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    History of Blood Banking

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    radiz.solta
    The history of blood banking began with ancient practices of bloodletting to balance bodily humors. In the late 1800s, the medical benefits of bloodletting were questioned, while the first blood transfusions between animals and humans were attempted. During World War I, the first blood depot was established to collect and store blood for transfusions. This led to the establishment of national blood banking networks and services in the 1930s-40s to facilitate blood donation and distribution. The development of plastic bags and refrigeration further advanced blood banking capabilities. Major events included the discovery of blood groups in the early 1900s, the isolation of HIV in the 1980s, and the implementation of screening tests to reduce the risk of disease transmission via blood

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    History of Blood Banking

    Uploaded by

    radiz.solta
    151 views5 pages
    The history of blood banking began with ancient practices of bloodletting to balance bodily humors. In the late 1800s, the medical benefits of bloodletting were questioned, while the first blood transfusions between animals and humans were attempted. During World War I, the first blood depot was established to collect and store blood for transfusions. This led to the establishment of national blood banking networks and services in the 1930s-40s to facilitate blood donation and distribution. The development of plastic bags and refrigeration further advanced blood banking capabilities. Major events included the discovery of blood groups in the early 1900s, the isolation of HIV in the 1980s, and the implementation of screening tests to reduce the risk of disease transmission via blood

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    The history of blood banking began with ancient practices of bloodletting to balance bodily humors. In the late 1800s, the medical benefits of bloodletting were questioned, while the first blood transfusions between animals and humans were attempted. During World War I, the first blood depot was established to collect and store blood for transfusions. This led to the establishment of national blood banking networks and services in the 1930s-40s to facilitate blood donation and distribution. The development of plastic bags and refrigeration further advanced blood banking capabilities. Major events included the discovery of blood groups in the early 1900s, the isolation of HIV in the 1980s, and the implementation of screening tests to reduce the risk of disease transmission via blood

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    151 views5 pages

    History of Blood Banking

    Uploaded by

    radiz.solta
    The history of blood banking began with ancient practices of bloodletting to balance bodily humors. In the late 1800s, the medical benefits of bloodletting were questioned, while the first blood transfusions between animals and humans were attempted. During World War I, the first blood depot was established to collect and store blood for transfusions. This led to the establishment of national blood banking networks and services in the 1930s-40s to facilitate blood donation and distribution. The development of plastic bags and refrigeration further advanced blood banking capabilities. Major events included the discovery of blood groups in the early 1900s, the isolation of HIV in the 1980s, and the implementation of screening tests to reduce the risk of disease transmission via blood

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    © All Rights Reserved
    of 5

    History of Blood Banking

    Bloodletting
    Bloodletting was based on an ancient system of medicine in
    which blood and other bodily fluid were considered to be
    "humors," the proper balance of which maintained health.
    c. 2500 BCE: Egyptians Use Bleeding
    A tomb illustration in Memphis, Egypt, depicts a patient being
    bled from the foot and neck. Though the bloodletting was often
    recommended by physicians it was carried out by barbers,
    eventually symbolized by the red-and-white-striped barber
    pole.
    1897: Dracula by Irish Author Bram Stoker is Published
    Remembered as the quintessential vampire novel, it provided
    the basis of modern vampire fiction the taking of blood from
    the living to sustain the "life" of the undead.
    Late 1800s: Bloodletting Medically Questioned
    The benefits of bloodletting began to be seriously questioned in
    the second half of the 1800s. Some still considered it beneficial
    in some circumstances, for instance to "clear out" infected or
    weakened blood or to stop hemorrhaging. Some forms of
    bloodletting persisted into the 20th century.

    Transfusions
    1492: First Historical Transfusion Attempt
    The blood of three 10-year-old boys was infused by mouth into
    Pope Innocent VIII as he sank into a coma. The Pope and the
    boys died.
    1667: First Recorded Human Transfusion
    The first fully documented human blood transfusion was
    administered in France. King Louis XIV's doctor transfused the

    blood of a sheep into a 15-year-old boy, who survived.
    1818: First Recorded Human-to-Human Transfusion
    British obstetrician and physiologist James Blundell performs
    the first recorded human-to-human blood transfusion. He
    injected a patient suffering from internal bleeding with 12 to 14
    ounces of blood from several donors. The patient died after
    initially showing improvement.
    1901: Three Main Blood Groups Discovered
    Discovery of the three main human blood groups, A, B, and C,
    which is later changed to O. Research charts the regular pattern
    of reaction that occurs after mingling the serum and red cells of
    an initial set of six blood specimens.
    1902: Fourth Blood Group Discovered
    Fourth blood group, AB, is identified.
    1907: First Use of Cross Matching
    Cross matching checks the blood of donors and recipients for
    signs of incompatibility.
    1914: First Non-Direct Transfusion
    The first transfusions had to be made directly from donor to
    receiver before coagulation. Researchers discover that adding
    sodium citrate to blood will prevent it from clotting. Adding
    anticoagulant and refrigerating the blood made it possible to
    store it for days, opening the way for blood banking.
    1917: First Blood Depot
    Army doctor collects and stores type O blood, with citrate-
    glucose solution, in advance of the Battle of Cambrai in World
    War I.
    The I mpact of War
    1922: Blood Donor Service Established in London
    Volunteers agree to be on 24-hour call and to travel to local

    hospitals to give blood as the need arises. All volunteers are
    screened for disease, tested for blood type, and their names are
    entered into a phone log.
    1930: First Network of Blood Facilities
    The Soviets are the first to establish a network of facilities to
    collect and store blood for use in transfusions at hospitals.
    1935: First In-Hospital Blood Facilities
    Mayo Clinic in Rochester, MN is the first to begin storing
    citrated blood and utilizing it for transfusions within a hospital
    setting in the U.S.
    1936: Barcelona Blood-Transfusion Service
    The Barcelona Blood-Transfusion Service collects blood, tests
    it, pools it by blood group, preserves and stores it in bottles
    under refrigeration, and by way of vehicles fitted with
    refrigerators, transports it to front line hospitals during the
    Spanish Civil War.
    1937: Term "Blood Bank" Coined
    Dr. Bernard Fantus at Chicago's Cook Co. Hospital coins the
    term "blood bank."
    1939-40: Discovery of Rh Blood Group
    Discovery of the Rh blood group and identification of the
    antibody causing still births as the anti-Rh.
    1940: U.S. Sends Blood Plasma to Great Britain
    U.S. processes, tests, and stores plasma for shipment to Great
    Britain.
    1941: Red Cross Organizes Blood Plasma War Effort
    Red Cross agrees to organize a civilian blood donor service to
    collect blood plasma for the war effort.
    1943: Transfusion-Transmitted Hepatitis
    First description of transfusion-transmitted hepatitis.
    1947: American Association of Blood Banks
    Community blood banks join together to form a national
    network of blood banks called the American Association of
    Blood Banks.
    1948: Development of Plastic Bag
    Development of the plastic bag revolutionizes blood collection.
    1962: America's Blood Centers Founded
    Seven community-based blood centers came together with the
    help of local hospitals, physicians and civic groups to establish
    America's Blood Centers.
    1964: Community Blood Center Established
    Community Blood Center (CBC) established in a Dayton
    medical building basement.
    1971: CBC Moves to Current Location
    CBC moved to current Dayton headquarters.
    1965: Cryoprecipitates Developed
    The discovery that slowly thawed frozen plasma yields deposits
    high in Factor VIII. These deposits, called cryoprecipitates - or
    cryo - are found to have much greater clotting power than
    plasma and are given to hemophiliacs to stop bleeding
    episodes.
    1971: FDA Regulation
    Regulation of blood banking transfers from the Division of
    Biologics Standards (DBS) to the Food and Drug
    Administration (FDA).
    1971: Testing for Hepatitis B
    Development of a test for hepatitis B antibodies, thereby
    identifying infected donors; the test is mandated by the FDA.
    The Era of AIDS
    1981: First Case of AIDS
    The first cases of a syndrome initially called GRID (Gay-related Immunodeficiency Disease),
    due to its prevalence among gay men, are reported. It is later renamed AIDS (Acquired Immune
    Deficiency Syndrome).
    1982: Blood-Borne Theory
    When hemophiliacs also begin to develop GRID, theory developed that the syndrome may be
    blood borne.
    1983: AIDS Virus Isolated
    Researchers isolate the virus that causes AIDS.
    1984: AIDS Virus Identified
    Virus that causes AIDS identified as HTLV III - human T-cell lymphotropic virus.
    1985: First AIDS Blood-Screening Test
    First blood-screening test to detect the presence or absence of HIV antibodies. The ELISA test is
    universally adopted by American blood banks and plasma centers.
    1999: NAT Testing
    Blood centers in the United States begin implementation of Nucleic Acid Testing (NAT) for all
    blood donations. It narrows the so-called window period - after - a donor is infected by HIV,
    Hepatitis-B and Hepatitis-C but - before - the condition is detectable by routine methods.
    Prepared by :- Nyraz Chaudhary
    Cniraj99@yahoo.com

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