Preliminary Design of Beam

PRELIMINARY DESIGN OF
BEAM
FOR BEAM

= 12
( =10 to 12)
Longest Span=5325 mm
d = 443.75 mm
Assuming effective cover = 25 mm
Overall depth of beam(D)=(443.75+ + 25)

mm
=476.75 mm, take 500 mm
Now,
Width of beam (b) = D x

= 500x
= 333.33 mm
Take b = 350 mm
Check if b 200

= 0.7 > 0.667 (ok)
Provide size of beam = 350mm500mm
CALCULATION OF BEAM
Design Value:

= 205 kN-m

= 246 kN-m
= 163 kN
Grade of concrete=M20
Grade of steel=Fe500
Section properties:Size of beam=350500

Effective depth of beam(d)=500-25-
=454.5mm
(25 mm clear cover , 8 stirrups, 25mm
main bar)
Design for +ve moment at start of the

beam: =246 kN-m
Mlim = 0.134fckbd
(G=1.1, p.96, IS456:2000)
=0.13420350454.5
=193.193289 N-mm
=193.19 kN-m
Since,
>Mlim ,hence doubly reinforced is required
Area of top bar

B. M = 0.87 f% A &d
193.19 10
() *+,
(-. /
SP16 page 13, Cl 2.3.2
= 0.87 500
500 A
A 454.5
!
20 350
Solving, we get, 123 = 1210.24 mm

The remaining moment has to be resisted by a
couple consisting compression steel and
corresponding to the tensile steel.
56
5
7 .
7 7.
=0.1
Now,
-Mlim=(fsc-fcc)Asc(d-d)
Where, fsc=412,
fcc=0.446fck=8.92
(G=1.2, p.96, IS456:2000)
from SP 16 table
Now,
(246-193.19)106=(412-8.92)Asc(454.5-45.5)
Asc= 316.89mm2
Now,
Corresponding tensile steel,
(fsc-fcc)Asc = 0.87fy Ast2
(G=1.2, p.96, IS456:2000)
(412-8.92)316.89= 0.87500 Ast2

Ast2 = 300.11 mm2
Now,
Ast=Ast1+ Ast2=1210.24+300.11=1510.35 mm2
Asc=316.89 mm2
Design for ve moment at start of the

beam: =205 kN-m
Since,
>Mlim ,hence doubly reinforced is required
For,
Area of bottom bar

B. M = 0.87 f% A &d
193.19 10
() *+,
(-. /
= 0.87 500
500 A
A 454.5
!
20 350
Solving, we get, 123 = 1205.59 mm
The remaining moment has to be resisted by a

couple consisting compression steel and
corresponding to the tensile steel.
56
5
7 .
7 7.
=0.1
Now,
-Mlim=(fsc-fcc)Asc(d-d)
(G=1.2, p.96, IS456:2000)
Where, fsc=412,
fcc=0.446fck=8.92
(from SP 16 table F)
Now,
(205-193.19)106=(412-8.92)Asc(454.5-45.5)
Asc=71.62 mm
Now,
Corresponding tensile steel,
(fsc-fcc)Asc = 0.87fy Ast2
(G=1.2, p.96, IS456:2000)
(412-8.92)71.62= 0.87500 Ast2

Ast2 = 67.83 mm2
Now,
2
Ast=Ast1+ Ast2=1205.59+67.83=1273.42 mm
Asc=71.62 mm2
Check:
Min reinforcement, Ast(min) =0.85
bd
fy
(26.5.1.1, p.46, IS456:2000)
=0.85 350500* 500

=270.43
mm2<1273.42 mm2 (OK)
Max reinforcement, Ast(max)=0.04bD
26.5.1.2, p.47, IS456:2000)
=0.04*350*500
=7000>1273.42 mm2 (OK)
Use 3-25 2-16 with area (1874.745) in
tension
And 3-25 with area (1472.622) in
compression
Curtailment of Bars
(26.2.3, p.44,
Simplified rule for curtailment of bars in

continuous beam according to Art. 3.12.10.2 of
BS 8110-1985 is adopted. These rule applied to
continuous beam of nearly equal spans which
are designed for predominantly uniformly
distributed load. First 40% of steel bars at
support is curtailed at 0.25l from the centre of
the support and 70% of steel at mid span is
curtailed at 0.15l.
Development length of reinforcement

Development length for 25 mm bars
Ld =
0.87 fy
4 bd
Ld =
0.87 500 25
= 1416.02mm
4 1.2 1.6
(Q bd = 1.6 1.2)
(26.2.1, p.42, IS456:2000)
,ForDeformed bar it is increased by60%
Ld = 1.3 1 + Lo
V
Lo
= 16 =16 25 = 400
f% A
M8 = 0.87 f% A 9d
=
f:; b
= 0.87 500
500 1874.745
!
1874.745 454.5
20 350
=261.445 kN-m
> = 163 @A
261.445 10 6
Ld = 1.3
+ 400
3
163 10
B5 = 2605.15 > B5 DEFGHI5J5K

= 1416.02
Hence, safe in development length.
Check for shear reinforcement

Maximum shear occur at face of the support
Factored shear force = 163 KN
LH =
Nominal shear stress

L
% of steel =
=
STU
N5
M
N5
8P8QR
P Q7 7.
=1.025 N/mm2
100
8VW7.W7
*100
P Q7 7.
=1.179%
fck
= 20
Shear strength for M20 concrete,

c = 0.656 N/mm2 < v
( table 19, p.73) IS
c,max = 2.8 N/mm2
( table 20, p.73) IS 456:2000)
c,max > v> c
Hence Shear reinforcement must be designed

for shear value
(v-c)*b*d
Design Shear stress us= v- c=1.025-0.656=0.37
2
N/mm
Design Shear force Vus=
us*b*d=0.37*350*454.5= 58857.75 N
Provide two legged stirrup of 8 mm bar
The shear that has to be contributed by the
vertical stirrup
>2 = 0.87 XY 123
58857.75=0.87500D2
]V^
7
7 7.
_
[ = 337.69 mm
Since , [ < > 0.75 d or 300 or 337.69

whichever is less
(26.5.1.5, p.47) IS 456:2000)
Hence adopt [ = 300 mm

Provide 2-legged stirrup of 8 mm stirrups
throughout the beam.
Check for Deflection

bc = efgh
Z
(Cl.23-2.1, p.37, IS456:2000)
e = 26 (for continuous)
= 1,
(cl.23.2.1(a),p37,IS 456:2000)
(IS: 456-2000, (cl.23.2.1 (e), p.38, Fig 6.p39)
For g
% of steel = (
STU 8QQ
N5
K =D
8VW7.W7 8QQ
P Q7 7.
K = 1.178%
123 DFJaIFJ5K
X2 = 0.58 XY
123 D EFGHI5J5K
1510.35
= 0.58 500
1874.745
X2 = 223.63 Mpa
Since X2 = 223.63 and % of steel = 1.178%, we

get
g =1.05
(IS: 456-2000, (cl.23.2.1 (d), p.37, Fig 5.p-39)
Modification Factors for compression

reinforcement
STi 8QQ
% of compression steel=(
D
87W.8QQ
P Q7 7.
K = 0.93%
N5
K =
for 0.93 % compression reinforcement = 1.24

f =1 , (since span<10m)
(cl.23.2.1(b),p.37,IS 456-2000)
bc efgh
Z
bc 261.05111.24 = 33.852
Z
P
7 7.
33.852
11.78 33.852,
Safe in Deflection
Check for Stability

Maximum spacing for vertical stirrups at
support
jM,lm_ = 0.25 Z = 0.25 454.5
= 113.63 n/n
Therefore, provide 2-legged 8 mm vertical

stirrup @ 100 mm c/c upto 2d (i.e. 2
454.5=909 mm) from the vertical face of
support.

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Preliminary Design of Beam

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PRELIMINARY DESIGN OF

Overall depth of beam(D)=(443.75+ + 25)

= 0.7 > 0.667 (ok)

Provide size of beam = 350mm500mm

Section properties:Size of beam=350500

Effective depth of beam(d)=500-25-

Design for +ve moment at start of the

(G=1.1, p.96, IS456:2000)

Area of top bar

SP16 page 13, Cl 2.3.2

Solving, we get, 123 = 1210.24 mm

(G=1.2, p.96, IS456:2000)

(G=1.2, p.96, IS456:2000)

(412-8.92)316.89= 0.87500 Ast2

Design for ve moment at start of the

Area of bottom bar

Solving, we get, 123 = 1205.59 mm

The remaining moment has to be resisted by a

(G=1.2, p.96, IS456:2000)

(G=1.2, p.96, IS456:2000)

(412-8.92)71.62= 0.87500 Ast2

(26.5.1.1, p.46, IS456:2000)

=0.85 350500* 500

Simplified rule for curtailment of bars in

Development length of reinforcement

(26.2.1, p.42, IS456:2000)

,ForDeformed bar it is increased by60%

B5 = 2605.15 > B5 DEFGHI5J5K

Hence, safe in development length.

Check for shear reinforcement

Nominal shear stress

Shear strength for M20 concrete,

( table 19, p.73) IS

c,max = 2.8 N/mm2

( table 20, p.73) IS 456:2000)

c,max > v> c

Hence Shear reinforcement must be designed

Since , [ < > 0.75 d or 300 or 337.69

(26.5.1.5, p.47) IS 456:2000)

Hence adopt [ = 300 mm

Check for Deflection

(Cl.23-2.1, p.37, IS456:2000)

(IS: 456-2000, (cl.23.2.1 (e), p.38, Fig 6.p39)

Since X2 = 223.63 and % of steel = 1.178%, we

(IS: 456-2000, (cl.23.2.1 (d), p.37, Fig 5.p-39)

Modification Factors for compression

for 0.93 % compression reinforcement = 1.24

Check for Stability

Therefore, provide 2-legged 8 mm vertical

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Solving, we get, 123 = 1210.24 mm

Solving, we get, 123 = 1205.59 mm