A Synopsis

On
4G WIRELESS SYSTEM

Submitted for partial fulfillment of award of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

In
Electrical & Electronics Engineering

By

Aniket Naugariya
Under supervision of
Mr. Priyank Agrawal

RAJ KUMAR GOEL ENGINEERING COLLEGE
(Pilkhuwa)
Submitted on--march-2014


INTRODUTION-
The approaching 4G (fourth generation) mobile communication systems are projected to solve still-
remaining problems of 3G (third generation) systems and to provide a wide variety of new services, from
high-quality voice to high-definition video to high-data-rate wireless channels.
The term 4G is used broadly to include several types of broadband wireless access communication systems,
not only cellular telephone systems. One of the terms used to describe 4G is MAGICMobile multimedia,
anytime anywhere, Global mobility support,integrated wireless solution, and customized personal service.
As a promise for the future, 4G systems, that is, cellular broadband wireless access systems, have been
attracting much interest in the mobile communication arena. The 4G systems not only will support the next
generation of mobile service, but also will support the fixed wireless networks. This paper presents an
overall vision of the 4G features, framework, and integration of mobile communication.
The features of 4G systems might be summarized with one word Integration.The 4G systems are about
seamlessly integrating terminals, networks, and applications to satisfy increasing user demands. The
continuous expansion of mobile communication and wireless networks shows evidence of exceptional
growth in the areas of mobile subscriber, wireless network access, mobile services, and applications. An
estimate of 1 billion users by the end of 2003 justifies the study and research for 4G systems.

As the second generation was a total replacement of the first generation networks and handsets; and the third
generation was a total replacement of second generation networks and handsets; so too the fourth generation
cannot be an incremental evolution of current 3G technologies, but rather the total replacement of the current
3G networks and handsets. The international telecommunications regulatory and standardization bodies are
working for commercial deployment of 4G networks roughly in the 2012-2015 time scale. There is no
formal definition for what 4G is; however, there are certain objectives that are projected for 4G. These
objectives include, that 4G will be a fully IP-based integrated system. 4G will be capable of providing
between 100 Mbit/s and 1 Gbit/s speeds both indoors and outdoors, with premium quality and high security.
While 3G hasn't quite arrived, designers are already thinking about 4G technology. With it comes
challenging RF and baseband design headaches. Cellular service providers are slowly beginning to deploy
third-generation (3G) cellular services. As access technology increases, voice, video, multimedia, and
broadband data services are becoming integrated into the same network. The hope once envisioned for 3G as
a true broadband service has all but dwindled away. It is apparent that 3G systems, while maintaining the
possible 2-Mbps data rate in the standard, will realistically achieve 384-kbps rates. To achieve the goals of
true broadband cellular service, the systems have to make the leap to a fourth-generation (4G) network.
This is not merely a numbers game. 4G is intended to provide high speed, high capacity, low cost per
bit, IP based services. The goal is to have data rates up to 20 Mbps, even when used in such scenarios as a
vehicle traveling 200 kilometers per hour. The move to 4G is complicated by attempts to standardize on a
single 3G protocol. Without a single standard on which to build, designers face significant additional
challenges [2].





HISTORY-
The history and evolution of mobile service from the 1G (first generation) to fourth generation are discussed
in this section. Table 1 presents a short history of mobile telephone technologies. This process began with
the designs in the 1970s that have become known as 1G. The earliest systems were implemented based on
analog technology and the basic cellular structure of mobile communication. Many fundamental problems
were solved by these early systems.
Numerous incompatible analog systems were placed in service around the world during the 1980s.The 2G
(second generation) systems designed in the 1980s were still used mainly for voice applications but were
based on digital technology, including digital signal processing techniques. These 2G systems provided
circuit-switched data communication services at a low speed. The competitive rush to design and implement
digital systems led again to a variety of different and incompatible standards such as GSM(global system
mobile), mainly in Europe; TDMA (time division multiple access) (IS-54/IS-136) in the U.S.; PDC (personal
digital cellular) in Japan; and CDMA (code division multiple access) (IS-95), another U.S. system. These
systems operate nationwide or internationally and are today's mainstream systems, although the data rate for
users in these system is very limited. During the 1990s, two organizations worked to define the next, or 3G,
mobile system, which would eliminate previous incompatibilities and become a truly global system.
The 3G system would have higher quality voice channels, as well as broadband data capabilities, up to 2
Mbps. Unfortunately, the two groups could not reconcile their differences, and this decade will see the
introduction of two mobile standards for 3G. In addition, China is on the verge of implementing a third 3G
system. An interim step is being taken between 2G and 3G, the 2.5G. It is basically an enhancement of the
two major 2G technologies to provide increased capacity on the 2G RF (radio frequency) channels and to
introduce higher throughput for data service, up to 384 kbps.





FEATURES:
Support for interactive multimedia, voice, streaming video, Internet, and other Broad band services
IP based mobile system
High speed, high capacity, and low costperbit
Global access, service portability, and scalable mobile services
Seamless switching, and a variety of Quality of Servicedriven services
Better scheduling and calladmissioncontrol techniques
Adhoc and multihop networks (the strict delay requirements of voice Make multihop network service
a difficult problems.
Better spectral efficiency
Seamless network of multiple protocols and air interfaces (since 4G will be allIP, look for 4G systems
to be compatible with all common network. Technologies including 802.11, WCDMA,Bluetooth,
and Hyper LAN.
An infrastructure to handle preexisting 3G systems along with other wireless Technologies,some of
which are currently under development.
IMPLEMENTATION USING 4G:
The goal of 4G is to replace the current core mobile networks with a single worldwide core network
standard, based on IP for control, video, packet data, and voice. This will provide uniform video, voice, and
data services to the mobile host, based entirely on ip. IP is assumed to act as an adhesive for providing
global connectivity and mobility among networks. An all IPbased 4G wireless network has inherent
advantages over its predecessors. It is compatible with, and independent of the underlying radio access
technology.An IP wireless network replaces the old Signaling System 7 (SS7) telecommunications
protocol,which is considered massively redundant. This is because SS7 signal transmission consumes a
larger part of network bandwidth even when there is no signaling traffic for the simple reason that it uses call
setup mechanism to reserve bandwidth, rather time/frequency slots in the radio waves.


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THANKING YOU.