Your business plan should be able to answer these questions.
4. Be realistic: So many business plans do not work in the real life as there are
always going to be some unseen expenditures, cost overruns, expensive problems and
items that you simply overlooked. So forecast realistically and try to have a
contingency reserve.
5. Involvement of people for creating the business plan In seeking funds from
banks, venture capitalists or other outside investors, the chances of success are
greater if your management team includes a person whose name carries some
weight, to get the plan in synchronized fashion, and to get any disagreements, out in the
open. The more input people have in creating the plan, the more responsibility
they will feel towards it.

6. You should keep your business plan factual and brief.
Outline of a Business Plan
1 Introductory Page
(a) Name and address of business
(b) Name(s) and address (es) of principals
(c) Nature of business
(d) Statement of financing needed
(e) Statement of confidentiality of report


2 Executive Summary Three to four pages summarizing the complete
business plan.

3 Industry Analysis
(a) Future outlook and trends
(b) Analysis of competitors
(c) Market segmentation
(d) Industry forecasts

4 Description of Venture
(a) Product (s)
(b) Services (s)
(c) Size of business
(d) Office equipment and personnel
(e) Background of entrepreneurs

5 Production Plan
(a) Manufacturing process (amount subcontracted)
(b) Physical plant
(c) Machinery and equipment
(d) Names of suppliers of raw materials

6 Marketing Plan
(a) Pricing
(b) Distribution
(c) Production
(d) Product forecasts
(e) Controls




7 Organisational Plan
(a) Form of ownership
(b) Identification of partners or principal shareholders
(c) Authority of principals
(d) Management-team background
(e) Roles and responsibilities of members of organization

8 Assessment of Risk
(a) Evaluate weakness of business
(b) New technologies
(c) Contingency plans

9 Financial Plan
(a) Pro forma income statement
(b) Cash flow projection
(c) Pro forma balance sheet
(d) Break-even analysis
(e) Sources and application of funds

10 Appendix (contains backup material)
(a) Letters
(b) Market research data
(c) Leases or contracts
(d) Price lists from suppliers

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