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    Student Lecture 47 Forced Oscillations and Fourier Series

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    1) The document discusses using Fourier series to solve differential equations where the forcing function f(t) is periodic but not sinusoidal. 2) It provides an example of using the Fourier sine series of f(t) to decompose it into an infinite sum of sines and cosines, then solving the differential equation by replacing f(t) with each term of the Fourier series. 3) The full solution is the sum of the individual solutions. The component providing the largest contribution to the particular solution is of particular interest.

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    Student Lecture 47 Forced Oscillations and Fourier Series

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    279 views5 pages
    1) The document discusses using Fourier series to solve differential equations where the forcing function f(t) is periodic but not sinusoidal. 2) It provides an example of using the Fourier sine series of f(t) to decompose it into an infinite sum of sines and cosines, then solving the differential equation by replacing f(t) with each term of the Fourier series. 3) The full solution is the sum of the individual solutions. The component providing the largest contribution to the particular solution is of particular interest.

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    Student Lecture 47 Forced Oscillations and Fourier Series

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    1) The document discusses using Fourier series to solve differential equations where the forcing function f(t) is periodic but not sinusoidal. 2) It provides an example of using the Fourier sine series of f(t) to decompose it into an infinite sum of sines and cosines, then solving the differential equation by replacing f(t) with each term of the Fourier series. 3) The full solution is the sum of the individual solutions. The component providing the largest contribution to the particular solution is of particular interest.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    279 views5 pages

    Student Lecture 47 Forced Oscillations and Fourier Series

    Uploaded by

    uploadingperson
    1) The document discusses using Fourier series to solve differential equations where the forcing function f(t) is periodic but not sinusoidal. 2) It provides an example of using the Fourier sine series of f(t) to decompose it into an infinite sum of sines and cosines, then solving the differential equation by replacing f(t) with each term of the Fourier series. 3) The full solution is the sum of the individual solutions. The component providing the largest contribution to the particular solution is of particular interest.

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    LECTURE 47

    FORCED OSCILLATIONS AND FOURIER SERIES


    Suppose that a function f has period T = 2L. Then f may be approximated by the Fourier
    series
    f(x) = a
    0
    +

    n=1
    (a
    n
    cos
    nx
    L
    + b
    n
    sin
    nx
    L
    )
    where the Fourier coecients a
    0
    , a
    n
    and b
    n
    are given by
    a
    0
    =
    1
    2L
    L

    L
    f(x) dx
    a
    n
    =
    1
    L
    L

    L
    f(x) cos
    nx
    L
    dx (n = 1, 2, 3, . . . )
    b
    n
    =
    1
    L
    L

    L
    f(x) sin
    nx
    L
    dx (n = 1, 2, 3, . . . )

    .
    Let us now start using Fourier series to solve some special problems. Fourier series will
    prove an essential tool in solving partial dierential equations (PDEs) for the remainder
    of the course. But today we will use Fourier series to help us solve an ODE
    my

    + cy

    + ky = f(t)
    governing oscillating systems where the forcing function f(t) is exotic and periodic. We
    have already covered this theory when f(t) is a standard function. First some revision:
    Example 1 Consider the dierential equation
    y

    + 9y = 60 sint .
    i) Find the general solution when = 2 and sketch y
    p
    .
    ii) Describe the guess for y
    p
    when = 3, and sketch y
    p
    .
    1
    Note in the above that since the y

    term is missing from the ODE we can drop the


    cos term from the guess for y
    p
    and make a guess entirely in terms of sin t provided = 3.
    We now turn to a similar situation except that the forcing function is no longer si-
    nusoidal but rather is simply a random periodic function. The method of undetermined
    coecients will probably no longer work as the guess for y
    p
    is no longer obvious. Laplace
    transforms are an option but we have seen that they can get messy. Our method of attack
    using Fourier series is simple.
    We decompose the function f(t) into an innite sum of sines and or cosines using
    the theory of Half Range expansions. We then solve the dierential equation with
    the RHS f(t) replaced by the nth term of its Fourier series. The nal solution is then
    expressed as a series of the individual smaller solutions. An issue of particular concern is
    which component of the forcing function provides the largest contribution to the partic-
    ular solution.
    This is best explained via an example. There will also be a few more in the problem
    class.
    2
    Example 2 Suppose that
    f(x) =

    1 x, 0 x < 2;
    f(x + 2), otherwise.
    and consider the dierential equation
    y

    + 484y = f(x) .
    i) Show that the Fourier sine series of f is
    f(x) =

    n=1
    2
    n
    sin nx.
    ii) Show that a particular solution to y

    + 484y =
    2
    n
    sin nx is
    y
    n
    =
    2
    n(484 (n)
    2
    )
    sin nx.
    iii) Hence show that the solution to y

    + 484y = f(x) is
    y = Acos 22x + B sin 22x +

    n=1
    2
    n(484 (n)
    2
    )
    sin nx.
    iv) Explain why the seventh term in the above expansion will dominate the series so-
    lution for y
    p
    . Find the sixth, seventh and eighth coecients in the series for y
    p
    .
    3
    4
    n=7 comes closest to resonance , B
    6
    = .00082, B
    7
    = 0.23, B
    8
    = 0.00054
    47
    You can now do Q 113
    5

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